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Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第2期9卷 1-11页

作者： Helena Prior Filipe Mila Kostic Mildred Lopez karl Golnik West Lisbon Hospitals Center Hospital Egas MonizLisbonPortugal Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research LisbonPortugal Continuing Education and development in Health Professions RichboroPAUSA Coordinación de Educación en Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Mexico CityMexico department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA department of Ophthalmology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in *** study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in *** key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational ***:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of ***,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past *** Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning *** integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning *** consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within ***:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational *** literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology *** advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.

关键词： Social media(SoMe) health professions education(HPE) active learning social learning technology enhanced learning

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Distortions in focusing laser pulses due to spatio-temporal couplings:an analytic description

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 20-40页

作者： Klaus Steiniger Fabia Dietrich Daniel Albach Michael Bussmann Arie Irman Markus Loeser Richard Pausch Thomas Püschel Roland Sauerbrey Susanne Schöbel Ulrich Schramm Mathias Siebold karl Zeil Alexander debus Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf DresdenGermany CASUS-Center for Advanced Systems Understanding GörlitzGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany

In ultra-short laser pulses,small changes in dispersion properties before the final focusing mirror can lead to severe pulse distortions around the focus and therefore to very different pulse properties at the point of laser±matter interaction,yielding unexpected interaction *** mapping between far-and near-field laser properties intricately depends on the spatial and angular dispersion properties as well as the focal *** a focused Gaussian laser pulse under the influence of angular,spatial and group-delay dispersion,we derive analytical expressions for its pulse-front tilt,duration and width from a fully analytic expression for its electric field in the time±space domain obtained with scalar diffraction *** expression is not only valid in and near the focus but also along the entire propagation distance from the focusing mirror to the *** relating angular,spatial and group-delay dispersion before focusing at an off-axis parabola,where they are well measurable,to the respective values in the pulse’s focus are obtained by a ray tracing ***,these formulas are used to show in example setups that the pulse-front tilts of lasers with small initial dispersion can become several tens of degrees larger in the vicinity of the focus while being small directly in the *** formulas derived here provide the analytical foundation for observations previously made in numerical *** numerically simulating Gaussian pulse propagation and measuring properties of the pulse at distances several rayleigh lengths off the focus,we verify the analytic expressions.

关键词： group-delay dispersion pulse-front tilt spatio-temporal couplings third-order dispersion ultra-short laser pulses

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Improving the training abilities of ophthalmic educators: the Ophthalmology Foundation’s initiatives

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第1期9卷 1-3页

作者： karl Golnik Yip Chee Chew Gabriela Palis Meenakshi Swaminathan department of Ophthalmology at the University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOHUSA. department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Khoo Teck Puat HospitalSingaporeSingapore Ophthalmology department Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Capstone Clinic ChennaiIndia Sri Ramachandra Medical College ChennaiIndia

Our goal as medical educators is for our students to learn what they need to know and competently perform ophthalmic *** addition,the students need to have good communication skills and behave professionally and ethically(1,2).Most medical educators are not taught how to teach but rather learn by role-modeling their *** can be good or bad depending on the mentor!In addition,the amount of knowledge and numbers of surgical procedures is ever increasing and yet,in most countries,the amount of time to train and become competent is not ***,our goal of creating competent ophthalmologists is ever more challenging.

关键词： Ophthalmology Foundation teaching skills feedback

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Magnetocaloric effect of Pr_2Fe_(17-x)Mn_x alloys

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Rare Metals 2014年第5期33卷 552-555页

作者： Xi-Chun Zhong Zhong-Wu Liu de-Chang Zeng karl A.Gschneidner Jr. Vitalij K.Pecharsky School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Ames Laboratory U.S.Department of Energy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University

Polycrystalline Pr2Fe17-xMnx（x = 0, 1, and 2）alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, heat capacity, ac susceptibility, and isothermal magnetization measurements. All the alloys adopt the rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type structure. The Curie temperature increases from 283 K at x = 0 to 294 K at x = 1, and then decreases to 285 K at x = 2. The magnetic phase transition at the Curie temperature is a typical second-order paramagnetic–ferromagnetic transition. For an applied field change from0 to 5 T, the maximum-△SM for Pr2Fe17-xMnxalloys with x = 0, 1, and 2 are 5.66, 5.07, and 4.31 J·kg^-1·K^-1,respectively. The refrigerant capacity（RC） values range from 458 to 364 J·kg^-1, which is about 70 %–89 % that of Gd. The large, near room temperature △SM and RC values,chemical stability, and a high performance-to-cost ratio make Pr2Fe17-xMnxalloys be selectable materials for room temperature magnetic refrigeration applications.

