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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 447-453页

作者： Kate Parker Anna Timperio Jo Salmon karen Villanueva Helen Brown Irene Esteban-Cornejo Veronica Cabanas-Sánchez José Castro-Pinero David Sánchez-Oliva Oscarl.Veiga School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition(IPAN)Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3220Australia Centre for Urban Research School of Global Urban and Social StudiesRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Department of PsychologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity(PROFITH)research group Department of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18010Spain Department of Physical Education Sports and Human MovementAutonomous University of MadridMadrid 28049Spain Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure(CIAFEL)Faculty of SportUniversity of PortoPorto 4099-002Portugal Department of Physical Education Faculty of Education SciencesUniversity of CadizPuerto Real 11003Spain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz(INiBICA) Cadiz 11003Spain

Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary *** physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not *** study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related ***:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in *** class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at *** each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class ***:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at *** time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between *** changes in physical activity were found in any typology among *** adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 ***:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and *** characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.

关键词： Behavior change Physical activity Sedentary behavior Typologies youth

land application of spent gypsum from ditch filters: phosphorus source or sink?

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 364-374页

作者： karen l. Grubb Joshua M McGrath Chad J. Penn Ray B. Bryant Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park PA USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service College Park PA USA USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture Washington D.C. USA

Agricultural drainage ditches can provide a direct connection between fields and surface waters, and some have been shown to deliver high loads of phosphorus (P) to sensitive water bodies. A potential way to reduce nutrient loads in drainage ditches is to install filter structures containing P sorbing materials (PSMs) such as gypsum to remove P from ditch flow. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of land-application of gypsum removed from such filters on soil P forms and concentrations. Gypsum was saturated at two levels on a mass basis of P and applied to two soils of contrasting texture, a silt loam and a sandy loam and applied at both a high and low rate. The treated soils were incubated in the laboratory at 25oC, and samples were collected at 1, 7, and 119 days after initiation. Soil type, time after application, gypsum rate, and P saturation level all had a significant impact on soil P forms and concen-trations. However, it appears that land application of spent filter gypsum at realistic rates would have little effect on soluble P concentrations in amended soils.

关键词： Phosphorus Sorbing Materials Gypsum Ditch Filter

Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species： The red wolf Canis rufus as a case study

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 191-205页

作者： Eric M. GESE Fred F. KNOWlTON Jennifer R. ADAMS karen BECK Todd K. FUllER Dennis l. MURRAy Todd D. STEURy Michael K. STOSKOPF Will T. WADDEll lisette P. WAITS USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA Department ofFish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-1136 USA Environmental Medicine Consortium College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA Department of Environmental Conservation 160 Holdsworth Way University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003-9285 USA Department of Biology Trent University 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium 5400 North Pearl Street Tacoma WA 98407 USA

Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and managers. While hybridization is an important evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat formany native species. The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From 1987-1993, 63 red wolves were released from captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experimental population. By 1999, managers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive management plan was adopted with innovative approaches for managing the threat of hybri- dization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive management efforts from 1993 to 2013 by comparing：（1） the numbers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, （2） the numbers of territorial social groups with presumed breeding capabili- ties, （3） the number of red wolf and hybrid litters documented each year and （4） the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We documented substantial increases in the number of known red wolves and red wolf social groups from 1987-2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by *** number of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21%. The genetic composition of the wild red wolf population is estimated to include 〈 4% coyote ancestry from recent introgression since reintroduction. We conclude that the adaptive management plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current management plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future. More broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from red wolf adaptive management that could assist other endangered species r

关键词： Canid Conservation Genetics Hybrid Management

Optimization of Image Quality in Retrospective Respiratory-Gated Micro-CT for Quantitative Measurements of lung Function in Free-Breathing Rats

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第4期7卷 157-172页

作者： Nancy l. Ford Andrew Jeklin karen yip Darren yohan David W. Holdsworth Maria Drangova Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Physics Ryerson University Toronto Canada Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry The University of Western Ontario London Canada

Objective: To optimize scan time and X-ray dose with no loss of image quality for retrospectively gated micro-CT scans of free-breathing rats. Methods: Five free-breathing rats were scanned using a dynamic micro-CT scanner over 10 continuous gantry rotations (50 seconds and entrance dose of 0.28 Gy). The in-phase projection views were selected and reconstructed, representing peak inspiration and end expiration from all 10 rotations and progressively fewer rotations. A least error method was also used to ensure that all angular positions were filled. Image quality and reproducibility for physiological measurements were compared for the two techniques. Results: The least error approach underestimated the lung volume, air content in the lung at peak inspiration, and tidal volume. Other measurements showed no differences between the projection-sorting techniques. Conclusions: Seven gantry rotations (35 seconds and 0.2 Gy dose) proved to be the optimal protocol for both the in-phase images and the least error images.

