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Design of a Social Marketing Plan on Salt Reduction for the Control and Treatment of Noncommunicable Diseases in Costa Rica

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1057-1077页

作者： Adriana Blanco-Metzler Hilda Patricia Nuñez-Rivas Marlene Roselló-Araya Karol Madriz-Morales karla Benavides-Aguilar Marco Castro-Araya Unit of Health and Nutrition Costa Rican Institute of Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health Tres Rios Costa Rica Dirección de investigación y Tecnologías en Salud Ministerio de Salud San José Costa Rica independent Researcher Tres Rios Costa Rica Dirección de Atención al Cliente Ministerio de Salud San José Costa Rica

High blood pressure and other non-communicable diseases associated with excessive salt/sodium consumption represent a major challenge to the health of the world’s population. Consumption is a human behavior that is usually influenced by significant factors, internal and external to people. The design of a national social marketing intervention is described. The whole process was developed by a national interdisciplinary team over the course of a decade (2011-2022). its purpose is to promote changes in this behavior, through gradual reduction of salt/sodium consumption in the target populations of Costa Rica, for the prevention and control of associated diseases. The process includes four phases: research, situation analysis, creation of a proposal for the social marketing strategy, and implementation and evaluation. Last phase was not developed by the research team. The main inputs used to design this intervention were the data generated in three qualitative researchers carried out by the national work team and the social marketing regional plan for salt consumption reduction in Latin America. By analyzing these research data, marketing mix components were determined for designing the intervention. The marketing strategy is promotional and is based on encouraging a natural diet with less sodium using natural seasonings and adding less discretional salt and industrialized products high in sodium, in the preparation of food and dishes. The primary key audience is the mother of the school-aged child, and the secondary is the adult caregivers of this child. it is expected that in the short term, health promoters from different government and non-state sectors will contribute to the implementation of the national social marketing plan, to achieve, in the medium or long term, a consumption that approaches five grams of salt per person per day. This plan is a country initiative to position the value of a natural diet with less sodium and to contribute to the prevention and

关键词： Salt Social Marketing Behavior Change Noncommunicable Diseases Sodium

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在室内模拟真实的地表结构变化——利用侵蚀实验模具实现科学与工程实践的有机结合

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中国科技教育 2014年第6期 32-39页

作者： Allison Goldberg John Davis karla Eitel 张奇美国科罗拉多州丹佛市McAuliffe国际学校美国爱达荷州Moscow的爱达荷大学美国爱达荷大学环境保护社会科学系爱达荷大学McCall户外科学学校中国科协青少年科技中心

在《新一代科学教育标准》中，科学概念与特定的科学、工程实践紧密相关（NGSS Lead States,2013;见“与《北一代科学教育标准》的关联”）。本文介绍的课堂活动把户外真实的自然现象带到了中学地球科学的课程中来，

关键词：科学教育标准工程实践结构变化模具实验侵蚀利用拟真

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末代王陵

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新发现 2013年第6期 56-66页

作者： Emilie Rauscher karla Gachet 缪伶超(编译)

团团轻雾缓缓攀上山坡．缭绕雾气中．声音也变得绵软无力，一切都像睡着了似的……波澜不惊的表面下其实暗流涌动一支小型考察队正在渡河，队员们似乎比缠绕山丘流淌的湍急河水还要兴奋；早一步过河的先头部队也不见得更平静．他们两眼... 详细信息

团团轻雾缓缓攀上山坡．缭绕雾气中．声音也变得绵软无力，一切都像睡着了似的……波澜不惊的表面下其实暗流涌动一支小型考察队正在渡河，队员们似乎比缠绕山丘流淌的湍急河水还要兴奋；早一步过河的先头部队也不见得更平静．他们两眼放光，指着蜿蜒在半野生植被中的石阶，向刚到的队员讲述着什么，那里有几块凿得异常平整的巨大石块。

关键词：王陵历史学家考古家考古发现

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Effect of adult leader participation on physical activity in children

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第4期2卷 429-435页

作者： Tanis J. Hastmann karla E. Foster Richard R. Rosenkranz Sara K. Rosenkranz David A. Dzewaltowski Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati USA Department of Human Nutrition Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Kinesiology Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Physical Education Exercise Science & Wellness University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

