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Neuroimaging perspective in targeted treatment for type 2 diabetes melitus and sleep disorders

Intelligent medicine 2022年第4期2卷 209-220页

作者： karen m.von deneen malgorzata A.Garstka Center for Brain Imaging School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710126China International Joint Research Center for Advanced medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment&Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710126China Core Research Laboratory Department of Endocrinologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710004China Department of Tumor and Immunology Precision Medical InstituteWestern China Science and Technology Innovation PortSchool of Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710004China

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2Dm)and sleep disorders(SD)have become important and costly health issues world-wide,particularly in China.Both are common diseases related to brain functional and structural abnormalities involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The brains of individuals who suffer from both diseases simultaneously might be different compared to healthy individuals.This review assessed current neuroimaging findings to develop alternative targeted treatments for T2Dm and SD.Relevant articles published between Jan-uary 2002 and September 2021 were searched in Pubmed and Web of Science databases.Generalized treatment methods for T2Dm include dietary/weight-loss management,metformin or a combination of two non-insulin drugs,and melatonin for SD,though alternative therapies including electroacupuncture(EA)have been utilized in treating both of these diseases separately because they are convenient,affordable,and safe.Standard and al-ternative treatments for T2Dm were somehow effective in treating SD.Neuroimaging studies of these disorders can achieve higher treatment efficacy by targeting brain areas,such as the hypothalamus(HYP),as visualized via diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fmRI).DTI and fmRI can map the human brain and are utilized in many experiments.Thus,we propose that neuroimaging studies could be used in treatment of SD in T2Dm.

关键词： Neuroimaging Diabetes mellitus Sleep disorders Alternative medicine Electroacupuncture Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

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Electroacupuncture reduces posterior cingulate cortex activation and functional connectivity during food cue stimulation in overweight/obese subjects

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第7期63卷 63-65页

作者： Yang HE karen m.von deneen Guanya LI mingzhu XU Wenjing ZHANG Xiaoping LI Yuanyuan REN Yi ZHANG Center for Brain Imaging School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Department of Acupuncture and massage Xi'an Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShaanxi University of Chinese Medicine

Dear editor,Obesity is a pervasive public health issue involving excessive adiposity or body fat, and causes metabolic diseases including insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and heart disease [1]. Among the anti-obesity interventions, electroacupuncture (EA) is regarded as the safest and most effective alternative treatment

关键词： overweight/obese electroacupuncture fmRI food-cue reactivity generalized psychophysiological interaction dorsal anterior cingulate cortex posterior cingulate cortex

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Risks posed by obesity to body-surface narrowband wireless communication

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第29期59卷 3949-3954页

作者： Xiaodong Yang Qing Zhang Shuyuan Yang Aifeng Ren Zhiya Zhang karen m.von deneen Yang Hao School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University Shaanxi maternal and Child Care Service Centre School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen MaryUniversity of LondonLondon E1 4NSUK

Little work has been done on the effect of being overweight on the wireless narrowband radio propagation of wearable medical instruments.In this paper,by applying a finite-difference time-domain technique and a statistical learning method,the authors find that being overweight might be an obstacle to body-surface wireless communication.The findings have certain instructive meanings for those engineers who are designing on-body medical instruments for patients,especially those patients who are overweight.

关键词：无线通信体表面窄带风险肥胖统计学习方法医疗器械无线电传播

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Correlations between cognitive function and gray matter alterations in patients with acute lacunar stroke

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Brain Science Advances 2021年第2期7卷 112-123页

作者： karen m.von deneen School of Life Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126ShaanxiChina

Researchers emphasized acute lacunar stroke(ALS)patients suffer from poor social/physical outcomes,cognitive decline,and decreased quality of life.We hypothesized brain abnormalities may occur in ALS during this particular stage and may be associated with cognitive deficits upon evaluation.We investigated structural abnormalities in ALS using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry conducted on 28 healthy controls(HC)and 29 patients with ALS and proximal anterior circulation occlusion within 12 hours of symptom onset.mini-mental State Examination(mmSE)scores were used to evaluate cognitive dysfunction.Decreased gray matter(Gm)in ALS vs.HC was predominantly in the superior frontal gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus,insula,superior temporal gyrus(STG),heschl gyrus,middle temporal gyrus(mTG),posterior cingulate cortex(PCC),hippocampus(HIP),and others.Positive correlation was found between Gm density and mmSE scores in STG(r=0.59,p=0.0007),mTG(r=0.46,p=0.01),PCC(r=0.42,p=0.02),HIP(r=0.4,p=0.03),and medial prefrontal cortex(r=0.5,p=0.005).This study provided further information on pathophysiological/morphological mechanisms related to cognitive impairment in ALS and is the basis for further studies in aging-related diseases.

