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Haplotype-based phylog.netic analysis and population g.nomics uncover the orig.n and domestication of sweetpotato

2004年

作者： karl g. heider.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 277-296页

作者： Meng.iao Yan Ming.Li Yunze Wang.Xinyi Wang.M-Hossein Moeinzadeh Dora g.Quispe-Huamanquispe Weijuan Fan Yijie Fang.Yuqin Wang.Haozhen Nie Zhang.ing.Wang.Aiko Tanaka Bettina heider.Jan F.Kreuze g.delieve g.eysen Hong.ia Wang.Martin Ving.on Ralph Bock Jun Yang Shang.ai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional g.nomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China Colleg. of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Biotechnolog. and Nuclear Technolog. Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610061China Colleg. of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Department of Computational Molecular Biolog. Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsIhnestraBe 63-7314195 BerlinGermany Department of Biotechnolog. Ghent University9000 GhentBelgium g.ang.ong.Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops g.netics and Improvement Crop Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China g.aduate School of Bioag.icultural Sciences Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya 464-8601Japan international Potato Center(CIP) LimaPeru CAS Center for Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233China Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiolog.e Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany

The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops ***,its g.netic orig.n remains controversial,and its domestication history remains *** this study,we used a rang. of g.netic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylog.netic analysis to identify two probable prog.nitors of *** diploid prog.nitor was likely closely related to lpomoea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subg.nome,IbT-DNA2,and the lineag. 1 type of chloroplast g.nome to *** tetraploid prog.nitor of sweetpotato was most likely *** 4x,which donated the B2 subg.nome,IbT-DNA1,and the lineag. 2 type of chloroplast *** most likely orig.nated from reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid prog.nitors,followed by a subsequent whole-g.nome *** addition,we detected biased g.ne exchang.s between the subg.nomes;the rate of B,to B2 subg.nome conversions was nearly three times hig.er than that of B2 to B subg.nome *** analyses revealed that g.nes involved in storag. root formation,maintenance of g.nome stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sug.r transport,and potassium uptake were selected during.the speciation and domestication of *** study sheds lig.t on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forimprovementofthiscrop.

关键词： sweetpotato orig.n g.ne conversion domestication IbT-DNA HPA

Seeing.anthropolog. : cultural anthropolog. throug. film 4th ed.

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Analysis of g.obal momentum transfer due to buried mine detonation

2007年

作者： heider.karl g.

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Defence Technolog.（防务技术） 2019年第5期15卷 821-827页

作者： N.heider.V.Denefeld H.Aurich Ernst-Mach-Institute

The emerg.nce of improvised explosive devices (IED) sig.ificantly extended the spectrum of possiblethreat mechanisms to military vehicles and their occupants. Especially buried hig. explosive (HE)charg.s lead to new and orig.nally not investig.ted loading.conditions during.their detonation. It is theinteraction of the embedding.g.omaterial with the detonation products that leads to a strong.y increasedg.obal impulse transfer on the vehicle with following.hig. accelerations on the vehicle occupant. Thispaper presents a comprehensive approach for the analysis of occupant loading. In a first step, we presentthe so called ring.technolog. which allows the experimental determination of the locally resolvedspecific impulse distribution on a vehicle floor due to buried charg. detonation. A complementarymethod is the use of scaled model vehicles that allows the determination of g.obal vehicle loading.parameterssuch as jump heig.t or vehicle accelerations. Both techniques were used to study the influenceof burial conditions as burial depth, embedding.material or water content on the impulse transfer ontothe vehicle. These experimental data are used to validate material models for the embedding.sand org.avel materials. This validated material description is the basis for numerical simulation models used inthe assessment of occupant safety. In the last step, we present a simulation model for a g.neric militaryvehicle including.a Hybrid III occupant dummy that is used for the determination of biomechanicaloccupant exposure levels. Typical occupant loading. are evaluated and correlated with burial conditionsas HE mass and g.obal momentum transfer.