Background: Participation in physically active games is one way to increase energy expendture in children. However, it is unknown whether adult leader participation (LP) in games can impact children’s physical activity (PA) levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of LP compared to no LP on PA levels among children participating in organized active games. Methods: Children (n = 14) in grades 4-6 (Male = 42.8%, White = 50%, Overweight/ Obese = 42.8%) participated in four active games across two consecutive days. Each day, children participated in two 16-minute games and received verbal encouragement from an adult leader. Each game was divided into four-minute intervals alternating between LP or no LP. LP was counter-balanced across two days. Each child wore an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) was determined by Freedson’s MET prediction. Data were analyzed using a condition (LP or no LP) by game repeated-measures ANCOVA. Results: Children participated in MVPA 52.3% of game time across all games. There were no differences in MVPA, VPA, and SB by gender, weight status, or ethnicity. LP and no LP conditions were not different for MVPA, VPA, or SB. Conclusions: These results show no effect of LP on PA in children during active games. it may be that LP could not increase PA because the children were already exhibiting high levels of MVPA.

关键词： Accelerometer Obesity Exercise Evidence-Based Research

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Repeatability of Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Wheat

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 1607-1613页

作者： Eduardo Stefani Pagliosa Valeria Carpentieri-Pipolo Deoclécio Domingos Garbuglio Thiago Henrique Oro karla Bianca de Almeida Lopes Claudemir Zucareli Agricultural Research institute of Paraná State—iAPAR Londrina Brazil State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil

This study aimed to detect genotypic differences in the resistance to sprouting of wheat grains, evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for inducing sprouting and identify, using repeatability estimates, the minimum number of spikes necessary for the adequate evaluation of the percentage of grain sprouting in the spike in order to assist in the selection of superior genotypes in breeding programs. Spikes from four wheat cultivars (Frontana, iPR Catuara, Quartzo and BRS 220) were evaluated using three methods for inducing grain sprouting in the spike (water immersion, rainfall simulation and germination chamber). To determine the most efficient method, repeatability coefficients were estimated through analysis of variance, principal components analysis and structural analysis based on correlation and covariance matrices. The induction of sprouting by immersion in water was the most effective method for indicating genotypic differences and may be used in breeding programs for this purpose. The repeatability method based on the components of covariance was more efficient. A minimum of 11 spikes is required to make a high-reliability estimate of the percentage of sprouted grains in the spike.

关键词： Triticum aestivum Rainfall Simulator Repeatability

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Burden of COViD-19 in a Hemodialysis Center in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第3期12卷 293-302页

作者： Mahamat Maimouna Hermine Fouda Menye Victorine Nzana Grace Nkoro Aristide Nono karla Acha Mukwelle François Jerôme Kaze Folefack Gloria Ashuntantang Department of internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé General Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: The current COViD-19 pandemic remains a great challenge to healthcare workers, especially caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. Despite the advances in knowledge on COViD-19, data on COViD-19 in haemodialysis (HD) remains rare in Africa. Methods: We conducted a review of records from 2020 May 13th to 2021 June 24th in the HD center of Yaoundé General Hospital. All staff and patients in the HD unit were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data and patient outcome data were collected. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 software (Chicago, iL). Results: in all 30 HD patients and 3 staff members were positive for COViD-19 during the period. The median age of the infected population was 56 years (37.25 - 62). The median dialysis vintage was 42 months (24 - 96). Hypertension (73.3%) and diabetes (36.6%) were frequent comorbidities. About 10% (n = 3) were asymptomatic whereas those who were symptomatic had a mean duration of symptoms of 7 ± 5.6 days. Fatigue (23/30), fever (21/30), cough (14/30) and diarrhoea (11/30) were the main symptoms. Oxygen saturation was low in 36.6% (n = 11) ranging from 82% - 89%. About 50% were admitted in hospital for social isolation;there was no admission in intensive care unit. Three patients (10%) died: 2 for respiratory distress and 1 for severe anaemia. Laboratory test was done in 60% (n = 18) of case and revealed in 72.2% (n = 13) patients low lymphocytes count (median 896/mm3 [800 - 1513]) and anaemia in 77.7% (median 8.5 g/dl [7.5 - 9.8]). Conclusions: HD patients are highly susceptible and HD centres are high risk areas during the outbreak of COViD-19 pandemic.

