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Towards Foreign Tourist at Heritage Sites Using GIS: A Case Study of Lahore

Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 516-526页

作者： Atif ali Raheema Elahi Muhammad Atif Butt Rashid Mehmood kashif Shafique Syed Amer Mahmood Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada Department of Geography Forman Christian College University Lahore Pakistan

Pakistan is potentially a good tourist destination for cultural and heritage overs because the Indus and Gandhara Civilizations, and a great Mughals heritage also exists in Pakistan particularly in Lahore city. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in modern world. This study is based on the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of Lahore. The purpose of the study is to examine the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of the Lahore at Shalimar Gardens, Lahore Fort and Lahore Museum and to find the tourism trend in Lahore whether it is declining or growing high. The secondary source of data was used and data was collected from archeology department, Lahore Museum and Pakistan Year Book of Statics 2014. Tools used for research purpose were Microsoft excel, Microsoft word and ARC GIS. The number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore fort were highest in 2006 i.e. 21,178 this is the highest number of tourists who visited Lahore Fort in 15 years and 2906 lowest number of foreign tourist who visited Lahore fort, at Shalimar Gardens highest number of foreign tourists was 8558 in 2000 and the lowest number was 309 in 2013 and at Lahore Museum in 7242 tourists is the highest number of Foreign tourist who visited museum in 2000 and the lowest number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore Museum was 1825 in 2010. The trend of foreign tourism in Lahore is declining after the incident of nine eleven due to terrorism. But now with the efforts of government and work of Walled city authority foreign tourism industry is growing in Lahore as it is the Queen of cities having major and attractive heritage places for tourist.

关键词： Temporal Analysis foreign Tourism Lahore Fort Shalimar Gardens Lahore Museum

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Experience of Percutaneus Kidney Biopsy from a Tertiary Care Center of Pakistan

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第2期5卷 61-66页

作者： ali Absar Naila Asif Quratulain khan Waqar kashif Aga khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan Liaquat National Hospital Karachi Pakistan

Background: Kidney biopsy is one of the most important tools in the assessment of kidney disease. Knowing the histopathology is important for immediate clinical management. It helps in predicting the long term prognosis and in planning for prevention of chronic kidney disease. Methods: This is a cross section study of percutaneus biopsies of the native kidneys of patients, who presented to the Aga khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan, over ten year period from 2003 to 2012. Age range was 16 to 77 years. Results: Total number of 435 biopsies were included in the study. The most common histopathological findings, regardless of the indication of biopsy were Tubulo Interstitial Nephritis in 15 percent, followed by Membranous Nephropathy in 12 percent, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in 8 percent and Membrano Proliferative Glomerulonephritis also in 8 percent. Conclusion: This study will help in better understanding the spectrum of renal disease in Pakistan. It will guide the clinician in the management and provide a data base or a starting point for the researchers for conducting the controlled and population base studies.

关键词： Kidney Biopsy Pakistan

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Application of ferrous sulfate alleviates negative impact of cadmium in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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BIOCELL 2021年第6期45卷 1631-1649页

作者： JAVARIA AFZAL XIUKANG WANG MUHAMMAD HAMZAH SALEEM XUECHENG SUN SHAHID HUSSAIN IMRAN khan MUHAMMAD SHOAIB RANA SHAKEEL AHMED SAMRAH AFZAL AWAN SAJID FIAZ OMAR AZIZ kashif ali KUBAR SHAFAQAT ali CHENGXIAO HU Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Soil Science Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam70060Pakistan College of Life Sciences Yan’an UniversityYan’an716000China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Schools of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of Grassland Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Instituto de Farmacia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdivia5110566Chile Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics The University of HaripurKhyber Pakhtunkhwa22620Pakistan Department of Soil&Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadSub-Campus DepalpurOkaraPakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of AgricultureWater and Marine SciencesUthal90150Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences and Technology China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan

Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals[such as cadmium(Cd)]is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social ***(Fe),being an important element,has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic *** present study investigated the extent to which different levels of Ferrous sulphate(FeSO_(4))modulated the Cd tolerance of rice(Oryza sativa L.),when maintained in artificially Cd spiked regimes.A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days,by using natural soil,mixed with different levels of CdCl_(2)[0(no Cd),0.5 and 1 mg/kg]together with the exogenous application of FeSO_(4) at[0(no Fe),1.5 and 3 mg/kg]levels to monitor different growth,gaseous exchange characteristics,oxidative stress,antioxidative responses,minerals accumulation,organic acid exudation patterns of *** results depicted that addition of Cd to the soil significantly(P<0.05)decreased plant growth and biomass,gaseous exchange parameters,mineral uptake by the plants,sugars(soluble,reducing,and non-reducing sugar)and altered the ultrastructure of chloroplasts,plastoglobuli,mitochondria,and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed *** compared to those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the ***,Cd toxicity boosted the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),which is the indication of oxidative stress in *** and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))contents and electrolyte leakage to the membrane bounded ***,activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and non-enzymatic antioxidants like phenolics,flavonoid,ascorbic acid,anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compar

关键词： Antioxidants Defense mechanism Heavy metals Iron Organic acids exudation

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Molecular detection of Leishmania species in human and animals from cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic areas of Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第8期11卷 495-500页

作者： Mubashir Hussain Shahzad Munir Abdullah Jalal Taj ali khan Niaz Muhammad Bahar Ullah Khattak Abdullah khan Irfan Ahmed Zulqarnain Baloch Nawaz Haider Bashir Muhammad Ameen Jamal kashif Rahim Humaira Mazhar Maira Riaz Noha Watany Vector Borne Diseases Lab Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Faculty of Plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural University Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering The University of AgriculturePeshawar Pakistan Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Yunnan Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Department of Animal Breeding Genetics and Reproduction Yunnan Agricultural University Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Vector Biology Research Lab US Naval Medical Research Unit 3

Objectives: To detect Leishmania species in human patients, animal reservoirs and Phlebotomus sandflies in Waziristan, Pakistan. Methods: Tissue smears and aspirates from 448 cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) suspected patients were analyzed. To sort out role of the reservoir hosts, skin scrapings, spleen and liver samples from 104 rodents were collected. Furthermore, buffy coat samples were obtained from 60 domestic animals. Sandflies were also trapped. All human, animals and sandfly samples were tested by microscopy, kinetoplastic PCR and internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1) PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for detection of Leishmania species. Results: An overall prevalence of 3.83% and 5.21% through microscopy and ITS1 PCR respectively was found. However, the statistically non-significant correlation was found between area, gender, and number of lesions. The presence of rodents, sandflies, domestic animals and internally displaced people increased the risk of CL. Using ITS1-PCR-RFLP, Leishmania tropica(L. tropica) was confirmed in 106 samples while 25 of the isolates were diagnosed as Leishmania major(L. major). Similarly, 3/104 rodents were positive for L. major and 14 pools of DNA samples containing Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies were positive for L. tropica. None of samples from domestic animals were positive for leishmaniasis. Conclusions: In the present study, L. tropica and L. major are found to be the main causative agents of CL in study area. Movement of internally displaced people from CL endemic areas presents a risk for nearby CL free areas. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time L. major infection in rodents(Rattus rattus) and L. tropica in Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies trapped in Waziristan, Pakistan.

关键词： Leishmania major Rodents Cutaneous leishmaniasis Domestic animals ITS 1 PCR Waziristan

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CNR:A Cluster-Based Solution for Connectivity Restoration for Mobile WSNs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3413-3427页

作者： Mahmood ul Hassan Amin Al-Awady Khalid Mahmood Shahzad ali Ibrahim Algamdi Muhammad kashif Saeed Safdar Zaman Department of Computer Skills Najran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTabarjal76769Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63317Saudi Arabia Federal Directorate of Education Department of Computer ScienceIslamabad44000Pakistan

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are an integral part of the Internet of Things(IoT)and are widely used in a plethora of ***,sensor networks operate in harsh environments where human intervention is often restricted,which makes battery replacement for sensor nodes *** failure due to battery drainage or harsh environmental conditions poses serious challenges to the connectivity of the *** a connectivity restoration mechanism,node failures ultimately lead to a network partition,which affects the basic function of the sensor ***,the research community actively concentrates on addressing and solving the challenges associated with connectivity restoration in sensor *** energy is a scarce resource in sensor networks,it becomes the focus of research,and researchers strive to propose new solutions that are energy *** common issue that is well studied and considered is how to increase the network’s life span by solving the node failure problem and achieving efficient energy *** paper introduces a Clusterbased Node Recovery(CNR)connectivity restoration mechanism based on the concept of *** is a well-known mechanism in sensor networks,and it is known for its energy-efficient operation and *** proposed technique utilizes a distributed cluster-based approach to identify the failed nodes,while Cluster Heads(CHs)play a significant role in the restoration of *** simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique and compare it with the existing *** simulation results show that the proposed technique efficiently addresses node failure and restores connectivity by moving fewer nodes than other existing connectivity restoration *** proposed mechanism also yields an improved field coverage as well as a lesser number of packets exchanged as compared to existing state-of-the-art mechanisms.

