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The oral commensal Streptococcus mitis activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human oral epithelial cells

International Journal of Oral Science 2017年第3期9卷 145-150页

作者： stian a engen gro h rørvik olav schreurs inger js blix karl schenck department of oral biology faculty of dentistryuniversity of osloOsloNorway institute of clinical dentistry faculty of dentistryuniversity of osloOsloNorway

Streptococcus mitis （S. mitis） is a pioneer commensal bacterial species colonizing many of the surfaces of the oral cavity in healthy individuals. Yet, not much information is available regarding its interaction with the host. We used examination of its transcriptional regulation in oral keratinocytes to elucidate some of its potential roles in the oral cavity. Transcription factor analysis of oral keratinocytes predicted S. *** activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR）, Activation and functionality of AhR was confirmed through nuclear translocation determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription analysis of CYPIA1, the hallmark gene for AhR activation. Addition of Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus gordonfi did not induce CYPIA1 transcription in the keratinocyte cultures. Introduction of an AhR-specific inhibitor revealed that S. mitis-mediated transcription of CXCL2 and CXCL8 was regulated by AhR. Elevated levels of pmstaglandin E2 （enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay） in supernatants from S. mitis-treated oral epithelial cells were also attenuated by inhibition of AhR activity. The observed AhR-regulated activities point to a contribution of S. mitis in the regulation of inflammatory responses and thereby to wound healing in the oral cavity. The concept that the oral commensal microbiota can induce AhR activation is important, also in view of the role that AhR has in modulation of T-cell differentiation and as an anti-inflammatory factor in macrophaees.

关键词： aryl hydrocarbon receptor commensal inflammation oral epithelium prostaglandin E2 Streptococcus

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Perchance to dream? Primordial motor activity patterns in vertebrates from fish to mammals: their prenatal origin, postnatal persistence during sleep, and pathological reemergence during REM sleep behavior disorder

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第6期31卷 649-662页

作者： Michael A.Corner Carlos H.schenck Netherlands Institute for Brain Research Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center Departments of Psychiatry Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota

An overview is presented of the literature dealing with sleep-like motility and concomitant neuronal activity patterns throughout the life cycle in vertebrates, ectothermic as well as endothermic. Spontaneous, periodically modulated, neurogenic bursts of non-purposive movements are a universal feature of larval and prenatal behavior, which in endothermic animals （i.e. birds and mammals） continue to occur periodically throughout life. Since the entire body musculature is involved in ever-shifting combinations, it is proposed that these spontaneously active periods be designated as ＇rapid-BODY-movement＇（RBM） sleep. The term ＇rapid-EYE- movement （REM） sleep＇, characterized by attenuated muscle contractions and reduced tonus, can then be reserved for sleep at later stages of development. Mature stages of development in which sustained muscle atonia is combined with ＇paradoxical arousal＇ of cortical neuronal firing patterns indisputably represent the evolutionarily most recent aspect of REM sleep, but more research with ectothermic vertebrates, such as fish, amphibians and reptiles, is needed before it can be concluded （as many prematurely have） that RBM is absent in these species. Evidence suggests a link between RBM sleep in early development and the clinical condition known as ＇REM sleep behavior disorder （RBD）＇, which is characterized by the resurgence of periodic bouts of quasi-fetal motility that closely resemble RBM sleep. Early developmental neuromotor risk factors for RBD in humans also point to a relationship between RBM sleep and RBD.

关键词： sleep development evolution spike-train analysis spontaneous motility neuronal networks neuroplasticity REM sleep behavior disorder

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Unfoldomics of prostate cancer： on the abundance and roles of intrinsically disordered proteins in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 662-672页

作者： Kevin S Landau Insung Na Ryan O schenck Vladimir N Uversky DepartmentofMolecularMedicine MorsaniCollegeofMedicineUniversityofSouthFloridaTampaFL33612USA USFHealthByrdAlzheimer'sResearchInstitute MorsaniCollegeofMedicineUniversityofSouthFloridaTampaFlorida33612USA LaboratoryofStructuralDynamics StabilityandFoldingofProteinsInstituteofCytologyRussianAcademyofSciencesStPetersburgRussia

Prostatic diseases such as prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are highly prevalent among men. The number of studies focused on the abundance and roles of intrinsically disordered proteins in prostate cancer is rather limited. The goal of this study is to analyze the prevalence and degree of disorder in proteins that were previously associated with the prostate cancer pathogenesis and to compare these proteins to the entire human proteome. The analysis of these datasets provides means for drawing conclusions on the roles of disordered proteins in this common male disease. We also hope that the results of our analysis can potentially lead to future experimental studies of these proteins to find novel pathways associated with this disease.