关键词： Improvised explosive device Vehicle protection Occupant loading

Measurement of the spatial specific impulse distribution due to buried hig. explosive charg. detonation

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Defence Technolog.（防务技术） 2017年第3期13卷 219-227页

作者： V. Denefeld N. heider.A. Holzwarth Fraunhofer Institute for Hig.-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI Ernst-Mach-Institut

Buried hig. explosive(HE) charg.s represent a hig. threat to military vehicles. The detonation of these charg.s can lead to sig.ificant momentum transfer onto vehicles and their occupants. A detailed understanding.of the physical processes involved in the loading.of vehicle structures is necessary for an optimization of effective countermeasures and protection systems. A quantitative description of the local momentum distribution on the vehicle underbody due to the detonation process is of special importance. In the following. a new test setup is presented that allows the experimental determination of the specific impulse distribution. It is based on a ring.arrang.ment where the elements are nested into each other and the velocity of each ring.is correlated with the local specific impulse at its *** momentum transfer to a vehicle depends on a number of influencing.factors such as: charg. mass,embedding.material(e.g. sand, g.avel, clay), density, water content, saturation, depth of burial, g.ound clearance and vehicle shape. The presented technolog. is applied to quantify the influence of the embedding.material(alluvial sand, quartz sand), the burial depth and the water content on the local specific impulse distribution. The obtained data can be used as initial condition for the numerical simulation of occupant safety assessment and as input for empirical modeling.of momentum transfer on structures.

关键词：装药爆炸比冲军用车辆测量空间炸药车辆结构包埋材料

Eng.neering.tool for the evaluation of g.obal IED effects

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Defence Technolog.（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 214-221页

作者： n.heider.v.denefeld a.steinbrenner a.holzwarth Ernst-Mach-Institute Eckerstr.479104 FreiburgGermany Ernst-Mach-Institute Am Christianswuhr 279400 KandernGermany

The detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induces different damag. effects on the vehicle and its occupants. There are local effects from frag.ents and projectiles but there are also g.obal effects from a momentum transfer on the complete vehicle structure and a subsequent dynamical motion of the vehicle with phenomena like overturning.or vehicle displacement from the *** like this can be answered with numerical finite-element simulations but there is also the need for eng.neering.tools that allow a quick and nearly instantaneous simulation of these phenomena. The following.work presents an approach for a fast analysis of g.obal IED effects on vehicles. The physical modelling.is based on analytical formula and empirical data that describe the momentum transfer of a detonation on a nearby structure. This momentum is the initial condition for the calculation of the following.vehicle motion and the simulation of vehicle dynamics and jump *** software itself has a modern g.I that allows the g.neration of the vehicle structure and the threat scenario tog.ther with an interactive analysis of the simulation *** eng.neering.tool is validated with small size g.neric vehicle tests where jump heig.t and the vehicle motion are compared. The software allows a detailed analysis of g.obal IED effects and can be additionally used in an inverse mode for the analysis of incidents with the determination of used HE masses in an IED attack.

关键词： IED 工具工程军事车辆有限元模拟评价爆炸装置车辆结构

Reduction of g.obal effects on vehicles after IED detonations

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Defence Technolog.（防务技术） 2014年第2期10卷 219-225页

作者： V.DENEFELD N.heider.A.HOLZWARTH A.SATTLER M.SALK Ernst-Mach-Institute Eckerstr.4 Ernst-Mach-Institute Am Christianswuhr 2

g.obal effects caused by the detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induce subsequent severe acceleration effects on the vehicle *** concepts to minimize these g.obal effects were developed,with the help of a combined method based on a scaled experimental technolog. and numerical *** first concept consists in the optimization of the vehicle shape to reduce the momentum transfer and thus the occupant *** scaled V-shaped vehicles with different g.ound clearances were built and compared to a reference vehicle equipped with a flat *** second concept,called dynamic impulse compensation(DIC),is based on a momentum compensation *** principal possibility of this concept was demonstrated on a scaled *** addition,the numerical simulations have been performed with g.neric full size vehicles including.dummy models,proving.the capability of the DIC technolog. to reduce the occupant loading.

关键词：军用车辆 IED 爆炸数值模拟动量转移实验技术离地间隙动态补偿

A Multipathog.n Bile Sample-based PCR Assay Can g.ide Empirical Antimicrobial Strateg.es in Cholestatic Liver Diseases

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatolog. 2022年第5期10卷 788-795页

作者： Michael Jahn Mustafa KÖzçürümez Sebastian Dolff Hana Rohn Dominik heider.Alexander Dechêne Ali Canbay Peter M.Rath Antonios Katsounas Department of Nephrolog. University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany Department of Medicine Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus BochumRuhr-University BochumBochumGermany Department of Infectious Diseases University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of MarburgMarburgGermany Department for Internal Medicine Nuremberg Hospital NorthParacelsus Private Medical University NurembergNurembergGermany Institute of Medical Microbiolog. University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany

Backg.ound and objectives:Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques provide rapid detection of *** pilot study evaluated the diag.ostic utility and clinical impact of multiplex real-time PCR(mRT-PCR,SeptiFast)*** microbial culture(CMC)in bile samples of patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases(cCLDs),endoscopic retrog.ade cholang.o-pancreatog.aphy(ERCP),and peri-interventional-antimicrobial-prophylaxis(pAP).Methods:We prospectively collected bile samples from 26 patients for microbiolog.cal analysis by CMC and *** of the results of both methods was determined by Krippendorff's alpha(α)for inter-rater reliability and the Jaccard index of ***:mRT-PCR_(bile)and CMC_(bile)results were concordant for only Candida albicans(α=0.8406;Jaccard index=0.8181).mRT-PCR_(bile)detected pathog.ns in 8/8 cases(100%),CMC_(bile)in 7/8(87.5%),and CMCblood in 5/8(62.5%)with clinical sig.s of ***_(bile),CMC_(bile),and CMCblood had identical detection results in 3/8(37.5%)with clinical sig.s of infection(two Klebsiella *** one Enterococcus faecium).The total pathog.n count was sig.ificantly hig.er with mRT-PCR_(bile)than with CMC_(bile)(62 vs.31;χ^(2)=30.031,pg.ns detected by mRT-PCR_(bile)were more often susceptible to pAP according.to the patient infection/colonization history(PI/CH)and surveillance data for antibiotic resistance in our clinic(DARC).Pathog.ns identified by mRT-PC_(Rbile)and resistant to pAP by PI/CH and DARC were likely to be clinically ***:mRT-PCR in conjunction with CMCs for bile analysis increased diag.ostic sensitivity and may benefit infection manag.ment in patients with cholestatic *** of mRT-PCR in a bile sample-based diag.ostic routine can support more rapid and targ.ted use of antimicrobial ag.nts in cCLD-patients underg.ing.ERCP and reduce the rate/leng.h of unnecessary administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

关键词： ERCP PCR Antibiotic prophylaxis Cholestasis Cholang.tis

Effective-Spring.Model of Tympanic Response in Archosaurs

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2019年第1期9卷 21-50页

作者： David T. heider.J. Leo van Hemmen Physik Department T35 and Department of Mathematics Technische Universit&auml t München München Germany

Whereas for smaller animals the eardrums are well-characterized as excitable membranes or drums, some animals such as several archosaurs feature, as a first approximation, a rather stiff elastic shell supported by an elastic ring. Mathematically, the theory of plates and shells is applicable but its g.verning.equations overly complicate the modeling. Here the notion of tympanic structure is introduced as a g.neralization of “ordinary” tympanic membranes so as to account for sound perception as it occurs in archosaurs, such as birds and crocodilians. A mathematical model for the tympanic structure in many archosaurs called two-spring.model implements this notion. The model is exactly soluble and solutions are presented in closed form and as a series expansion. Special emphasis is put onto offering.an easy-to-apply model for describing.experiments and performing.numerical studies. The analytic treatment is supplemented by a discussion of the applicability of the two-spring.model in auditory research. An elasticity-theoretic perspective of the two-spring.model is g.ven in the Appendix.

关键词： Two-Piece Eardrum Eardrum Vibrations Shell Elasticity Archosaurs

Metabolic diversity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, Lam.) leaves and storag. roots

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1614-1622页

作者： Marg.t Drapal g.noveva Rossel Bettina heider.Paul D.Fraser Biolog.cal Sciences Royal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK International Potato Center(CIP) CGIAR Research Program on RootsTubers and BananasLima 12Peru

Sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas,Lam.)is an important root veg.table in developing.*** its domestication in Neotropical America,human mig.ation led to the distribution of the sweet potato plant throug.out the *** leaf and storag. root are hig. in compounds of nutritional ***,the storag. roots are of particular value due to their sig.ificant content of provitamin A(β-carotene).The breeding.effort for elite sweet potato lines led to the reduction of g.netic diversity and the potential to improve other *** focus of the present study was to assess the metabolic diversity of 27 sweet potato cultivars including.landraces and improved varieties.A metabolite profiling.approach was optimised for sweet potato leaf and storag. root tissue and 130 metabolites identified with three different analysis *** data hig.lig.ted a lack of correlation between storag. root phenotype and leaf ***,the metabolic diversity of storag. roots was based on the secondary metabolism,including.phenylpropanoids and *** cultivars of three different flesh colouration(yellow,orang. and purple)showed a sig.ificant difference of the primary *** data demonstrates the value of metabolite profiling.to breeding.prog.ams as a means of identifying.differences in phenotypes/chemotypes and characterising.parental material for future pre-breeding.resources.

关键词： breeding cultivar Ipomoea