关键词： WSNs CHs CNR transmission range connectivity restoration node failure cluster communication range

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Phosphorus Solubility from Rock Phosphate Mixed Compost with Sulphur Application and Its Effect on Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Wheat Crop

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第12期7卷 401-429页

作者： kashif khan Muhammad Sharif Imran Azeem Ibadullah Adnan Anwar khan Sajid ali Imran khan Aamir khan Department of Soil and Environmental Science Faculty of Crop Production Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phosphate mixed compost on phosphorus (P) solubility and its effect on yield and P uptake of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 with plot size of 3 m × 5 m. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at the rate of 120, 90 and 60 kg·ha-1 in the form of urea, compost, or single super phosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively. Elemental sulphur was applied at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 kg·ha-1 at the time of sowing. Results showed that sulphur applied with compost significantly improved wheat yield and yield components, soil organic matter, soil total N and AB-DTPA extractable P contents, plant N and P concentrations and their uptake, plant micronutrients concentration and their uptakes. No significant changes were noted in soil pH, ECe and lime contents. Maximum grain yield of 4076 kg·ha-1, total dry matter yield 9721 kg·ha-1, straw yield 5644 kg·ha-1, plant height 98.3 cm, spike length 11.2 cm, grain per spike 61.0, thousand grain weight 50.2 g were recorded on the application of S at the rate 20 kg·ha-1 with compost. The highest soil organic matter content of 1.41% was found for the application of S at the rate of 10 kg·ha-1 with compost. Maximum soil total N content of 1756 mg·kg-1 and P 5.7 mg·kg-1 were observed by the application of double recommended S with compost. Plant N uptakes of 125.7 kg·ha-1, and P uptake of 17.5 kg·ha-1, were maximum with application of compost and S @ 20 kg·ha-1. Highest plant uptake of Fe 0.56 kg·ha-1, Zn 0.41 kg·ha-1, Cu 0.16 kg·ha-1 and Mn 0.93 kg·ha-1 were found by the application of full recommended S with compost. Results suggested that S at the rate of 20 kg·ha-1 application with com

关键词： Phosphorus Solubility Rock Phosphate Compost Sulphur Wheat Crop

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Multi-Modal Data Analysis Based Game Player Experience Modeling Using LSTM-DNN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 4087-4108页

作者： Sehar Shahzad Farooq Mustansar Fiaz Irfan Mehmood ali kashif Bashir Raheel Nawaz KyungJoong Kim Soon Ki Jung School of Computer Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Faculty of Engineering&Informatics School of MediaDesign and TechnologyUniversity of BradfordBradfordBD71DPUK Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Department of Operations TechnologyEvents and Hospitality ManagementManchester Metropolitan UniversityUK Institute of Integrated Technology Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyKorea

Game player modeling is a paradigm of computational models to exploit players’behavior and experience using game and player *** modeling refers to descriptions of players based on frameworks of data derived from the interaction of a player’s behavior within the game as well as the player’s experience with the *** behavior focuses on dynamic and static information gathered at the time of *** experience concerns the association of the human player during gameplay,which is based on cognitive and affective physiological measurements collected from sensors mounted on the player’s body or in the player’s *** this paper,player experience modeling is studied based on the board puzzle game“Candy Crush Saga”using cognitive data of players accessed by physiological and peripheral *** Short-Term Memory-based Deep Neural Network(LSTM-DNN)is used to predict players’effective states in terms of valence,arousal,dominance,and liking by employing the concept of transfer *** learning focuses on gaining knowledge while solving one problem and using the same knowledge to solve different but related *** homogeneous transfer learning approach has not been implemented in the game domain before,and this novel study opens a new research area for the game industry where the main challenge is predicting the significance of innovative games for entertainment and players’*** not only from a player’s point of view,it is also a benchmark study for game developers who have been facing problems of“cold start”for innovative games that strengthen the game industrial economy.

