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MEMS-actuated metasurface Alvarez lens

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 334-344页

作者： Zheyi Han Shane Colburn Arka Majumdar karl F.Bohringer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Institute for Nano-Engineered Systems University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA

Miniature lenses with a tunable focus are essential components for many modern applications involving compact optical *** several tunable lenses have been reported with various tuning mechanisms,they often face challenges with respect to power consumption,tuning speed,fabrication cost,or production *** this work,we have adapted the mechanism of an Alvarez lens–a varifocal composite lens in which lateral shifts of two optical elements with cubic phase surfaces give rise to a change in the optical power–to construct a miniature,microelectromechanical system(MEMS)-actuated metasurface Alvarez *** based on an electrostatic MEMS generates fast and controllable actuation with low power *** utilization of metasurfaces–ultrathin and subwavelength-patterned diffractive optics–as optical elements greatly reduces the device volume compared to systems using conventional freeform *** entire MEMS Alvarez metalens is fully compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technologies,granting it the potential to be mass-produced at a low unit *** the reported prototype operating at 1550 nm wavelength,a total uniaxial displacement of 6.3µm was achieved in the Alvarez metalens with a direct-current(DC)voltage application up to 20V,which modulated the focal position within a total tuning range of 68µm,producing more than an order of magnitude change in the focal length and a 1460-diopter change in the optical *** MEMS Alvarez metalens has a robust design that can potentially generate a much larger tuning range without substantially increasing the device volume or energy consumption,making it desirable for a wide range of imaging and display applications.

关键词： electrostatic optics adapted

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Superior antibody and membrane protein‑specific T‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime S.Rosa Duque Samuel M.S.Cheng Carolyn A.Cohen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng Mu Yuet Chung Tsun Ming Lau Manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo C.H.Tsang Sara Chaothai Tsz Chun Kwan John K.C.Li karl C.K.Chan Leo L.H.Luk Jenson C.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos M.T.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam Sau Man Chan Wilfred H.S.Wong Issan Y.S.Tam Masashi Mori Sophie A.Valkenburg Malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Immunology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular(IM)administration for several vaccines,but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the full dose is *** study(NCT04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over IM administration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of IM or ID vaccine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2(IM-CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(IMCCC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** Spike protein(S)immunoglobulin G(IgG),S-receptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,SNM[sum of individual(S),nucleocapsid protein(N),and membrane protein(M)peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),SNM-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),S-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to IM-CC,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,S IgG avidity,S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for IM-CC,ID-CC,IM-CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported more local,mild adverse *** This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated SARSCoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vaccine

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Laparoscopic step 1 ALPPS with microwave transection of theliver for Klatskin tumors:Is it worthwhile?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第3期17卷 278-279页

作者： marcello donati francesco basile karl j oldhafer department of surgery and medical-surgical specialties general and oncologic surgery unitvittorio-emanuele university hospital of cataniaVia Plebiscito 628Catania 95122Italy semmelweiss university of budapest asklepios campus hamburgHamburg 20099Germany department of general and abdominal surgery asklepios barmbek hospitalHamburg 22307Germany

To the Editor：Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for stagedhepatectomy （ALPPS） was introduced in 2007 [1]. This techniqueis now used worldwide and has a wide spectrum of ***, scientific debate and un-regulated surgical experimentationconcerning the application of this technique led the surgeons to organize the first Consensus Meeting [2] to build a scientificconsensus. One of the most controversial indications to ALPPS isits application for Klatskin tumors. The aim of this letter is to analyzethe critical aspects of laparoscopic microwave ALPPS for radicalsurgical treatment of Klatskin tumors.

关键词： Laparoscopic step 1 ALPPS with microwave transection of the liver for Klatskin tumors:Is it worthwhile

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Complications of dexamethasone implants:risk factors,prevention,and clinical management

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第10期13卷 1612-1620页

作者： Nil Celik Ramin Khoramnia Gerd.U Auffarth Saadettin Sel Christian S mayer Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany

AIM:To evaluate major complications after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implants(Ozurdex)and their clinical ***:In a retrospective observational study between 2014 and 2016 at two university hospitals,we reviewed the clinical records of 1241 consecutive macular edema patients treated with the dexamethasone implant,and separated severe adverse events in the injection procedure from those that were post-injection *** evaluated the cause and the outcomes in each ***:In twenty-one procedures(1.69%)we noticed significant complications during and after intravitreal injection of the dexamethasone *** related to the injection procedure were in one case,that a second implant was injected by mistake in the same eye on the same *** another case,the implant lodged in the sclera during retraction of the injector *** scleral tunnel at the injection site led to hypotony in another *** were 10 cases of post-injection displacement of the implant into the anterior chamber and one case with a migrated and trapped device between the intraocular lens and an artificial *** typically occurred in patients with preexisting risk factors:eyes with complicated intraocular lens implantation,iris reconstruction or iris defects or pseudophakic eyes after vitrectomy were prone to develop this *** led to secondary corneal decompensation with *** case developed an endophthalmitis,and we observed four cases of retinal *** eyes presented with long-lasting hypotony due to ciliary ***:Treatment with the dexamethasone implant may cause various expected or unexpected complications that may have serious consequences for the patient and require further *** reduce complications,clinicians should evaluate certain risk factors before scheduling patients for dexamethasone implant treatment and use proper injection techniques.

