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Expression profiling of transgenes(Cry1Ac and Cry2A) in cotton genotypes under different genetic backgrounds

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 2818-2832页

作者： kashif NOOR Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA Asif Ali KHAN Rao Sohail Ahmad KHAN Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of AgricultureMultan 60000Pakistan Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan

Transgenic cotton carrying the CrylAc gene has revolutionized insect pest control since its adoption,although the development of resistance in insect pests has reduced its *** 10 years of cultivating Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton with a single Cry1 Ac gene,growers are on the verge of adopting Bt cotton that carries the double gene(Cry1 Ac+Cry2 A)due to its better effectiveness against insect ***,the current study was designed to evaluate the role of each gene in the effectiveness of Bt cotton carrying the double *** expression levels of the Cry1 Ac and Cry2 A genes were evaluated in the leaves of 10 genotypes(2 parents and 8 Fhybrids)at 30 days after sowing(DAS),while samples of leaves,bolls and flowers were taken from the upper and lower canopies at 70 and 110 *** Fhybrids were developed through reciprocal crosses between two Bt(CKC-1,CKC-2)and two non-Bt(MNH-786,FH-942)*** differential expression of transgenes was evaluated through Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELISA).The results showed that the MNH786 xCKC-1 hybrid had the highest concentrations of Cry1 Ac gene at30 DAS(3.08μg g^(-1))and 110 DAS(1.01μg g^(-1))in *** contrast,the CKC-2 xMNH-786 hybrid showed the lowest concentrations of Cry1 Ac gene at 30 DAS(2.30μg g^(-1))and 110 DAS(0.86μg g^(-1)).The Fhybrid FH-942×CKC-2 showed the highest concentrations of Cry2 A gene at 30 DAS(8.39μg g^(-1))and 110 DAS(7.74μg g^(-1))in leaves,while the CKC-1 xMNH-786 hybrid expressed the lowest concentrations of Cry2 A gene at 30 DAS(7.10μg g^(-1))and 110 DAS(8.31μg g^(-1)).A comparison between the two stages of plant growth showed that leaves had the highest concentrations at 30 DAS,whereas the lowest concentrations were observed at 110 DAS for both genes in *** the expression pattern was compared between various plant parts in genotype CKC-2,it was found that leaves had higher concentrations of Cry1 Ac(3.12μg g^(-1))and Cry2 A(8.31μg g^(-1))at 70 DAS,followed by bolls

关键词： transgenic cotton breeding transgene expression double gene insect resistance

Advances in fungal-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metals:A review

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 475-495页

作者： Muhammad KHALID Saeed UR-RAHMAN Danial HASSANI kashif HAYAT Pei ZHOU Nan HUI Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(South)of Ministry of AgriculturePlant Biotechnology Research CenterFudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D CenterSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Trace metals such as manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)are essential for many biological processes in plant life ***,in excess,they can be toxic and disrupt plant growth processes,which is economically undesirable for crop *** this reason,processes such as homeostasis and transport control of these trace metals are of constant interest to scientists studying heavily contaminated *** is a promising cleanup technology for soils polluted with heavy ***,this technique has some disadvantages,such as the slow growth rate of metal-accumulating plant species,low bioavailability of heavy metals,and long duration of ***-assisted phytoremediation is a promising strategy for hyperaccumulating,detoxifying,or remediating soil *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are found in association with almost all plants,contributing to their healthy performance and providing resistance against environmental *** colonize plant roots and extend their hyphae to the rhizosphere region,assisting in mineral nutrient uptake and regulation of heavy metal *** fungi exist in every healthy plant tissue and provide enormous services to their host plants,including growth enhancement by nutrient acquisition,detoxification of heavy metals,secondary metabolite regulation,and enhancement of abiotic/biotic stress *** aim of the present work is to review the recent literature regarding the role of AMF and endophytic fungi in plant heavy metal tolerance in terms of its regulation in highly contaminated conditions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi bioremediation endophytic fungi environmental stress metal tolerance microbe plant transporter soil contaminant

Reservoir characteristics of Datta Formation (Early Jurassic), Marwat-Khisor Ranges, sub-Himalayas, Pakistan

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Petroleum Science 2023年第4期20卷 2026-2044页

作者： Muhammad Tariq Muhammad kashif Noor Ahmed Zaheen Ullah Jose Nicanor Mendez Muhammad Armaghan Faisal Miraj Department of Earth Sciences University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Geosciences University of BaltistanSkarduPakistan School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao266580China Institute of Geology University of the PunjabLahorePakistan