关键词： Pr2Fe17-xMnx alloys Magnetocaloric effect Magnetic entropy change

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Holographic topological semimetals

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第5期63卷 6-30页

作者： karl Landsteiner Yan Liu Ya-Wen Sun Instiuto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC C/Nicolas Cabrera 13-15Campus CantoblancoCantoblanco 28049Spain Center for Gravitational Physics Department of Space ScienceBeihang UniversityBejing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Indusry and Information Technology.Beijing 100191China School of Physics&CAS Center for Excllence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The holographic duality allows to construct and study models of strongly coupled quantum matter via dual gravitational *** general such models are characterized by the absence of quasiparticles, hydrodynamic behavior and Planckian dissipation times. One particular interesting class of quantum materials are ungapped topological semimetals which have many interesting properties from Hall transport to topologically protected edge states. We review the application of the holographic duality to this type of quantum matter including the construction of holographic Weyl semimetals, nodal line semimetals, quantum phase transition to trivial states(ungapped and gapped), the holographic dual of Fermi arcs and how new unexpected transport properties,such as Hall viscosities arise. The holographic models promise to lead to new insights into the properties of this type of quantum matter.

关键词： gauge/gravity duality topological semimetal Weyl semimetal anomaly

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Multiple Redox and Non-Redox Interactions define 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin as a Regulatory Hub in the Chloroplast

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1273-1288页

作者： Meenakumari Muthuramalingam Thorsten Seidel Miriam Laxa Susana M. Nunes de Miranda Florian Gartner Elke Stroher Andrea Kandlbinder karl-Josef Dietz Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants W5-134 Bielefeld University 33501 Bielefeld Germany

In plants, the highly abundant 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin （2-CysPrx） is associated with the chloroplast and involved in protecting photosynthesis. This work addresses the multiple interactions of the 2-CysPrx in the chloroplast, which depend on its redox state. Transcript co-regulation analysis showed a strong linkage to the peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans isomerase Cyclophilin 20-3 （Cyp20-3） and other components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Co-expression in protoplasts and quantification of fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET） efficiency in vivo confirmed protein interactions of 2-CysPrx with Cyp20-3 as well as NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C （NTRC）, while thioredoxin x （Trx-x） did not form complexes that could enable FRET. Likewise, changes in FRET of fluorescently labeled 2-CysPrx in vitro and in vivo proved redox dependent dynamics of 2-CysPrx. Addition of Cyp20-3 to an in vitro peroxidase assay with 2-CysPrx had no significant effect on peroxide reduction. Also, in the presence of NTRC, addition of Cyp20-3 did not further enhance peroxide reduction. In addition, 2-CysPrx functioned as chaperone and inhibited aggregation of citrate synthase during heat treatment. This activity was partly inhibited by Cyp20-3. As a new interaction partner of decameric 2-CysPrx, photosystem Ⅱ could be identified after chloroplast fractionation and in pull-down assays after reconstitution. In summary, the data indicate a dynamic function of plant 2-CysPrx as redox sensor, chaperone, and regulator in the chloroplast with diverse functions beyond its role as thiol peroxidase.

关键词： Oxidative and photo-oxidative stress photosynthesis chloroplast biology Arabidopsis cyclophilin peroxiredoxin thioredoxin.

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Counterfactual definiteness and Bell’s Inequality

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第13期7卷 1651-1660页

作者： karl Hess Hans de Raedt Kristel Michielsen Center for Advanced Study University of Illinois Urbana IL USA Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Supercomputing Centre Jülich Germany RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Counterfactual definiteness must be used as at least one of the postulates or axioms that are necessary to derive Bell-type inequalities. It is considered by many to be a postulate that not only is commensurate with classical physics (as for example Einstein’s special relativity), but also separates and distinguishes classical physics from quantum mechanics. It is the purpose of this paper to show that Bell’s choice of mathematical functions and independent variables implicitly includes counterfactual definiteness. However, his particular choice of variables reduces the generality of his theory, as well as the physics of all Bell-type theories, so significantly that no meaningful comparison of these theories with actual Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiments can be made.