关键词： intrinsical ly disordered proteins posttranslational mod ifications prostate cancer protein-protein interaction proteomics proteome unfoldome

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Uncertainty and Resolution of Speckle Photography on Micro Samples

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2020年第2期3卷 91-104页

作者： Gabriela Alexe Andreas Tausendfreund Dirk Stobener Lasse Langstadtler Marius Herrmann Christian schenck Andreas Fischer Bremen Institute for Metrology Automation and Quality Science(BIMAQ)University of BremenLinzer Str1328359 BremenGermany MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes University of BremenPostbox 33044028359 BremenGermany Bremen Institute for Mechanical Engineering(bime) University of BremenBadgasteiner StraBe 128359 BremenGermany

The efficient development of new materials with defined properties requires fast methods of testing low volumes of material,such as a high-throughput investigation of spherical metallic micro samples with varying compositions and structuring treatments.A classical material testing method for macro samples,the tensile test cannot be employed for analyzing the mechanical properties of spherical samples with diameters below 1 mm since there are currently no methods for holding and stretching them.A combination between the incremental electrohydraulic extrusion as stress actuation unit and the speckle photography as strain measuring method is presented for obtaining the required mechanical *** longitudinal strain is generated at stepwise extrusion through10 μ*** is unknown,whether the speckle strain measuring method is able to provide the necessary low uncertainty for the required resolution in the whole measuring ***,theoretical and experimental investigations of the deformation measurability using the speckle correlation method are presented,showing that local displacements up to 10 μm can be measured with a spatial resolution between 3 and 10μm depending on the displacement *** dominant effect influencing the measurement uncertainty for displacements at this high spatial resolution is the speckle noise,resulting into measurement uncertainties of less than 100 μ***,speckle photography is shown to be applicable for tensile test on micro samples.

关键词： Micro samples Speckle photography Electrohydraulic incremental micro forming

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How Selection of a Target Feature Impacts Corrective Feedback:Finding Answers Through Meta-Analysis of Chinese EFL Learners

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Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 2022年第2期45卷 274-293,317,318页

作者： Andrew schenck State University of New York Korea South Korea

Rather than looking at variables like grammatical feature type,proficiency,and L1 as separate,we must start to view them as interrelated and *** this way,educators may finally learn how to maximize the effect of corrective feedback(CF).A meta-analysis of 13 studies was conducted to examine four styles of CF(implicit prompt,implicit reformulation,explicit prompt,and explicit reformulation)along with the following variables:grammatical feature type,L1 similarity(with Mandarin Chinese),and proficiency *** suggest that effect size is highly dependent upon the grammatical feature *** feedback appears to have a scaffolding effect for more semantically or syntactically complex grammatical *** reformulations(recasts)also provide scaffolding,yielding larger effect sizes than implicit prompts when used with L1 dissimilar features that are more semantically or syntactically complex.

关键词： feedback recast grammar Chinese proficiency

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Coupling System for Ultra Precision Machining

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2016年第6期6卷 301-306页

作者： Eike Foremny Christian schenck Bemd Kuhfuss Bremen Institute for Mechanical Engineering MAPEX Center for Materials and Processing University of Bremen Bremen 28209Germany

The mass production of plastic parts containing micro structures in optical quality requires molds with corresponding surface quality. These micro structured molds can be produced by UPC （ultra precision cutting）. To produce a high surface quality the ultra precision machine spindles must be well balanced. It is not sufficient to balance the tools and the spindle separately. They have to be balanced while assembled to ensure the required balance quality grade better than G0.4. One possibility to decrease setup times and increase the quality of the spindle balancing is to enhance the unbalance induced vibrations and thus allowing better unbalance detection. In this paper a coupling system between the spindle and machine frame based on flexure joints is presented. The experimental setup provides two states： operational and setup. The operational state provides a high stiffness, whereas the setup state allows the spindle to vibrate along one degree of freedom, enhancing the vibrations created by the unbalance. The system is analyzed concerning its ability to restore the defined conditions in the operational state as well as its capability to enhance the detection of unbalances in the setup state.

关键词： Optical surfaces high precision balancing coupling system.

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Linked Micro Parts Referencing System

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2017年第1期7卷 44-49页

作者： Philipp Wilhelmi Christian schenck Bemd Kuhfuss Bime (Bremen Institute for Mechanical Engineering) MAPEX Center for Materials and Processing University of Bremen Bremen 28359 Germany

For simplified processing, micro parts are handled as linked parts. The length of the frame structure of these linked parts can change during a multi-stage production process especially when forming is included. Hence, the positions of individual parts are not constant within the linkage. An individual referencing of the parts becomes necessary in each production step. In this paper, a visual high-speed on-line part referencing system is presented and analyzed. Especially, the trade-off between the highest possible feed velocity and the demand of high accuracy in micro production is taken into account. In addition to this general characterization application related testing with stepwise positioning is performed.

关键词： Multi-stage micro part production linked parts visual referencing system.