关键词： acute lacunar stroke voxel-based morphometry cognitive function gray matter volume mRI

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Individual differences of maladaptive brain changes in migraine and their relationship with differential effectiveness of treatments

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Brain Science Advances 2019年第4期5卷 239-255页

作者： karen m.von deneen Ling Zhao Jixin Liu Center for Brain Imaging School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an 710126ShaanxiChina Engineering Research Center of molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of EducationXi'an 710126ShaanxiChina Acupuncture and Tuina School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075SichuanChina

migraine is a difficult disorder to identify with regard to its pathophysiological mechanisms,and its treatment has been primarily difficult owing to interindividual differences.Substantial rates of nonresponsiveness to medications are common,making migraine treatment complicated.In this review,we systematically analyzed recent studies concerning neuroimaging findings regarding the neurophysiology of migraine.We linked the current imaging research with anecdotal evidence from interindividual factors such as duration and pain intensity of migraine,age,gender,hormonal interplay,and genetics.These factors suggested the use of nonpharmacological therapies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,and placebo therapy for the treatment of migraine.Finally,we discussed how interindividual differences are related to such nondrug treatments.

关键词： migraine nonpharmacological treatment individual differences neuroimaging

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A hybrid network integrating convolution and transformer for thymoma segmentation

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Intelligent medicine 2023年第3期3卷 164-172页

作者： Jingyuan Li Wenfang Sun Xiulong Feng karen mvon deneen Wen Wang Guangbin Cui Yi Zhang Center for Brain Imaging School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710126China International Joint Research Center for Advanced medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment&Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710126China School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710126China Department of Radiology Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityNo.4 Xinsi RoadXi'anShaanxi 710038China

Background manual segmentation of thymoma is an onerous,labor-intensive,and subjective task for radiologists.Accordingly,the development of an automatic and efficient method for thymoma segmentation can be valuable for the early detection and diagnosis of this malignancy.methods Three hundred and ten subjects were enrolled in this retrospective study and all underwent CECT scans.All the scans were manually labeled by four experienced radiologists.The successful application of convolution neural networks(CNNs)and Transformer in computer vision led us to propose a hybrid CNN–Transformer architecture,named transformer attention Net(TA-Net),that would allow the utilization of both local information from CNN features and the global information encoded by Transformers.U-Net was used as the basic structure and Transformers were inserted into convolution blocks in the encoder.In addition,attention gates were embedded in skip connections to highlight salient features.Comparison of the accuracy,intersection over Union(IoU),Dice score,and Boundary F1 contour matching score(BFScore)between the predicted segmentation and the manual labels were utilized to evaluate segmentation performance.Results For thymoma segmentation using TA-Net,the accuracy,Dice score,IoU,and BFScore were 92.49%,89.92%,83.80%,and 0.8945,respectively,and no significant differences were detected among tumor types and enhanced phases.Our proposed method achieved the best performance when compared with state-of-the-art methods.Conclusion The proposed method,which combines CNNs with Transformer,achives outstanding performance in thymoma segmentation compared with previous methods.TA-Net may provide consistent and reproducible delineation,thereby assisting radiologists in clinical applications.

关键词： Semantic segmentation Convolution neural network Transformer Attention mechanism Thymoma

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Two Sets of Acupoint Combination of Similar Functions Engage Shared Neural Representation:A Functional magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

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Chinese Journal of Integrative medicine 2014年第3期20卷 184-193页

作者：赵凌秦伟刘继欣方莉董明皓张富文蒋萃孙金铂 karen.m.von deneen 梁繁荣 College of Acupuncture and Tuina Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Life Sciences Research Center School of Life Sciences and TechnologyXidian University The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese medicine The Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese medicine

