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A LN2-based cooling system for a next-generation liquid xenon dark matter detector

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第8期31卷 24-34页

作者： karl ludwig giboni Pratibha Juyal Elena Aprile Yun Zhang Junji Naganoma INPAC and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Laboratory for Particle and Cosmology Shanghai 200240China Columbia Astrophysics Lab and Physics Department Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

In recent years, cooling technology for liquid xenon(LXe) detectors has advanced driven by the development of dark matter(DM) detectors with target mass in the 100–1000 kg range. The next generation of DM detectors based on LXe will be in the 50,000 kg(50 t)range requiring more than 1 k W of cooling power. Most of the prior cooling methods become impractical at this *** cooling a 50 t scale LXe detector, a method is proposed in which liquid nitrogen(LN2) in a small local reservoir cools the xenon gas via a cold finger. The cold finger incorporates a heating unit to provide temperature regulation. The proposed cooling method is simple, reliable, and suitable for the required long-term operation for a rare event search. The device can be easily integrated into present cooling systems, for example the ‘‘Cooling Bus’ ’employed for the Panda X I and II experiments. It is still possible to cool indirectly with no part of the cooling or temperature control system getting in direct contact with the clean xenon in the detector. Also, the cooling device can be mounted at a large distance, i.e., the detector is cooled remotely from a distance of 5–10 m. The method was tested in a laboratory setup at Columbia University to carry out different measurements with a small LXe detector and behaved exactly as predicted.

关键词： Noble liquid detectors(scintillation,ionization,double-phase) Dark matter detectors(WIMPs,axions,etc.) Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics Very low-energy charged particle detectors Time projection chambers Cryogenics Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization

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On proportional scintillation in very large liquid xenon detectors

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第9期31卷 90-97页

作者： Pratibha Juyal karl-ludwig giboni Xiang-Dong Ji Jiang-Lai Liu School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology(INPAC)800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China

The charge readout of a liquid xenon(LXe)detector via proportional scintillation in the liquid phase was first realized by the Waseda group 40 years ago,but the technical challenges involved were *** the tests were successful,this method was finally discarded and eventually nearly ***,this approach is not considered for large LXe dark matter ***,the dual-phase technology was selected despite many limitations and *** two independent studies,two groups from Columbia University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University reevaluated proportional scintillation in the liquid *** studies established the merits for very large LXe detectors,but the Columbia group also encountered apparent limitations,namely the shadowing of the light by the anode wires,and a dependence of the pulse shape on the drift path of the electrons in the anode *** differences between the two studies,however,are not intrinsic to the technique,but a direct consequence of the chosen *** the geometrical differences into account,the results match without *** also agree with the original results from the Waseda group.

关键词： Liquid detectors Time projection chambers(TPC) Multiplication and electroluminescence in rare gases and liquids

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Screener3D:a gaseous time projection chamber for ultra-low radioactive material screening

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第12期32卷 103-115页

作者： Hai-Yan Du Cheng-Bo Du karl giboni Ke Han Sheng-Ming He Li-Qiang Liu Yue Meng Shao-Bo Wang Tao Zhang Li Zhao Ji-Fang Zhou INPAC Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd.288 Shuanglin RoadChengdu 610051China SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology(SPEIT) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

In experiments searching for rare signals,background events from the detector itself are some of the major factors limiting search *** for ultra-low radioactive detector materials is becoming ever more *** propose to develop a gaseous time projection chamber(TPC)with a Micromegas readout for radio *** TPC records three-dimensional trajectories of charged particles emitted from a flat sample placed in the active volume of the *** detector can distinguish the origin of an event and identify the particle types with information from trajectories,which significantly increases the screening *** a particles from the sample surface,we observe that our proposed detector can reach a sensitivity higher than 100 l Bq m-2 within two days.

关键词： Charged-particle detector Surface a measurement Ultra-low radioactivity Material screening

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Securing Data in Multimode Fibers by Exploiting Mode-Dependent Light Propagation Effects

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Research 2023年第3期2023卷 669-682页

作者： Stefan Rothe karl-ludwig Besser David Krause Robert Kuschmierz Nektarios Koukourakis Eduard Jorswieck Jürgen W.Czarske TU Dresden Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringLaboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique01062 DresdenGermany TU Braunschweig Faculty of Electrical EngineeringInformation TechnologyPhysicsInstitute for Communications Technology38106 BraunschweigGermany TU Dresden Faculty of Physics01062 DresdenGermany

Multimode fibers hold great promise to advance data rates in optical communications but come with the challenge to compensate for modal crosstalk and mode-dependent losses,resulting in strong *** holographic measurement of the transmission matrix enables not only correcting distortions but also harnessing these effects for creating a confidential data connection between legitimate communication parties,Alice and *** feasibility of this physical-layer-security-based approach is demonstrated experimentally for the first time on a multimode fiber link to which the eavesdropper Eve is physically *** the proper structured light field is launched at Alice’s side,the message can be delivered to Bob,and,simultaneously,the decipherment for an illegitimate wiretapper Eve is *** a real communication scenario,we implement wiretap codes and demonstrate confidentiality by quantifying the level of *** to an uncoded data transmission,the amount of securely exchanged data is enhanced by a factor of *** complex light transportation phenomena that have long been considered limiting and have restricted the widespread use of multimode fiber are exploited for opening new perspectives on information security in spatial multiplexing communication systems.

