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Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases:A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第46期26卷 7367-7381页

作者： Peter hoffmann Victoria Jung Rouven Behnisch Annika Gauss Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is common in the German population,with an even higher prevalence in inflammatory bowel disease *** To investigate the risk factors for NAFLD in inflammatory bowel disease *** This monocentric retrospective study with a cross-sectional and a longitudinal part included 694 *** criteria were diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease,age≥18 years,availability of at least one abdominal *** with infectious or suspected alcoholic fatty liver disease were *** was defined by increased echogenicity at liver *** characteristics,disease activity and medications were analyzed as potential risk *** influencing the course of NAFLD were identified by a generalized linear mixed *** Forty-eight percent of Crohn’s disease(CD)patients and 44%of ulcerative colitis patients suffered from *** occurrence was associated with greater age,hypertension and body mass index(BMI)in both groups,and with higher disease activity and dyslipidemia in CD.2467 ultrasound results were included in the longitudinal *** factors for NAFLD were age,BMI,higher disease activity,bowel resection(s),endoscopic activity and azathioprine use in CD;and BMI and endoscopic activity in ulcerative *** NAFLD was highly prevalent in this cohort of German inflammatory bowel disease *** risk increased mainly with rising age and *** analysis provides a rationale for non-invasive liver screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Ultrasound

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Diversity and biogeography of a species-rich ant fauna of the Australian seasonal tropics

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 519-526页

作者： Alan N. Andersen Benjamin D. hoffmann Stefanie Oberprieler CSIRO Land & Water Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre Darwin Austrafia Research Institute forthe Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Australia Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia

Although ants are an ecologically dominant and extensively studied faunal group throughout the tropics, there is a poor understanding of tropical ant diversity and distribution at large spatial scales. Here we use a collection developed from 3 decades of ant surveys to present the first analysis of ant diversity and biogeography of a large tropical region. Our objective was to document the species richness, composition, and biogeographic distributions of the ant fauna of the 400 000 km^2 ＂Top End＂ of Australia＇s Northern Territory. The known Top End ant fauna comprises 901 native species from 59 genera. The richest genera are Pheidole （90 species）, Melophorus （83）, Monomorium （83）, Camponotus （71）, Meranoplus （63）, Polyrhachis （57）, Rhytidoponera （50）, Tetramorium （43）, Cerapachys （32）, and Iridomyrmex （31）. The fauna is the center of diverse radiations within species-groups of genera such as Meranoplus, Rhytidoponera, and Leptogenys. It also includes IndoMalayan species that have likely bypassed the normal dispersal route into Australia through Cape York Peninsula in North Queensland. Faunistic similarity with other regions of far northern Australia is associated more with rainfall than with geographic proximity. Most （60%） of Top End ant species have not been recorded elsewhere, and, despite uncertainties relating to species delimitation and sampling intensity, this appears to be a credible estimate of the level of endemism. Such exceptionally high endemism can be attributed to the Top End＇s geographic isolation from other regions of northern Australia with comparably high rainfall.

关键词： endemism northern Australia Northern Territory species distribution tropical savanna

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Attractive but Toxic： Emerging Roles of Glycosidically Bound Volatiles and Glycosyltransferases Involved in Their Formation

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Molecular Plant 2018年第10期11卷 1225-1236页

作者： Chuankui Song Katja Hartl Kate McGraphery Thomas hoffmann Wilfried Schwab State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University West Changjiang Road Hefei Anhui 230036 China Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universitat Munchen Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1 Freising 85354 Germany

Plants emit an overabundance of volatile compounds, which act in their producers either as appreciated attractants to lure beneficial animals or as repellent toxins to deter pests in a species-specific and concentration-dependent manner. Plants have evolved solutions to provide sufficient volatiles without poisoning themselves. Uridine-diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases （UGTs） acting on vola-tiles is one important part of this sophisticated system, which balances the levels of bioactive metabolites and prepares them for cellular and long-distance transport and storage but enables the remobilization of disarmed toxins for the benefit of plant protection. This review provides an overview of the research history of glycosidically bound volatiles （GBVs）, a relatively new group of plant secondary metabolites, and discusses the role of UGTs in the production of GBVs for plant protection.