关键词： Respiratory-Gating Micro-CT lung Imaging Free-Breathing Rats Tidal Volume

Maize Carbohydrate Partitioning Defective33 Encodes an MCTP Protein and Functions in Sucrose Export from leaves

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1278-1293页

作者： Thu M.Tran Tyler J.McCubbin Saadia Bihmidine Benjamin T.Julius R.Frank Baker Martin Schauflinger Clifford Weil Nathan Springer Paul Chomet Ruth Wagner Jeff Woessner karen Grote Jeanette Peevers Thomas l.Slewinski David M.Braun Division of Biological Sciences’Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Electron Microscopy Core Facility University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA NRGene Inc. 8910 University Center Lane\r\n S u ite 400San DiegoCA 92122USA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMO 63017USA National Key laboratory for Plant Cell Technology Agricultural Genetics InstituteHanoiVietnam

To sustain plant growth,development,and crop yield,sucrose must be transported from leaves to distant parts of the plant,such as seeds and *** identify genes that regulate sucrose accumulation and transport in maize(Zea mays),we isolated carbo/iydrafe part/f/ofi/ngf defecf/Ve33(cpd33),a recessive mutant that accumulated excess starch and soluble sugars in mature *** cpd33 mutants also exhibited chlorosis in the leaf blades,greatly diminished plant growth,and reduced ***33 encodes a protein containing multiple C2 domains and transmembrane *** localization experiments showed the CPD33 protein localized to plasmodesmata(PD),the plasma membrane,and the endoplasmic *** also found that a loss-of-function mutant of the CPD33 homolog in Arabidopsis,QUIRKy,had a similar carbohydrate hyperaccumulation *** labeled sucrose transport assays showed that sucrose export was significantly lower in cpd33 mutant leaves relative to wild-type ***,PD transport in the adaxial-abaxial direction was unaffected in cpd33 mutant ***,transmission electron microscopy revealed fewer PD at the companion cell-sieve element interface in mutant phloem tissue,providing a possible explanation for the reduced sucrose export in mutant ***,our results suggest that CPD33 functions to promote symplastic transport into sieve elements.

关键词： carbohydrate accumulation companion cells phloem, plasmodesmata sieve elements symplastictransport

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河流作用研究的进展

世界地质 1986年第2期 31-39页

作者： karen l.Prestegaard 刘祥

现今,关于非冲积河床控制和河流力学详细的野外调查,使我们对河流作用的研究前进了。河流河床地形的非冲积控制,包括诸如木质碎屑,基岩露头和静止的沉积物这样一些特点。河流河床的这些特点,以及流量和沉积物特征都是河系的独立变量。... 详细信息

现今,关于非冲积河床控制和河流力学详细的野外调查,使我们对河流作用的研究前进了。河流河床地形的非冲积控制,包括诸如木质碎屑,基岩露头和静止的沉积物这样一些特点。河流河床的这些特点,以及流量和沉积物特征都是河系的独立变量。非冲积特点,通过固定的水池位置和对其起作用的斜坡、阻力和沉积物的搬运来影响河床地形。在过去十年里,地貌学家、工程师和沉积学家一直进行河流作用,特殊沉积物的搬运和沉积的详细的野外研究。这些研究表明了河流作用的复杂性,并提供了砾石覆盖面形成、点砂坝形成力学、急流—水池序列维持和其他作用的新的观点。这个令人鼓舞的调查趋势可以证明,在今后几年内,会更富有成果。

关键词：冲积河床木质基岩底岩岩石河流作用碎屑冲积河流砾石坝砂坝水流阻力

Registered Dietitian Wellness Insurance Benefit Makes a Difference in Adult Weight Management: A Pre-Post Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第10期2卷 1043-1047页

作者： linda Snetselaar karen l. Smith Donna Hollinger Esther Myers Gwen Murphy laura Goettinger Qualls 不详

Registered Dietitian (RD) services as part of insurance wellness programs offer a promising potential venue for improving public health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of RD nutrition counseling services provided as part of an insurance benefit on body weight and associated health parameters. Eligible members could enroll to receive 6 RDs visits a year for assistance with weight management. The study RDs were randomized into either Usual Care (UC) or lifestyle Case Management (lCM) groups. Body weight, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements of program enrollees were evaluated for between group as well as start and end program comparisons. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of RD follow-up visits between the two groups as lCM patients had more RD contact than UC patients. Weight and waist circumference changes from baseline to end of study show statistically significant changes with a trend for improvement in systolic blood pressure. Additionally, a clinically significant reduction in weight was achieved in a quarter of program enrollees. In conclusion this study shows that through a coordinated health promotion program RDs’ services are of value to an insured population.

