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Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU ROBERT J.kasper NATALIE J.S.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological *** evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected *** disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ *** the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with *** studies have found that ACE2 can be released with EVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 *** addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 *** review summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

The contribution of small leaks in a baghouse filter to dust emission in the PM2.s range-A system approach

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Particuology 2017年第1期15卷 40-52页

作者： Oliver Kurtz Jorg Meyer Gerhard kasper Institut for Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Freudenberg Filtration Technologies 69465 WeinheimGermany.

The contribution of leakage in a baghouse filter （defined as a short circuit between the upstream and downstream sides of the filter） to the emission of fine particles is quantified in comparison to other dust emission sources, and the influence of key operating variables on overall system response is analyzed. The study was conducted on a well-maintained pilot-scale filter unit （9 bags of 500 g/m^2 calendered polyester needle felt; total surface area 4.2 m^2） operated in Ap-controlled mode over a range of pulsing intensities, with two types of test dust （one free-flowing and the other cohesive） at inlet concentrations of 10 and 30 g/m^3. Leaks included single holes between 0.5 and 4 mm diameter, intentionally placed in either the plenum plate or one of the filter bags, as well as seamlines from bag confectioning. Emissions were sep- arated by source into a transient contribution due to dust penetration through the filter bags after each cleaning pulse, and a continuous contribution from leaks. This separation was based on a novel method of data processing that relies on time-resolved concentration measurements with a specially calibrated optical particle counter. Tiny leaks on the order of 1 mm generated the same emission level as all the bags combined, and dominated continuous emissions. The equivalent leak cross section （leakage = media emission） was about 1 ppm of the total installed filter surface, independent of upstream dust concentra- tion. Leakage through open seamlines amounted to 75% of media emissions in case of free-flowing test dust. Leakage was restricted to aerodynamic diameters less than ~5 μm （roughly the PM2.s mass frac- tion）. For comparison, time-averaged mass penetration through conventional needle-felt media ranged from about 10^-5 to 10^-6, depending on cohesiveness of the particle material and pulse cleaning intensity, giving emission levels between about 0.02 and 0.2 mg/m^3 at the reference concentration of 10 R/m^2.

关键词： Air filtration Baghouse Pulse-cleaned filters Leaks PM2.5 Dust emission

Network Visualization in Cell Biology

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2012年第4期17卷 365-382页

作者： kasper Dinkla Michel A.Westenberg Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands

Many of the processes known to take place in biological cells are analyzed in the form of different types of network. The complexity of these networks increases along with our knowledge of these processes, making their analysis more difficult. Network visualization is a powerful analysis method that will have to be developed further to deal with this complexity. This survey provides a brief overview of network visualization in general, followed by an in-depth discussion of its application to three network types specific to cell biology, namely gene regulatory, protein interaction, and metabolic networks. Finally, we discuss the difficulty of visually integrating these network types and trying to compare networks of cells that belong to different organisms.

关键词： gene regulation metabolic network protein interaction visualization

Prospects and challenges of silicon/germanium on-chip optoelectronics

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2010年第2期3卷 143-152页

作者： Erich kasper Institute of Semiconductor Engineering University of Stuttgart

On-chip optoelectronics allows the integration of optoelectronic functions with microelectronics. Recent advances in silicon substrate fabrication(silicon-oninsulator（SOI）) and in heterostructure engineering（SiGe/Si） push this field to compact（chipsize） waveguide systems with high-speed response（50-GHz subsystems realized, potential with above 100 GHz）. In this paper, the application and requirements, the future solutions, the components and the physical effects are discussed.A very high refractive index contrast of the waveguide Si-core/SiO2-cladding is responsible for the submicron line widths and strong bendings realized in chipsize waveguide lines and passive devices. The SiGe/Si heterostructure shifts the accessible wavelength into infrared up to telecommunication wavelengths 1.30–1.55 μm. Germanium, although also an indirect semiconductor as silicon,offers direct optical transitions which are only 140 meV above the dominant indirect one. This is the basic property for realizing high-speed devices for future above 10 GHz on-chip clocks and, eventually, a laser source monolithically integrated on the Si substrate.

关键词： optoelectronics semiconductor circuit silicon germanium silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photodetector modulator waveguide quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE)

Management of decompensated liver cirrhosis in the surgical intensive care unit

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 95-98页

作者： Philipp kasper Tobias Goeser Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage of chronic progressive liver diseases(1).The most common causes of cirrhosis worldwide include alcohol-related liver disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,hepatitis B,hepatitis C,autoimmune liver diseases(e.g.,autoimmune hepatitis),cholestatic liver diseases(e.g.,primary biliary cholangitis,primary sclerosing cholangitis),hemochromatosis or Wilsons’disease(1).