关键词： glycosyltransferases terpenoids volatiles plant protection transport storage

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Water-in-Water Emulsions,Ultralow Interfacial Tension,and Biolubrication

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第6期4卷 2102-2114页

作者： Yitong Wang Jin Yuan Yunpeng Zhao Ling Wang Luxuan Guo Lei Feng Jiwei Cui Shuli Dong Shanhong Wan Weimin Liu heinz hoffmann Kiet Tieu Jingcheng Hao Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry(Ministry of Education)&State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250100 Department of Orthopedics Qilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012 Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522 State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000 Physikalische Chemie I Bayreuth UniversitatBayreuth D-95447

A water-in-water(W/W)emulsion consists of droplets formed by the spontaneous liquid-liquid separation of two immiscible aqueous *** inherent properties of the W/W interfaces,low or ultralowinterfacial tension(γ_(W/W)=1-1000μN/m)and a large thickness of several nanometers,beget the poor inherent stability of ***,we report a nanofibril emulsifier having Schiff base reactivity to generate a W/W *** W/W emulsion has superior stability(stable>6 months)because collagen nanofibrils,acting as a stabilizer of W/W emulsions,can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of sizeandoverall coverage ratio of the phase interfaces.W/Wemulsions having γ_(W/W)∼10μN/m were used as synthetic synovial fluids,showing superior lubrication performance with a coefficient of friction in the range of 0.003-0.011,which has been demonstrated to be suitable for joint *** intraarticular injection assessment further confirmed this protective effect on articular cartilage in *** study reveals the mechanism of emulsion stabilization and opens up the possibility of osteoarthritis(OA)treatment using the biolubrication effects of W/W emulsions for lubricated artificial implant surfaces.

关键词： water-in-water emulsion ultralowinterfacial tension phase interface biolubrication

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Comparison of energy consumption and economic performance of organic and conventional soybean production——A case study from Jilin Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1561-1572页

作者： ZHANG Li-wei Til Feike Jirko Holst Christa hoffmann Reiner Doluschitz Institute of Farm Management (410c) University of Hohenheim Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment Julius Kühn-Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants

Modern agriculture heavily depends on energy consumption, especially fossil energy, but intensive energy input increases the production cost for producers and results in environmental *** agricultural production is considered a more sustainable system, but there is lack of scientific research on the energy consumption between organic and conventional systems in *** analysis and comparison of energy use between the two systems would help decision-makers to establish economic, effective and efficient agricultural ***, the objectives of the present study are to analyze energy inputs, outputs, energy efficiency, and economic benefits between organic and conventional soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merrill） production.A total of 24 organic farmers and 24 conventional farmers in Jilin Province, China, were chosen for investigation in 2010 production *** energy input was 71.55 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 96.18 GJ ha–1 in the organic system, resulting in an energy efficiency（output/input） of *** energy input was 9.37 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 113.4 GJ ha–1 in the conventional system, resulting in the energy efficiency of *** huge discrepancy in energy inputs and respective efficiencies lies in the several times higher nutrient inputs in the organic compared to the conventional production ***, the production costs ha–1 were 33% higher, and the net income ha–1 25% lower in the organic compared to the conventional soybean production *** is recommended to improve fertilizer management in organic production to improve its energetic and economic performance.