关键词： RD Nutrition Counseling Insurance Benefit Weight loss Blood Pressure

lactobacilli,bifi dobacteria and *** nissle induce pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第37期12卷 5978-5986页

作者： Ulf Helwig karen M lammers Fernando Rizzello Patricia Brigidi Verena Rohleder Elisabetta Caramelli Paolo Giochetti Juergen Schrezenmeir Ulrich R Foelsch Stefan Schreiber Massimo Campieri University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel 1~(st) Medical Department Schittenhelmstr.12 24105 Kiel Germany University of Bologna Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Policlinico S. Orsola Via Massarenti 9 40138 Bologna Italy University of Bologna Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Policlinico S. Orsola Via Massarenti 9 40138 Bologna Italy University of Bologna Institute for Microbiology Via Bellmeloro 9 40138 Bologna Italy University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel 1~(st) Medical Department Schittenhelmstr.12 24105 Kiel Germany University of Bologna Histology and General Embryology and Pharmaceutical Science Via Bellmeloro 9 40138 Bologna Italy Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Food Location Kiel Institute for Physiology and Bioche- mistry of Nurtition Hermann-Weigmann-Str.1 24103 Kiel Germany

AIM： To investigate whether the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMNC） with the cell debris and cell extraction of different probiotic strains is similar or species specific. METHODS： Three strains of bifidobacteria, 4 strains of lactobacilli, and E. coli nissle were sonicated and centrifuged in order to divide them into cell extract and cell debris. PBMNC were separated by density gradient and incubated for 36 h with either the cell debris or the cell extract of single strains of probiotic bacteria in doses from 10^2 to 10^8 CFU/ml. Cell supernatants were taken and interleukin （Il）-10, Il-1β, and tumor necosis factor （TNF）-α were determined by ElISA. RESUlTS： Depending on the species super-family, the strains had different stimulation patterns. Except for both l. casei strains, the cell extract of bitTdobacteria and/actobacilli had less stimulating capacity than cell debris, whereas the cell extract of E. coli nissle had similar stimulating properties to that of the cell debris of the strain and significantly more stimulating capacity than that of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The cell debris of bifidobacteria stimulated more cytokine release than the cell debris of lactobacilli. The cell debris of lactobacilli did not have a stimulating capacity when lower concentrations were used. Neither cell extraction nor cell debris had an inhibitory effect on the production of the tested cytokines by stimulated PBMNC. CONClUSION： The incubation of probiotic strains, which have been used in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases, with immunocompetent cells leads to different species specific reactions. High Il-10 response to cell debris of bifidobacteria and E. coli nissle can be found. This corresponds to positive effects of bihdobacteria and E. coli nissle in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease compared to negative outcomes obtained with lactobacilli.

关键词： lactobacilli Bifidobacteria Probiotics Interleukin-l0 Tumor necrosis factor-α Interleukin-1β Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Evidence for the involvement of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第6期14卷 845-852页

作者： Gert De Hertogh Jeroen Aerssens karen P Geboes Karel Geboes Karel Geboes Department of Pathology University Hospitals KULeuven Minderbroedersstraat 12 Leuven 3000 Belgium Tibotec bvba Generaal De Wittelaan L 11B 3 Mechelen 2800 Belgium Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals KULeuven Herestraat 49 Leuven 3000 Belgium

Many advances have been made in the understanding of Crohn’s disease (CD) pathogenesis during the last decade. CD is currently seen as a predominantly T-lym-phocyte-driven disease characterized by the presence of a complex cocktail of interacting cytokines, chemokines and other mediators produced by a variety of cell types. Prevailing theories of CD pathogenesis suggest that patients’ T-lymphocytes are inappropriately activated in the setting of an immune imbalance, which is itself caused by an unfortunate confluence of genetic and en- vironmental factors. The T-cell response then leads to the chronic inflammation characteristic for the disease. Various environmental factors may play a role in the development of CD, but microbes are most consistently implied. This theory is based on epidemiological, clinico- pathological, genetic and experimental evidence. Despite the abundance of arguments for the implication of bac-teria in the aetiopathogenesis of CD, the precise role of bacteria in this disease still remains elusive. Three not necessarily mutually exclusive theories have been pro- posed: (1) an unidentified persistent pathogen; (2) an abnormally permeable mucosal barrier leading to exces-sive bacterial translocation; and (3) a breakdown in the balance between putative "protective" versus "harmful" intestinal bacteria ("dysbiosis"). At present, one cannot exclude with certainty any of these three proposed hy-potheses; they may all apply to CD to a certain extent.

关键词： Crohn's disease Etiology Microbiology