关键词： intravitreal implants dexamethasone implants Ozurdex intravitreal injection slow release drug

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The records of coastline changes reflected by mangroves on the Sunda Shelf since the last 40ka

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第13期53卷 2069-2076页

作者： WANG XiaoMei SUN XiangJun WANG PinXian karl Stattegger Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Institute of Geosciences University of Kiel Olshausenstrasse 40 Kiel 24118 Germany

This paper presents a 40000-year-long high-resolution mangrove record from sediments of Core 18300,18302 and 18323 on the continental shelf of the southern South China Sea and reconstructs the coast-line changes on Sunda Shelf since the last 40000 years. In the period Marine Isotope 3,the old Sunda Shelf had low sea level,and it was partly exposed. Flourishing vegetations grew on the exposed old land. Mangroves developed along the coastline. On the Last Glacial Maximum,the sea level dropped greatly,coastline moved from inner shelf to outer shelf,the Old Sunda Land exposed further,and the lowering sea level induced the gradual disappearing of mangroves from the inner Sunda Shelf to the outer Sunda Shelf. And pioneer vegetation ferns covered the broadly exposed old land immediately. At the time of the last Deglaciation,sea level rose greatly,the coastline moved to the sea and the Sunda Shelf was drown again. Mangroves were emergent again from outer shelf to inner shelf and developed quickly.

关键词：红树同位素冰川海岸线

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The relationship between relative growth rate and whole-plant C:N:P stoichiometry in plant seedlings grown under nutrient-enriched conditions

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 147-156页

作者： Youhong Peng karl J.Niklas Shucun Sun ECORES Lab Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences9 Section 4 Renminnan RoadChengdu 610041China Department of Plant Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Department of Biology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Aims Recent theories indicate that N is more in demand for plant growth than P;therefore,N concentration and N:C and N:P ratios are predicted to be positively correlated with relative growth rate(RGR)in plants under nutrient-enriched *** prediction was tested in this *** We examined the whole-plant concentrations of C,N and P and RGR,as well as the relationship between RGR and the concentrations and the ratios of N:C,P:C and N:P,for different harvest stages(the days after seed germination)of the seedlings of seven shrub species and four herbaceous species grown in N and P non-limiting *** relationships among plant size,nutrient concentrations and ratios were subsequently *** Findings RGR was positively correlated with N concentration and the ratios of N:PandN:C when the data were pooled for all species and for each shrub species,but not for individual herbaceous ***,the relationship between RGR and P concentration and P:C was not significantly correlated for either shrubs or *** variation of N among harvest stages and species was much greater than that of P,and the variation in N:P ratio was determined primarily by changes in N *** shrub species differed from the herbaceous species in their N and P concentrations,nutrient ratios and in intraspecific relationships between RGR and nutrient *** differences possibly reflect differences in the capacity for P storage and biomass allocation *** general,our data support recent theoretical predictions regarding the relationship between RGR and C:N:P stoichiometry,but they also show that species with different life forms differ in the relationships among RGR and C:N:P stoichimetries.

关键词： C:N:P stoichiometry RGR growth rate hypothesis life forms seedlings screening experiment

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Intelligent Manufacturing for the Process Industry Driven by Industrial Artificial Intelligence

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Engineering 2021年第9期7卷 1224-1230页

作者： Tao Yang Xinlei Yi Shaowen Lu karl HJohansson Tianyou Chai State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden

Based on the analysis of the characteristics and operation status of the process industry,as well as the development of the global intelligent manufacturing industry,a new mode of intelligent manufacturing for the process industry,namely,deep integration of industrial artificial intelligence and the Industrial Internet with the process industry,is *** paper analyzes the development status of the existing three-tier structure of the process industry,which consists of the enterprise resource planning,the manufacturing execution system,and the process control system,and examines the decision-making,control,and operation management adopted by process *** on this analysis,it then describes the meaning of an intelligent manufacturing framework and presents a vision of an intelligent optimal decision-making system based on human–machine cooperation and an intelligent autonomous control ***,this paper analyzes the scientific challenges and key technologies that are crucial for the successful deployment of intelligent manufacturing in the process industry.