关键词： Liver cirrhosis complications decompensation surgery critical care medicine

Non-breeding movements of the Black-tailed Gull(Larus crassirostris)

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 206-214页

作者： Huan Xia Cecilia Nilsson kasper Thorup Chenxi Jia Fumin Lei Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Center for Macroecology Evolution and ClimateGlobe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2100CopenhagenDenmark Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

With the continued development of tracking technology and increasing interest in animal movement,our understanding of migration behavior has become more ***,there are still many species that have not been well studied,particularly sea ***,we present the first year-round Global Positioning System(GPS)tracking data of the Black-tailed Gull(Larus crassirostris)at the population *** used solar-powered GPS-Global System for Mobile communication(GSM)loggers to successfully track 30 individuals breeding at Xingrentuo Islet,Liaoning Province,China,for 1-3 *** for one individual who roamed in the far north of the Yellow Sea during non-breeding period,all others did a directed southward *** routes and wintering sites differed among migrating gulls and between years for the birds tracked for two or more ***,during wintering,the migrating gulls were more likely to travel over a large body of water and shift sites,and some trajectories were quite complex,which was probably closely related to what we observed in the field about their boat-chasing *** to wintering movements,the post-breeding movements ranged over a smaller ***,almost all of them had a long post-breeding period near the breeding islet(≥120days,<220 km from the breeding islet),and 80%of the gulls who were tracked more than one year had at least one faithful post-breeding *** to the post-breeding period,only approximately half of the migrating gulls had a pre-breeding period that was shorter(3-20 days)and closer to the breeding islet(≤80 km).Migration distance varied among migrating gulls(range 209-2405 km)and the gulls moved least distance during postbreeding ***,we found that the southward movement of the migrating gulls occurred when the temperature near the breeding islet dropped;specifically,the gulls directly migrated southward away from the post-breeding *** results suggest that the B

关键词： Black-tailed Gull GPS tracking Larus crassirostris Migration Post-breeding Pre-breeding Sea bird Wintering

Using NWP to Assess the Influence of the Arctic Atmosphere on Midlatitude Weather and Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 5-13页

作者： Tido SEMMLER Thomas JUNG Marta A.kasper Soumia SERRAR Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research

The influence of the Arctic atmosphere on Northern Hemisphere midlatitude tropospheric weather and climate is explored by comparing the skill of two sets of 14-day weather forecast experiments using the ECMWF model with and without relaxation of the Arctic atmosphere towards ERA-Interim reanalysis data during the integration. Two pathways are identified along which the Arctic influences midlatitude weather: a pronounced one over Asia and Eastern Europe, and a secondary one over North America. In general, linkages are found to be strongest(weakest) during boreal winter(summer) when the amplitude of stationary planetary waves over the Northern Hemisphere is strongest(weakest). No discernible Arctic impact is found over the North Atlantic and North Pacific region, which is consistent with predominantly southwesterly flow. An analysis of the flow-dependence of the linkages shows that anomalous northerly flow conditions increase the Arctic influence on midlatitude weather over the continents. Specifically, an anomalous northerly flow from the Kara Sea towards West Asia leads to cold surface temperature anomalies not only over West Asia but also over Eastern and Central Europe. Finally, the results of this study are discussed in the light of potential midlatitude benefits of improved Arctic prediction capabilities.

关键词： Arctic atmosphere relaxation northern midlatitudes linkage model

Using behavioural economics to understand tax compliance

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Economic and Political Studies 2023年第3期11卷 279-294页

作者： James Alm Matthias kasper Department of Economics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA Faculty of Psychology University of ViennaViennaAustria

‘Behavioural economics’,or the application of methods and evidence from other social sciences to economics,has increased greatly in significance and use in the last two *** this paper,we discuss the basic elements of behavioural *** then assess the applications of behavioural economics to the analysis of tax *** central conclusion is that many,perhaps most,of the recent insights on what motivates tax compliance have flowed directly from behavioural *** conclude with suggestions on–and predictions of–directions in which future applications should prove useful.

关键词： Behavioural economics tax compliance expected utility theory non-expected utility theory social interactions theory

Threat recognition and response in an avian brood-parasite host from New Caledonia

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 255-262页

作者： Alfredo Attisaino kasper Hlebowicz Roman Gula Jorn Theuerkauf Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland Conservation Research New Caledonia La FoaNew Caledonia

Nest predation and avian brood parasitism are the main sources of nest failure in many passerine *** predators threaten both brood and parents,whereas brood parasites pose only a danger to eggs or *** fan-tailed gerygone Gerygone flavolateralis from New Caledonia is subjected to high rates of nest predation by the New Caledonian crow Corvus moneduloides(responsible for about 20-40%of predation)and moderate rates of brood parasitism by the shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus(parasitizing about 18%of nests),which also depredates nests that are too advanced for parasitism(13%of nests).To test if fan-tailed gerygones are able to discriminate predators from brood parasites,we presented 3 bird models at active gerygone nests:a brood parasite/small nest predator(shining bronze-cuckoo),a large nest predator(crow),and a small non-native bird(common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs),which is unknown to the gerygone,as a *** assessed the response of adult gerygones to the presentation of each model by measuring the minimum approach distance,number of alarm calls,number of attacks,and time to first nest visit after the presentation(latency).Adult gerygones often attacked the cuckoo,approached but never attacked the chaffinch and always avoided the *** was shorter after an attack response and during brooding,but similar among *** did not find any link between the cuckoo model presentation and later ejection of cuckoo *** conclude that adult fan-tailed gerygones discriminate between different models and respond accordingly to the level of threat but do not show awareness of parasitism risk and increase of nestling ejection rates following exposure to the cuckoo model.

关键词： brood parasitism enemy recognition frontline defense mobbing nest defense nest predation