The present work has been accomplished to carry out a detailed study of the characteristics of the Early Jurassic Datta Formation of Trans-Indus Ranges, Pakistan. The discovery of Saib well-1 (Gas and condensate discovery from Jurassic limestone) in the study basin takes an active interest in carrying out extensive exploration activities in the same basin. Jurassic rocks especially Datta Sandstone and Samana Suk Limestone are acting as good reservoirs. The study unit consists of variegated sandstone interbedded with siltstone, carbonaceous clay, and shale and coal stringer. For the current work, two stratigraphic sections (Pezu and Abbo Wanda) have been measured. To examine its sedimentology, depositional environment, diagenetic settings, and reservoir characteristics, a detailed study was conducted and various laboratory techniques have been utilized. About 95 rock samples from the bottom to the top of both sections were collected, and 50 rock samples have been selected for thin section analysis and were examined under a polarizing microscope to show their mineralogical composition, diagenesis, and their reservoir characteristics. XRD (X-ray diffraction), Cathodoluminescence (CL), SEM (Scanning electron microscope) with EDS (Energy-dispersive spectroscope), and Core plug porosity and permeability analysis have been used to interpret its chemical and mineralogical composition and its reservoir characteristics, respectively. Based on field observations and thin section analysis, four depositional facies and six lithofacies have been established. The sedimentary structures, depositional facies, and lithofacies indicate that Datta Formation was deposited in a deltaic environment. Compactions, cementation, fracturing and dissolution can greatly affect the quality of reservoir rock. Based on thin section and SEM analysis, large numbers of primary pores, fracture and secondary pores were observed and connectivity between the pores is good, and at some places, these pores

关键词： Reservoir characteristics Jurassic Datta Formation Porosity.permeability Sandstone

Handling Class Imbalance in Online Transaction Fraud Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2861-2877页

作者： Kanika Jimmy Singla Ali kashif Bashir Yunyoung Nam Najam UI Hasan Usman Tariq School of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPunjabIndia Department of Computing and Mathematics ManchesterMetropolitan UniversityUK&School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceNational University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dhofar UniversitySalalahOman College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia

With the rise of internet facilities,a greater number of people have started doing online transactions at an exponential rate in recent years as the online transaction system has eliminated the need of going to the bank physically for every ***,the fraud cases have also increased causing the loss of money to the ***,an effective fraud detection system is the need of the hour which can detect fraudulent transactions automatically in ***,the genuine transactions are large in number than the fraudulent transactions which leads to the class imbalance *** this research work,an online transaction fraud detection system using deep learning has been proposed which can handle class imbalance problem by applying algorithm-level methods which modify the learning of the model to focus more on the minority class i.e.,fraud transactions.A novel loss function named Weighted Hard-Reduced Focal Loss(WH-RFL)has been proposed which has achieved maximum fraud detection rate i.e.,True PositiveRate(TPR)at the cost of misclassification of few genuine transactions as high TPR is preferred over a high True Negative Rate(TNR)in fraud detection system and same has been demonstrated using three publicly available imbalanced transactional ***,Thresholding has been applied to optimize the decision threshold using cross-validation to detect maximum number of frauds and it has been demonstrated by the experimental results that the selection of the right thresholding method with deep learning yields better results.

关键词： Class imbalance deep learning fraud detection loss function thresholding

Elemental profile of black shales

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2011年第2期30卷 217-219页

作者： kashif Naeem WASIM Yawar TARIQ M.Bhatti BASHIR Mohammad Central Analytical Facility Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and TechnologyP.O.NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences P.O.NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan

A black shale sample collected from the Chimiari site(Tarbela) was analyzed for elemental *** coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) was employed to determine major and trace elements in the *** analysis was accomplished for the black shales,which was better than 2.0%.Result shows that the shales are very rich in Ca(25439 μg·g-1),Fe(13933 μg·g-1),Ti(6932 μg·g-1),Al(5993 μg·g-1) and K(2730 μg·g-1).

关键词：黑页岩 ICP-OES 踪迹元素

Loan growth and bank solvency:evidence from the Pakistani banking sector

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Financial Innovation 2016年第1期2卷 292-304页

作者： Muhammad kashif Syed Faizan Iftikhar Khurram Iftikhar Applied Economics Research Centre University of KarachiKarachiPakistan

Background:The dramatic loan growth and changes in the Pakistani banking system in mid-2000s have led to significant research attention on borrowers and *** expansion and diversification in financial sector was driven by structural reforms,political stability and significant economic *** this background,this study investigates the loan growth and risk-taking behavior of the banks during the expansionary periods of ***:This study used dynamic two-step system generalized method of moment’s estimation technique,based on data taken from 32 banks in Pakistan over ***:Loan growth has a significant effect on bank-specific and macroeconomicspecific *** growth in the previous year raises non-performing loans and decreases the solvency of banks with a time lag of many *** driving force behind this phenomenon is weak prudential regulation among competitors,the asymmetric information of the borrowers,and,most importantly,that banks underestimate the risk of lending during credit ***:More regulatory measures are required to ensure a strong financial system when the volume of non-performing loan grows *** increase in the capital requirement policy for rapidly growing banks is also needed because the problem of abnormal loan growth cannot be detected at the current *** the same time,strong supervision is necessary to avoid the adverse consequences of borrower selection.