Objective： To investigate whether the neural representations underlying alternating two acupoint combinations （ACs） are the same or not. methods： In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, two sets of analgesia ACs were utilized, including Waiguan （TE5） and Qiuxu （GB40） for Group A, and Neiguan （PC6） and Taichong （LR3） for Group B, which are the most commonly adopted in clinical treatment. Each group had 20 healthy subjects. An experinlental design was proposed, which consisted of a pre-needling resting phase, a needling phase and a post-needling resting phase. This paradigm optimally mimics the clinical protocol as well as focuses on both the stimulation and the resting periods. The results were subjected to general linear model analysis, conjunction analysis and the functional connectivity analysis. Results： The rostral anterior cingulated cortex was engaged in the initiative period of the acupuncture effect in both groups, and it was chosen as the seed region for the functional connectivity analysis for the following resting period. The results showed that several shared brain regions were involved in both groups, in particular the insula, amygdala and hypothalamus. moreover, significant differences were located at the posterior cingulated cortex as revealed by a two sample t-test （P〈0.05, corrected）. Other regions showed no significant differences. This finding was further supported by the spatial correlation analysis that the two groups were significantly correlated （r=0.51, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： This preliminary research helps us understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture when following clinical guidelines on ACs, as well as provides an important opportunity to develop better treatment strategies for reducing, or even preventing pain.

关键词： acupoint combination acupuncture analgesia functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Abnormal function of the posterior cingulate cortex in heroin addicted users during resting-state and drug-cue stimulation task

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Chinese medical Journal 2013年第4期126卷 734-739页

作者： LI Qiang YANG Wei-chuan WANG Ya-rong HUANG Yu-fang LI Wei ZHU Jia ZHANG Yi ZHAO Li-yan QIN Wei YUAN Kai karen m. von deneen WANG Wei TIAN Jie Department of Radiology Tangdu Hospital the Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710038 China Life Sciences Research Center School of Life Sciences and Technology Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710071 China National Institute on Drug Dependence Peking University Beijing100191 China

Background Previous animal and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that brain function in heroin addicted users is impaired. However, the posterior cingulate cortex （PCC） has not received much attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic heroin use is associated with craving-related changes in the functional connectivity of the PCC of heroin addicted users. methods Fourteen male adult chronic heroin users and fifteen age and gender-matched healthy subjects participated in the present study. The participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fmRI） scan and a cue-induced craving task fmRI scan. The activated PCC was identified in the cue-induced craving task by means of a group contrast test. Functional connectivity was analyzed based on resting-state fmRI data in order to determine the correlation between brain regions. The relationship between the connectivity of specific regions and heroin dependence was investigated. Results The activation of PCC, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, putamen, precuneus, and thalamus was significant in the heroin group compared to the healthy group in the cue-induced craving task. The detectable functional connectivity of the heroin users was stronger between the PCC and bilateral insula, bilateral dorsal striatum, right inferior parietal Iobule （IPL） and right supramarginal gyrus （P 〈0.001） compared to that of the healthy subjects in the resting-state data analysis. The strength of the functional connectivity, both for the PCC-insula （r=0.60, P 〈0.05） and for PCC-striatum （t=0.58, P 〈0.05）, was positively correlated with the duration of heroin use. Conclusion The altered functional connectivity patterns in the PCC-insula and PCC-striatum areas may be regarded as biomarkers of brain damage severity in chronic heroin users.

关键词： heroin craving resting-state posterior cingulate cortex functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Rising role of artificial intelligence in image reconstruction for biomedical imaging

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Artificial Intelligence in medical Imaging 2020年第1期1卷 1-5页

作者： Xue-Li Chen Tian-Yu Yan Nan Wang karen m.von deneen Engineering Research Center of molecular and Neuro Imaging of ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’an 710126Shaanxi ProvinceChina

In this editorial,we review recent progress on the applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in image reconstruction for biomedical imaging.Because it abandons prior information of traditional artificial design and adopts a completely data-driven mode to obtain deeper prior information via learning,AI technology plays an increasingly important role in biomedical image reconstruction.The combination of AI technology and the biomedical image reconstruction method has become a hotspot in the field.Favoring AI,the performance of biomedical image reconstruction has been improved in terms of accuracy,resolution,imaging speed,etc.We specifically focus on how to use AI technology to improve the performance of biomedical image reconstruction,and propose possible future directions in this field.

关键词： Biomedical imaging Image reconstruction Artificial intelligence machine learning Deep learning Tomography

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： matthew D.Geiger Anne m.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove karen L.Christopher Richard S.Davidson michael J.Taravella Naresh mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIm:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.mETHODS:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of medicine.Data collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the study.RESULTS:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the study.Ocular comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for confounders.males had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer significant.males were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/25.CONCLUSION:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for males.However,observed surgical complication rates exhibit almost no difference by sex afte

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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