关键词： Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Foundations of Probability Bell Inequality

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Analysis of Wigner’s Set Theoretical Proof for Bell-Type Inequalities

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Journal of Modern Physics 2017年第1期8卷 57-67页

作者： karl Hess Hans de Raedt Kristel Michielsen Center for Advanced Study University of Illinois Urbana IL USA Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

We present a detailed analysis of the set theoretical proof of Wigner for Bell type inequalities with the following result. Wigner introduced a crucial assumption that is not related to Einstein’s local realism, but instead, without justification, to the existence of certain joint probability measures for possible and actual measurement outcomes of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiments. His conclusions about Einstein’s local realism are, therefore, not applicable to EPR experiments and the contradiction of the experimental outcomes to Wigner’s results has no bearing on the validity of Einstein’s local realism.

关键词： Bell Inequality Local Realism Nonlocality

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Selective deletion of the soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 isoform in vivo prevents estrogen-deficiency bone loss in mice

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Bone Research 2017年第4期5卷 367-374页

作者： Gang-Qing Yao Nancy Troiano Christine A Simpson karl L Insogna department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUSA department of Orthopaedics Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUSA

Neutralizing CSF1 in vivo completely prevents ovariectomy （OVX）-induced bone loss in mice. There are two isoforms of CSF1, soluble （sCSF1）, and membrane-bound （mCSF1）, but their individual biological functions are unclear. It had been previously reported that mCSF1 knockout （K/O） and wild type （Wt） female mice experience the same degree of bone loss following OVX. In Wt mice the expression of sCSF1 was elevated fourfold in skeletal tissue following OVX while expression of mCSF1 was unchanged. To examine the role of sCSF1 in OVX-induced bone loss, mice were engineered in which sCSF1 was not expressed but expression of mCSF1 was unaffected （sCSF1 K/O）. Isoform-specific reverse transcription PCR confirmed the absence of transcripts for sCSF1 in bone tissue isolated from these animals and no circulating CSF1 was detected by ELISA. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in bone mineral density （BMD） between sCSF1 K/O mice and Wt controls as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. However, one month after OVX, femoral, spinal and total BMD had declined by 11.2%, 8.9%, and 8.7% respectively in OVX-Wt animals as compared to Sham-OVX. In contrast OVX sCSF1 K/O mice showed changes of ＋0.1%, - 2.4%, and ＋2.3% at the same 3 sites compared to Sham-OVX sCSF1 K/O mice. These data indicate important non-redundant functions for the two isoforms of CSF1 and suggest that sCSF1, but not mCSF1, plays a key role in estrogen-deficiency bone loss.

关键词： CSF Selective deletion of the soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 isoform in vivo prevents estrogen-deficiency bone loss in mice

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Spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock in an olive orchard at catchment scale in Southern Spain

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 311-326页

作者： Jose A.Gòmez Gema Guzmán Tom Vanwalleghem karl Vanderlinden Institute for Sustainable Agriculture.Spanish National Research Council(IAS-CSIC) Alameda del Obispo S/N14004CordobaSpain department of Agronomy University of CordobaCampus de Rabanales14071CordobaSpain Centro IFAPA Alameda del Obispo 14004CordobaSpain

Orchards have a high potential for carbon ***,little research is available on the spatial variability at catchment scale and on the difference between the tree area and the *** analyzed theik spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock,SOCstock at 90 cm depth in an 8-ha catchment in Southern Spain with olives on a vertic *** showed higher soil organic carbon concentration,SOC,in the tree area as compared to the lane up to 60 cm depth,but its impact on SOCstock was negligible since it was compensated by the higher soil bulk density in the *** at different depths was correlated with that in the top 0-5 *** overall SOCstock of the orchard was 4.14 kg m^(-2),ranging between 1.8 and 6.0 kg m^(-2).This SOCstock is in the mid-lower range of values reported for olive orchards,measured at smaller scale,and similar to those other intensive field crops and agroforestry under comparable rainfall *** spatial variability in SOCstock was correlated to several geomorphological variables:elevation,cumulative upstream area,topographic wetness index,sediment transport index,and tillage *** in SOC and SOCstock are driven by the sediment redis-tribution downslope,mainly by tillage erosion,and higher soil water availability in lower areas allowing higher biomass *** topographic indexes and the correlation between SOC in the topsoil and SOCstock up to 90 cm should be further explored in other typology of olive orchards for facilitating the mapping of SOC_(stock).

关键词： Carbon sequestration Mediterraneancrops Catchment Spatial variability Vertic soils

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