关键词： Loan growth Non-performing loans Bank solvency

Prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Review of cardiovascular safety and efficacy of newer diabetes medications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第6期10卷 324-332页

作者： Ravi Kant kashif M Munir Arshpreet Kaur Vipin Verma Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Medical University of South Carolina/Anmed Campus Anderson SC 29621 United States Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 United States Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Sinai Hospital Baltimore MD 21215 United States Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina/Anmed Campus Anderson SC 29621 United States

Lack of conclusive beneficial effects of strict glycemic control on macrovascular complications has been very frustrating for clinicians involved in care of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Highly publicized controversy surrounding cardiovascular (CV) safety of rosiglitazone resulted in major changes in United States Food and Drug Administration policy in 2008 regarding approval process of new antidiabetic medications, which has resulted in revolutionary data from several large CV outcome trials over the last few years. All drugs in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor classes have shown to be CV safe with heterogeneous results on CV efficacy. Given twofold higher CV disease mortality in patients with DM than without DM, GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2-inhibitors are important additions to clinician’s armamentarium and should be second line-therapy particularly in patients with T2DM and established atherosclerotic CV disease or high risks for CV disease. Abundance of data and heterogeneity in CV outcome trials results can make it difficult for clinicians, particularly primary care physicians, to stay updated with all the recent evidence. The scope of this comprehensive review will focus on all major CV outcome studies evaluating CV safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors.

关键词： Newer antidiabetic medications Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Type 2 diabetes mellitus Macrovascular complications Cardiovascular outcome trials Major cardiovascular events Heart failure Prevention of heart disease

Difficulty-aware prior-guided hierarchical network for adaptive segmentation of breast tumors

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 127-141页

作者： Sumaira HUSSAIN Xiaoming XI Inam ULLAH Syeda Wajiha NAIM kashif SHAHEED Cuihuan TIAN Yilong YIN School of Software Engineering Shandong University Department of Computer Science Sindh Madressatul Islam University School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong Jianzhu University School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology School of Medicine Shandong University Health Management Center Qilu Hospital of Shandong University

Breast tumor segmentation is vital to tumor detection at the early stages. Deep learning methods are typically used in automatic tumor segmentation tasks. However, in existing methods, the difference between pixels is disregarded, and the union network architecture is used to segment all pixels; these methods involve a tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency. A novel, difficulty-aware, prior-guided hierarchical network for the adaptive segmentation of breast tumors is presented herein. A difficulty prior learning module is proposed to learn the pixel’s difficulty prior to guild adaptive segmentation in the proposed network. To achieve a more accurate segmentation of hard pixels, a hard pixel processing unit is presented to learn more discriminative features for hard pixels. Experiments are conducted based on three datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed methods outperform traditional deep learning methods and achieve a balance between accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： breast tumor ultrasound image segmentation deep neural network difficulty-awareness

Secure and Reliable Routing in the Internet of Vehicles Network:AODV-RL with BHA Attack Defense

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 633-659页

作者： Nadeem Ahmed Khalid Mohammadani Ali kashif Bashir Marwan Omar Angel Jones Fayaz Hassan School of Electronic Science Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100086China Department of Computer Science Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabad502345India Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Information Technology and Management Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoUSA College of Computing Capital Technology UniversityLaurelUSA

Wireless technology is transforming the future of transportation through the development of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,intricate security challenges are intertwinedwith technological progress:Vehicular ad hoc Networks(VANETs),a core component of IoV,face security issues,particularly the Black Hole Attack(BHA).This malicious attack disrupts the seamless flow of data and threatens the network’s overall reliability;also,BHA strategically disrupts communication pathways by dropping data packets from legitimate nodes *** the importance of this challenge,we have introduced a new solution called ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Reputation-based mechanism Local Outlier Factor(AODV-RL).The significance of AODVRL lies in its unique approach:it verifies and confirms the trustworthiness of network components,providing robust protection against *** additional safety layer is established by implementing the Local Outlier Factor(LOF),which detects and addresses abnormal network *** testing of our solution has revealed its remarkable ability to enhance communication in ***,Our experimental results achieve message delivery ratios of up to 94.25%andminimal packet loss ratios of just 0.297%.Based on our experimental results,the proposedmechanismsignificantly improves VANET communication reliability and *** results promise a more secure and dependable future for IoV,capable of transforming transportation safety and efficiency.

关键词： Black hole attack IoV vehicular ad hoc network AODV routing protocol