关键词： distortion destroyed holographic

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Energy and spectral analysis of confined solar flares from radio and X-ray observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第11期21卷 35-46页

作者： Cheng-Ming Tan karl ludwig Klein Yi-Hua Yan Satoshi Masuda Bao-Lin Tan Jing Huang Guo-Wu Yuan CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Observatoire de Paris LESIA&Station de radioastronomie de Nanc¸ayUniv.PSLCNRSSorbonne Univ.Univ.de ParisUniv.d’Orl´eans5 place Jules JanssenF-92190 MeudonFrance Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

The energy and spectral shape of radio bursts may help us understand the generation mechanism of solar eruptions,including solar flares,coronal mass ejections,eruptive filaments,and various scales of *** different kinds of flares may have different characteristics of energy and spectral *** this work,we selected 10 mostly confined flare events during October 2014 to investigate their overall spectral behaviour and the energy emitted in microwaves by using radio observations from microwaves to interplanetary radio waves,and X-ray observations of GOES,RHESSI,and Fermi/*** found that:all the confined flare events were associated with a microwave continuum burst extending to frequencies of9.4~15.4 GHz,and the peak frequencies of all confined flare events are higher than 4.995 GHz and lower than or equal to 17 *** median value is around 9 *** microwave burst energy(or nuence)and the peak frequency are found to provide useful criteria to estimate the power of solar *** observations imply that the magnetic field in confined flares tends to be stronger than that in 412 flares studied by Nita et al.(2004).All 10 events studied did not produce detectable hard X-rays with energies above~300 keV indicating the lack of efficient acceleration of electrons to high energies in the confined flares.

关键词： Sun:solar flare Sun:radio burst Sun:energy Sun:spectral

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Uptake of citrate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles into atherosclerotic lesions in mice occurs via accelerated transcytosis through plaque endothelial cells

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Nano Research 2016年第11期9卷 3437-3452页

作者： Wolfram C. Poller Evelyn Ramberger Philipp Boehm-Sturm Susanne Mueller Konstantin Moller Norbert Lowa Frank Wiekhorst Susanne Wagner Matthias Taupitz Eyk Schellenberger Gert Baumann karl Stangl Verena Stangl Antje ludwig Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte Chariteplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany Abteilung fur Experimentelle Neurologie Center for Stroke Research Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin Chariteplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany Charite Core Facility '7 T experimental MRIs' Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin Chariteplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestr. 2-12 10587Berlin Germany Institut fur Radiologie Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte Charit@platz 1 10117 Berlin Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Berlin 10115 Berlin Germany Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) 10117 Berlin Germany

Very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （VSOPs） rapidly accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby enabling plaque visualization by magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. This study was performed to identify the uptake mechanisms of VSOPs into atherosclerotic plaques. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient （LDLR^-/-） mice with advanced atherosclerosis were analyzed using MRI and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） at various time points after intravenous administration of VSOPs. Post-mortem MRI detected VSOP labeling of atherosclerotic plaques 10 min after injection, and the signal increased over the first 3 h. TEM revealed that the intensive plaque labeling was mediated by accelerated transcytosis of VSOPs through endothelial cells overlaying atherosclerotic lesions. Experiments with endocytosis inhibitors and small interfering RNA （siRNA） revealed a dynamin-dependent mechanism involving both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated processes. In cell culture experiments, endothelial VSOP uptake was enhanced under proatherogenic flow and TNFα stimulation, conditions that are both present in plaque areas. Our study demonstrates that VSOPs enable non-invasive MRI assessment of accelerated endothelial transcytosis, an important pathomechanism in atherosclerotic plaque formation.