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Gastrointestinal dysbiosis and the use of fecal microbial transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2015年第4期6卷 169-180页

作者： L Patrick schenck Paul L beck Justin A Mac Donald Gastrointestinal Research Group at the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of Calgary Gastrointestinal Research Group at the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Gastrointestinal Research Group at the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of Calgary

The impact of antibiotics on the human gut microbiota is a significant concern. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea has been on the rise for the past few decades with the increasing usage of antibiotics. Clostridium difficile infections(CDI) have become one of the most prominent types of infectious diarrheal disease, with dramatically increased incidence in both the hospital and community setting worldwide. Studies show that variability in the innate host response may in part impact upon CDI severity in patients. That being said, CDI is a disease that shows the most prominent links to alterations to the gut microbiota, in both cause and treatment. With recurrence rates still relatively high, it is important to explore alternative therapies to CDI. Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) and other types of bacteriotherapy have become exciting avenues of treatment for CDI. Recent clinical trials have generated excitement for the use of FMT as a therapeutic option for CDI; however, the exact components of the human gut microbiota needed for protection against CDI have remained elusive. Additional investigations on the effects of antibiotics on the human gut microbiota and subsequent CDI will help reduce the socioeconomic burden of CDI and potentially lead to new therapeutic modalities.

关键词： human gut microbiota Antibiotic-associated diarrhe

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Sulphur-containing Compounds in Sulphur-rich Crude Oils from Hypersaline Lake Sediments and Their Geochemical Implications

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Acta Geochimica 1987年第2期6卷 115-126页

作者：盛国英傅家谟 S.C.BRASSELL A.P.GOWAR G.EGLINTON JAAP S.SINNINGHE DAMSTE JAN W.DE LEEUW P.A.schenck Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Organic Geochemistry Unit School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol U.K. Organic Geochemistry Unit School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol U.K. Organic Geochemistry Unit School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol U.K. Organic Geochemistry Unit Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands Organic Geochemistry Unit Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands Organic Geochemistry Unit Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

Three sulphur-rich commercial crude oils have been studied,which contain sulphur as high as up to4—12%.These samples were collected from Tertiary hypersaline lake sediments of the Jianghan Basin,Hubei Province at different depths,but above the oil generation threshold（2200m）.FPD—GC and GC-MSdata show that aromatic fractions of the crude oils are composed of different homologues of sulphur-containing compounds,including long-chain normal alkyl-thiophenes and-thiolanes,long-chainisoprenoid-thiophenes and-thiolanes,and *** is worth noting that the distribution patternsof long-chain alkyl-thiophenes and-thiolanes from two shallow-seated crude oils are quite similar to thoseof normal alkanes showing marked even-odd *** seems that the even-odd predominance ofsulphur-containing compounds decreases with increasing burial depth of the crude *** majorcomponent of aliphatic fraction is phytane,and similarly the major peaks of aromatic fractions also representC20isoprenoid *** preliminary conclusions have been drawn from the above discussion:（1）Abundant sulphur-containing compounds may be used as an indicator of low mature or immature crude oils produced fromhypersaline lake sediments;（2）Sulphur-containing compounds are considered to be early diageneticproducts of reactions between elemental sulphur or sulfides and alkanes or their precursors（phytols,fattyacids,alcohols,etc.）,or of bacterial activities,but not direc■ inputs of organisms.

关键词： Sulphur-containing Compounds in Sulphur-rich Crude Oils from Hypersaline Lake Sediments and Their Geochemical Implications

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Deep-learning based denoising and reconstruction of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy images

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Photonics Research 2021年第5期9卷 I0001-I0014页

作者： ZAFRAN HUSSAIN SHAH MARCEL MÜLLER TUNG-CHENG WANG PHILIP MAURICE SCHEIDIG AXEL SCHNEIDER MARK SCHÜTTPELZ THOMAS HUSER WOLFRAM schenck Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences33619 BielefeldGermany Faculty of Physics Bielefeld University33615 BielefeldGermany

Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM) provides an up to twofold enhanced spatial resolution of fluorescently labeled samples. The reconstruction of high-quality SR-SIM images critically depends on patterned illumination with high modulation contrast. Noisy raw image data(e.g., as a result of low excitation power or low exposure time), result in reconstruction artifacts. Here, we demonstrate deep-learning based SR-SIM image denoising that results in high-quality reconstructed images. A residual encoding–decoding convolutional neural network(RED-Net) was used to successfully denoise computationally reconstructed noisy SR-SIM *** also demonstrate the end-to-end deep-learning based denoising and reconstruction of raw SIM images into high-resolution SR-SIM images. Both image reconstruction methods prove to be very robust against image reconstruction artifacts and generalize very well across various noise levels. The combination of computational image reconstruction and subsequent denoising via RED-Net shows very robust performance during inference after training even if the microscope settings change.

关键词： Deep illumination image

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