关键词： Game player modeling experience modeling player analytics deep learning LSTM game play data Candy Crush Saga

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Argemone mexicana extract alleviates gastrointestinal disorders by stimulating muscarinic receptors and blocking voltage-gated L-type calcium channels

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第5期11卷 214-221页

作者： Rabia Iqbal Irfan Hamid Khalid Hussain Janbaz Muhammad Furqan Akhtar Ammara Saleem ali Sharif Sohaib Peerzada Bushra Akhtar kashif Sohail Sajid ali Faculty of Pharmacy The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Cadson College of Pharmacy University of the PunjabLahorePakistan Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahorePakistan Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied health SciencesLahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan Institute of Pharmacy Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Akson College of Pharmacy Mirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpurAJKPakistan

Objective:To investigate the pharmacological potential of Argemone mexicana in treating constipation and emesis by using in vitro and in vivo ***:The spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects were evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum fragments loaded in a tissue organ *** response was recorded with an isotonic transducer attached with Power Lab Data Acquisition *** laxative and antiemetic activities were assessed in BALB-c mice and poultry chicks challenged with carbamylcholine and copper sulphate stimulated emesis,***:The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the extract were(267.75±5.77)mg GAE/g and(73.86±6.01)mg QE/g,*** mexicana extract exerted spasmogenic effect on isolated rabbit jejunum segments with an EC_(50)value of 0.016 mg/m L,which was blocked by atropine(0.3μM).Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmolytic effect in atropine treated jejunum fragments with an EC_(50)value of 2.185 mg/***,Argemone mexicana extract relaxed potassium(80 mM)-induced contractions(EC_(50):9.07 mg/mL),similar to a standard drug *** calcium channel blocker activity was confirmed by a rightward shift of concentration-response curve of calcium in the presence of Argemone mexicana extract(1-5 mg/mL)and verapamil(0.1-1μM).In addition,the extract increased the distance travelled by a charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract and exhibited antiemetic effect on copper sulphate induced emesis in ***:Argemone mexicana shows cholinergic agonist and calcium channel blocker activities,as well as antiemetic *** may be used as a potential agent for treating gastrointestinal disorders.

关键词： Argemone mexicana Muscarinic agonist Calcium channel blocker Constipation Emesis

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An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique(ECRT)for Wireless Sensor Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1003-1019页

作者： Mahmood ul Hassan Shahzad ali Khalid Mahmood Muhammad kashif Saeed Amin Al-Awady Kamran Javed Ansar Munir Shah Department of Computer Skills Preparatory yearNajran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTubarjal74769Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63718Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering National University of Technology(NUTECH)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60000Pakistan

Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile *** failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor *** deal with such situations,a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node *** to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism,several different approaches are proposed in the ***,the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity ***,most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility of nodes for restoration connectivity that affects both coverage and energy *** paper proposes a novel technique called ECRT(Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique).This technique is capable of restoring connectivity due to single and multiple node *** achieves energy efficiency by transmitting a minimal number of control *** is also coverage-aware as it relocates minimal nodes while trying to restore *** the help of extensive simulations,it is proven that ECRT is effective in connectivity restoration for single and multiple node *** also show that ECRT exchanges a much smaller number of packets than other ***,it also yields the least reduction in field coverage,proving its versatility for connectivity restoration.

关键词： Cut-vertex failure recovery network connectivity node relocation wireless sensor network node failures

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Differential elastic scattering cross sections of protons from Al in 2.4–4.8 MeV energy range

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2016年第2期27卷 97-100页

作者： kashif Shahzad Faisal J. Qureshi Javeria Taj ali Awais Javaid Hussain Waheed Akram Shehla Honey Ishaq Ahmad Maaza Malik National Center for Physics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000 Pakistan UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/ Nanotechnology College of Graduate Studies University of South Africa Muckleneuk Ridge PO Box 392 Pretoria South Africa Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET) iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation 1 Old Faure Road Somerset West 7129 PO Box 722 Somerset West Western Cape Province South Africa

Measurement of differential elastic cross section of protons from aluminum was taken at 165° degree in the2.4–4.8 Me V energy range. The results and measured energy resonances were compared with reported *** data wi... 详细信息

关键词：能量范围微分截面弹性散射质子电子铝能量共振后向散射

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