关键词： energy consumption fossil energy economic benefit organic agriculture soybean production Jilin Province China

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Gas Quenching during Age Hardening of the Aluminium Casting Alloy Al-7Si-0.3Mg

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 498-501页

作者： A. Rose O. Kessler F. hoffmann H.W. Zoch Stiftung Institutfttr Werkstofftechnik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfttr Werkstofftechnik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfttr Werkstofftechnik Bremen GermanyStiftung Institutfttr Werkstofftechnik Bremen Germany

For quenching of age hardenable aluminium alloys today predominantly aqueous quenching media are used, which can lead due to the Leidenfrost phenomenon to a non-uniform cooling of the parts and thus to thermal stresses. Particularly at thin-walled or complex shaped parts local plastic deformations can occur by the uneven thermal stresses. In relation to the conventional quenching procedures in aqueous media, gas quenching exhibits a number of technological, ecological and economical advantages. In comparison to liquid quenching media, gas does not change its phase during quenching. Moreover, the cleaning problem of the parts can be avoided. The quenching intensity can be adjusted by the variable parameters gas pressure and gas speed as well as the kind of gas and thus can be adapted to the requirements of the alloy. By the higher uniformity and the better reproducibility, gas quenching offers a high potential to reduce distortion. The goal of these investigations is to clarify, if the cooling rate during gas quenching is sufficient to obtain the specific required strength after age hardening of the alloy Al-7Si-0.3Mg. For this purpose different tests in high-pressure gas quenching facilities, gas nozzle fields and water quenching baths were performed.

关键词：气体流淬火铝合金 Al-7Si-0.3Mg 沉淀硬化机械性质

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High incidence of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency detected by newborn screening: first results from a study for the evaluation of 26 additional target disorders for the German newborn screening panel

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第5期14卷 470-481页

作者： Gwendolyn Gramer Junmin Fang-hoffmann Patrik Feyh Glynis Klinke Peter Monostori Jürgen G.Okun Georg F.hoffmann Division of Neuropediatric and Metabolic Medicine Department of General PediatricsCenter for Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 43069120 HeidelbergGermany

Background Newborn screening (NBS) in Germany currently includes 15 target disorders. Recent diagnostic improvements suggest an extension of the screening panel. Methods Since August 2016, a prospective study evaluating 26 additional target disorders (25 metabolic disorders and vitamin B12-deficiency) in addition to the German screening panel is performed at the Newborn Screening Center Heidel-berg. First-tier results from tandem-MS screening are complemented by second-tier strategies for 15 of the additional target disorders. NBS results of seven patients diagnosed symptomatically with one of the additional target disorders by selective screening since August 2016 are retrospectively evaluated. Results Over a 13-month period, 68,418 children participated in the study. Second-tier analyses were performed in 5.4%of samples. Only 59 (0.1%) of study participants had abnormal screening results for one of the additional target disorders. Target disorders from the study panel were confirmed in 12 children: 13-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (CoA)-lyase deficiency, 1 citrullinemia type I, 1 multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficiency, 1 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-deficiency, and 8 children with maternal vitamin B12-deficiency. In addition, six of seven patients diagnosed symptomatically outside the study with one of the target disorders would have been identified by the study strategy in their NBS sample. Conclusions Within 13 months, the study 'Newborn Screening 2020' identified additional 12 children with treatable con-ditions while only marginally increasing the recall rate by 0.1%. Maternal vitamin B12-deficiency was the most frequent finding. Even more children could benefit from screening for the additional target disorders by extending the NBS panel for Germany and/or other countries.

关键词： Metabolic disorders Newborn screening Second-tier Vitamin B12 deficiency

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Acute hepatitis induced by an Aloe vera preparation: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第2期11卷 303-304页

作者： Christian Rabe Annemarie Musch Peter Schirmacher Wolfgang Kruis Robert hoffmann Department of Medicine Evangelisches Krankenhaus Koeln KalkCologneGermany Institute of Pathology University of CologneCologneGermany

AIM: Aloe vera, plant extracts of Aloe barbadensis miller,is widely used in phytomedicine. The first case of acute hepatitis due to this compound was ***: Description of a clinical ***: Hepatitis in a 57-year old female could be linked to the ingestion of Aloe barbadensis miller compounds. The patient's hepatitis resolved completely after discontinuing this ***: The case emphasizes the importance of considering phytopharmaceutical over-the-counter drugs as causative agents of hepatitis.