关键词： Industrial artificial intelligence Industrial Internet Intelligent manufacturing Process industry

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Truffle-like fungi sporocarps in a eucalypt-dominated landscape: patterns in diversity and community structure

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 143-157页

作者： Melissa Danks Teresa Lebel karl Vernes Nigel Andrew Ecosystem Management University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales 2351Australia National Herbarium of Victoria Royal Botanic Gardens MelbourneSouth YarraVictoria 3141Australia Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology ZoologyUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales 2351Australia

Truffle-like fungi are highly diverse yet poorly known in *** assess the species richness,biomass,and community assemblages of truffle-like fungi in different habitats we sampled sporocarps of truffle-like fungi in three eucalypt-dominated forest types(grassy woodland,wet sclerophyll forest,and dry sclerophyll forest)once in summer and once in winter,at two sites(Mount Kaputar and New England)in northern New South Wales,*** hundred and eighteen species in 35 genera were collected;over half(51.7%)of the species were *** woodland and wet forest communities had greater species richness and a lower standing crop than dry forest *** richness and standing crop was greater in winter than in ***,species from the family Russulaceae,and the genera Dermocybe,Descomyces,and Hysterangium were *** composition varied among forest types and each forest type exhibited a suite of unique and common species,although much variation was *** in community structure was associated with some habitat attributes;at Mount Kaputar,woody plant species richness,canopy cover,litter depth,soil phosphorous,and elevation helped explain the sporocarp communities of different forest types,while at New England,woody plant species richness,rainfall,topographic aspect,soil texture,and soil nitrogen helped explain *** work contributes to knowledge of trufflelike fungal diversity,the factors affecting sporocarp distribution across landscapes,and the availability of sporocarps as a food resource for mycophagous *** understanding of fungal diversity and mammal-fungal interactions also has important implications for managing forest biodiversity.

关键词： Basidiomycetes Biodiversity Forest ecology Fungal diversity Mycorrhizal fungi Sequestrate fungi

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Effective desalination and anti-biofouling performance via surface immobilized MWCNTs on RO membrane

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第4期56卷 33-45页

作者： Aneela Sabir Wail Falath Muhammad Shafiq Nafisa Gull Maria Wasim karl IJacob School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA G.W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA Institute of Polymer of Textile Engineering University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

Desalination is considered a viable method to overcome the issue of water scarcity either from waste water or seawater. For this purpose, this study employed a facile approach to develop surface immobilized oxidized-MWCNTs(o-MWCNTs) onto crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) membrane. Firstly, modified polysulphone substrate was synthesized on to which crosslinked PVA layer was spread onto it. PVA layer act as active layer for surface immobilization of o-MWCNTs in varying concentration. The functional group analysis, morphology and roughness of membranes surface was conducted out using FTIR, SEM and AFM respectively. The results showed that modified membranes, immobilized o-MWCNTs enhanced the salt rejection(Na_(2)SO_(4)) upto 99.8%. After contacting with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for 2.5 h the bacteria mortalities of the fabricated membrane could reach 96.9%. Furthermore, the antibiofouling tests showed that OP-MWCNTs(1-5) modified membranes have higher anti-biofouling property than the control membrane.

关键词： Surface immobilized Reverse osmosis Multi walled carbon nanotubes Nanomaterials

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The 2/3 scaling of twig nitrogen to phosphorus in woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 521-528页

作者： Zhiqiang Wang karl JNiklas Zeqing Ma Dechun Jiang Jianming Deng Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

Background:Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are important elements for plant metabolism and ***fore,the quantification of the scaling relationship of N to P in plant organs can help us understand many fundamental ecological *** general scaling relationships between N and P in leaves and in fine roots have been *** compared to leaves and fine roots,however,little information is available on the N versus P scaling relationship in the stems of woody plants,especially for *** this study,a comprehensive dataset comprising 2,038 N=P paired observations for a total of 536 woody species was compiled and analyzed to determine whether a general scaling relationship ***:The global mean values of twig N and P concentrations and N:P ratios were 9.33 mg⋅g^(-1),1.12 mg⋅g^(-1) and 10.16,*** N and P concentrations and N:P ratios differed significantly within and across functional groups and *** all of the species,a uniform 0.67 scaling exponent of twig N to P was observed across different functional groups and biomes,i.e.,a 2/3-power scaling relationship was ***,this numerical value differed across different sites,albeit converging onto 0.67 with increasing sample *** total phosphorus was the largest contributor to the variation in the numerical value of the scaling ***:These results provide useful parameters for stoichiometric growth models,and advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant nutrient *** study has potential implications in predicting responses of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystem responses to changes in the environment.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus Scaling exponents Twigs Woody plants

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