关键词： atherosclerosis,unstable plaques,magnetic resonanceimaging decreased endothelial barrier function,superparamagnetic ironoxide nanoparticles

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Probing the subcellular nanostructure of engineered human cardiomyocytes in 3D tissue

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第1期7卷 133-140页

作者： Josh Javor Jourdan K.Ewoldt Paige E.Cloonan Anant Chopra Rebeccah J.Luu Guillaume Freychet Mikhail Zhernenkov karl ludwig Jonathan G.Seidman Christine E.Seidman Christopher S.Chen David J.Bishop Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA SMI Beamline 12-ID Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Department of Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Division of Materials Science Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Department of Electrical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

The structural and functional maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes(hiPSC-CMs)is essential for pharmaceutical testing,disease modeling,and ultimately therapeutic *** 3D-tissue platforms have improved the functional maturation of hiPSC-CMs,but probing cardiac contractile properties in a 3D environment remains challenging,especially at depth and in live *** small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)imaging,we show that hiPSC-CMs matured and examined in a 3D environment exhibit a periodic spatial arrangement of the myofilament lattice,which has not been previously detected in *** contractile force is found to correlate with both the scattering intensity(R^(2)=0.44)and lattice spacing(R^(2)=0.46).The scattering intensity also correlates with lattice spacing(R^(2)=0.81),suggestive of lower noise in our structural measurement than in the functional ***,we observed decreased myofilament ordering in tissues with a myofilament mutation known to lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Our results highlight the progress of human cardiac tissue engineering and enable unprecedented study of structural maturation in hiPSC-CMs.

关键词： cardiac cardiomyocytes spacing

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工业4.0时代钢铁行业转型中的新型服务

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河北冶金 2019年第1期 77-82页

作者： karl Purkarthofer Eva Tatschl-Unterberger ludwig Reiter Gerald Hohenbichler Klaus Stohl Gabriel Royo 普锐特冶金技术奥地利有限公司普锐特冶金技术美国有限公司美国伍斯特01605

伴随着数字化和工业4. 0的快速发展,出现了多种新型的冶金服务模式,并且这些服务模式与中国钢铁行业"十三五"规划制定的转型升级措施相吻合。用3个实例进一步验证了钢铁生产企业要想保持良好的竞争力,与拥有雄厚实力且能提供设备制造、... 详细信息

伴随着数字化和工业4. 0的快速发展,出现了多种新型的冶金服务模式,并且这些服务模式与中国钢铁行业"十三五"规划制定的转型升级措施相吻合。用3个实例进一步验证了钢铁生产企业要想保持良好的竞争力,与拥有雄厚实力且能提供设备制造、工艺、电气自动化和全方位服务支持的原始设备供应商,建立长期合作、互利共赢的合作关系是十分必要性的。

关键词：工业4.0时代数字化冶金服务钢铁行业

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Intensified intravitreal bevacizumab treatment regime for type 1 and 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第7期9卷 1076-1078页

作者： Christos Chryssafis Aljoscha Steffen Neubauer Efstathios Papadopoulos Kai Januschowski karl Thomas Boden Peter Szurman Knappschafts Eye Clinic Sulzbach 66280 Saar Germany Eye Clinic ludwig Maximilians University Munich 80336Germany Department of Experimental Ophthalmosurgery Eye Clinic Eberhard-Karls University Ttibingen 72074 Germany

Dear Sir,I am *** Chryssafis,from the Knappschafts Eye Clinic,Sulzbach,Saar,Germany.I write to present the results of our study about an intensified intravitreal bevacizumab（IVB）injections regime for type 1 and 2idi... 详细信息

关键词： IMT type

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PandaX: a liquid xenon dark matter experiment at CJPL

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第8期57卷 1476-1494页

作者： CAO XiGuang CHEN Xun CHEN YunHua CUI XiangYi FANG DeQing FU ChangBo giboni karl L. GONG HaoWei GUO GuoDong HE Ming HU Jie HUANG XingTao JI XiangDong JU YongLin LI ShaoLi LIN Qing LIU HuaXuan LIU JiangLai LIU Xiang LORENZON Wolfgang MA YuGang MAO YaJun NI KaiXuan PUSHKIN Kirill REN XiangXiang SCHUBNELL Michael SHEN ManBing SHI YuJie STEPHENSON Scott TAN AnDi TARLé Greg WANG HongWei WANG JiMing WANG Meng WANG XuMing WANG Zhou WEI YueHuan WU ShiYong XIAO MengJiao XIAO Xiang XIE PengWei YE Tao YOU YingHui ZEN XiongHui ZHANG Hua ZHANG Tao ZHAO HaiYing ZHAO Li ZHOU XiaoPeng ZHU ZhongHua Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics The Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Astronomy and Cosmology (INPAC) and Department of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd. School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE) Shandong University School of Physics Peking University Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

PandaX is a large liquid-xenon detector experiment usable for direct dark-matter detection and 136Xe double-beta decay *** central vessel was designed to accommodate a staged target volume increase from initially 120 kg(stage I)to 0.5 t(stage II)and eventually to a multi-ton *** experiment is located in the Jinping Deep-Underground Laboratory in Sichuan,*** detector operates in dual-phase mode,allowing detection of both prompt scintillation,and ionization charge through proportional *** this paper a detailed description of the stage I detector design and performance as well as results established during the commissioning phase are presented.

关键词： dark matter liquid xenon detector underground experiment time projection chamber

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