关键词： Hepatitis Aloe vera Acute diseases

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Effect of humic substances on the precipitation of calcium phosphate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 852-857页

作者： SONG Yong-hui Hermann H. HAHN Erhard hoffmann Peter G. WEIDLER Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Institute for Aquatic Environmental Engineering University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe D-76128 Germaay Institute for Technical Chemistry Research Centre of Karlsruhe Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344 Germany

For phosphorus （P） recovery from wastewater, the effect of humic substances （HS） on the precipitation of calcium phosphate was studied. Batch experiments of calcium phosphate precipitation were undertaken with synthetic water that contained 20 mg/L phosphate （as P） and 20 mg/L HS （as dissolved organic carbon, DOC） at a constant pH value in the range of 8.0-10.0. The concentration variations of phosphate, calcium （Ca） and HS were measured in the precipitation process; the crystalline state and compositions of the precipitates were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） and chemical methods, respectively. It showed that at solution pH 8.0, the precipitation rate and removal efficiency of phosphate were greatly reduced by HS, but at solution pH ≥9.0, the effect of HS was very small. The Ca consumption for the precipitation of phosphate increased when HS was added; HS was also removed from solution with the precipitation of calcium phosphate. At solution pH 8.0 and HS concentrations ≤3.5 mg/L, and at pH ≥ 9.0 and HS concentrations ≤ 10 mg/L, the final precipitates were proved to be hydroxyapatite （HAP） by XRD. The increases of solution pH value and initial Ca/P ratio helped reduce the influence of HS on the precipitation of phosphate.

关键词： calcium phosphate phosphorus recovery precipitation humic substances initial CaJP ratio solution pH value

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Integrating insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormones into neuroprotection:Implications for diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第2期8卷 45-55页

作者： Jacob Huffman Christina hoffmann George T Taylor Behavioral Neuroscience Program Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of MissouriSt. Interfakultare Biomedizinische Forschung-seinrichtung der Universitat Heidelberg

Brain integrity and cognitive aptitude are often impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus, presumably a result of the metabolic complications inherent to the disease. However, an increasing body of evidence has demonstrated the central role of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) and its relation to sex hormones in many neuroprotective processes. Both male and female patients with diabetes display abnormal IGF1 and sexhormone levels but the comparison of these fluctuations is seldom a topic of interest. It is interesting to note that both IGF1 and sex hormones have the ability to regulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases-extracellular signal-related kinasesignaling cascades in animal and cell culture models of neuroprotection. Additionally, there is considerable evidence demonstrating the neuroprotective coupling of IGF1 and estrogen. Androgens have also been implicated in many neuroprotective processes that operate on similar signaling cascades as the estrogen-IGF1 relation. Yet, androgens have not been directly linked to the brain IGF1 system and neuroprotection. Despite the sex-specific variations in brain integrity and hormone levels observed in diabetic patients, the IGF1-sex hormone relation in neuroprotection has yet to be fully substantiated in experimental models of diabetes. Taken together, there is a clear need for the comprehensive analysis of sex differences on brain integrity of diabetic patients and the relationship between IGF1 and sex hormones that may influence brain-health outcomes. As such, this review will briefly outline the basic relation of diabetes and IGF1 and its role in neuroprotection. We will also consider the findings on sex hormones and diabetes as a basis for separately analyzing males and females to identify possible hormone-induced brain abnormalities. Finally, we will introduce the neuroprotective interplay of IGF1 and estrogen and how androgen-derived neuroprotection operates through similar si

关键词： Diabetes Androgens Estrogen Insulin Insulin-like growth factor 1 Neuroprotection Brain integrity Cognition

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