关键词： COViD-19 Hemodialysis Sub-Saharan Africa

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Study and Characterization of （KxSr1-x）CrOz, x = 0.10-0.50System

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2018年第4期8卷 150-160页

作者： Gustavo Antonio Jiménez-García Elizabeth Chavira Jesús Arenas Adriana Tejeda karla Eriseth MoralesReyes Josué Esaú Romero-ibarra Jorge Barreto institute of Materials Research National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City 04510 Mexico Faculty of Chemistry National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City 04510 Mexico institute of Physics National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City 04510 Mexico

Studies of thermodynamic, electric and magnetic properties were conducted on the （KxSr1-x）CrOz, x = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.50system; adjusted for different crystal sizes （polycrystalline, nano-crystalline and single crystals）. For polycrystals, a solid-statereaction method was used （room temperature, TR, up to 665 °C）. Nano-crystals, a crushing technique with a mechanical mortar wereprocessed at TR. Single crystals were acquired, through fusion method starting from polycrystals pre-manufactured （665 °C） over900 °C. For the methods described above, they all were worked at atmospheric pressure. Studying the thermodynamic in the crystalsmixture were obtained by TGA （thermogravimetric analysis） and DSC （differential scanning calorimetry）. Powder XRD （X-raydiffraction） in the manual grinding mixture a SrCO3 solid solution, at TR was detected. When increasing the temperature, a solidsolution of K2Sr（CrO4）2 is formed. By HRTEM （high-resolution transmission electronic microscope）, crystal sizes 4-12 nm were seen.（K0.50Sr0.50）CrOz composition presents a weak ferromagnetic and an insulating behavior.

关键词： Solid-state reaction solid solutions TGA-DSC XRD HRTEM magnetic behavior

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Pattern of Alcohol Consumption in Registered Users of a Family Health Unit

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Health 2014年第11期6卷 1172-1179页

作者： Jerssika karla Sobreira da Silva Fernanda Jorge Guimar&atilde es Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque Perrelli Zailde Carvalho dos Santos Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca Department of Nursing Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Ant&atilde o Brazil Department of Nursing Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza Brazil

The alcohol abuse is associated with a wide range of social, health and legal problems to analyze the pattern of alcohol consumption of users of a Family Health Unit. A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted with 207 users of a Family Health Unit who responded the Alcohol Use Disorders identification Test. Data were analyzed with the aid of the STATA/SE 12.0 software. To analyze the association of the variables, the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used. Of the participants, 40.6% presented abusive consumption of alcohol, which is strongly associated to the male sex, single, between 18 and 30 years of age, who have no religion and some sort of occupation. There was no relation with monthly income and education. Screening and prevention programs to alcohol abuse are important for the most vulnerable group in the primary health care.

关键词： Nursing Alcoholism Primary Health Care

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为了另一个目的

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美术观察 2017年第6期 F0004-F0004页

作者： karla Black

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情牵悉尼港

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现代装饰（家居） 2014年第9期 52-61页

作者： Richard Cole karla Wilford Simon Wood 范嘉苑澳洲Richard ColeArchitecture

这栋住宅坐落在悉尼港边的一角,在这儿能眺望悉尼港的绝佳海景。它建在一块倾斜的砂岩地上,这也因此造就了其独特而富有层次感的房屋结构。严谨的房屋窗口及开口设计让整座房子取得了室内与室外、光与暗、材质与温度之间的平衡。要在悉... 详细信息

这栋住宅坐落在悉尼港边的一角,在这儿能眺望悉尼港的绝佳海景。它建在一块倾斜的砂岩地上,这也因此造就了其独特而富有层次感的房屋结构。严谨的房屋窗口及开口设计让整座房子取得了室内与室外、光与暗、材质与温度之间的平衡。要在悉尼港边建造一座能眺望海景的房子并非一个轻而易举的任务。设计师力求将这栋房子打造成一喳现代化的寓所,业主及其家人们可以在这座现代而温馨的寓所里分享每天的经历与想法、与家人互动。顺应此处的倾斜地势,设计师建造了一个由室内空间径直延伸至室外的观景露台。中央的双层高天花板处刻意开辟了一道＂缺口＂,以让光线透过楼梯井照射到首层。寓所的温暖及坚实特点是通过周密的细节设计、天然的质地材料以及仔细的光线把控而得以形成的。

关键词：悉尼港房屋结构室内空间设计师细节设计层次感房子现代化

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