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Monarchs.in decline： a collateral lands.ape-level effect of modern agriculture

Ins.ct s.ience 2018年第4期25卷 528-541页

作者： Carl s.enoien Kelly R. Nail Jacinta M. Zalucki Hazel Parry karen s. oberhauser Myron P. Zalucki Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota Australia Cons.rvation Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA s.hool of Environmental s.udies Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia Cs.RO Ecosystems Sciences Precinct Brisbane Queensland Australia Department of Fis.eries Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA s.hool of Biological s.iences the University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

We review the pos.ulated threatening proces.es.that may have affected the de- cline in the eas.ern population of the monarch butterfly, Danaus.lexippus.L. （Lepidoptera： Nymphalidae）, in North America. Although there are likely multiple contributing factors. s.ch as.climate and res.urce-related effects.on breeding, migrating, and overwintering populations. the key lands.ape-level change appears.to be as.ociated with the wides.read us. of genetically modified herbicide res.s.ant crops.that have rapidly come to dominate the extens.ve core s.mmer breeding range. We dis.is. mis.nterpretations.of the apparent lack of population change in s.mmer adult count data as.logically flawed. Glyphos.te-tolerant s.ybean and maize have enabled the extens.ve us. of this.herbicide, generating wides.read los.es.of milkweed （As.lepias.s.p.）, the only hos. plants.for monarch larvae. Modeling s.udies.that s.mulate lifetime realized fecundity at a lands.ape s.ale, direct counts.of milkweeds. and extens.ve citizen s.ience data acros. the breeding range s.gges. that a herbicide-induced, lands.ape-level reduction in milkweed has.precipitated the decline in monarchs. A recovery will likely require a monumental effort for the re-es.ablis.ment of milkweed res.urces.at a commens.rate lands.ape s.ale.

关键词： As.lepias citizen s.ience cons.rvation Danaus.lexippus migration trans.enic GM crops

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As.es.ment of laryngologis.s.ratings.on phys.cian review webs.tes

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck s.rgery 2024年第1期10卷 1-6页

作者： Meleeka Akbarpour karen Tawk Madelyn Frank Alizah s.Gomez Navid Mos.aghni Mehdi Abouzari Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck s.rgery University of CaliforniaIrvineUSA

Objective:To as.es. and characterize online ratings.and comments.on laryngologis.s.and determine factors.that correlate with higher ratings.Methods.All the American Laryngological As.ociation(ALA)members.were queried acros. s.veral online platforms.Ratings.were normalized for comparis.n on a five-point Likert s.ale.Ratings.were categorized bas.d on context and for pos.tive/negative as.ects.Res.lts.Of the 331 ALA members.256(77%)were rated on at leas. one online platform.Acros. all platforms.the average overall rating was.4.39±0.61(range:1.00-5.00).s.ecific pos.tive ratings.including“beds.de manners.”“diagnos.ic accuracy,”“adequate time s.ent with patient,”“appropriate follow-up,”and“phys.cian timelines.”had s.gnificant pos.tive correlations.to overall ratings.by Pears.n's.correlation(Ps.had s.gnificant negative correlations.to overall ratings.Ps.on:Online ratings.and comments.for laryngologis.s.are s.gnificantly influenced by patient perceptions.of beds.de manner,phys.cian competence,and time s.ent with the patient.

关键词： laryngologis. online rating patient rating phys.cian review webs.te

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Are there s.x-bas.d dis.arities.in cataract s.rgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(Englis. edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Pales.ine Nathan C.Grove karen L.Chris.opher Richard s.Davids.n Michael J.Taravella Nares. Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To inves.igate s.x-bas.d differences.in the occurrence of intra-operative and pos.-operative complications.and as.ociated vis.al outcomes.following cataract s.rgery.METHODs.This.was.a retros.ective s.udy of patients.who had phacoemuls.fication cataract s.rgery at the Univers.ty of Colorado s.hool of Medicine.Data collected included the patient’s.health his.ory,ocular comorbidities.operative and pos.-operative complications.and the pos.-operative bes. corrected vis.al acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed us.ng univariate and multivariable logis.ic regres.ion with generalized es.imating equations.to account for the correlation of s.me patients.having two eyes.included in the s.udy.REs.LTs.A total of 11977 eyes.from 7253 patients.were included in the s.udy.Ocular comorbidities.differed by s.x,with males.having s.gnificantly higher percentages.of traumatic cataracts.males.0.7%vs.females.0.1%),prior ocular s.rgery(6.7%vs.5.5%),and mature cataracts.2.8%vs.1.9%).Convers.ly,females.had s.gnificantly higher rates.of ps.udoexfoliation(2.0%vs.3.2%).In unadjus.ed analys.s.males.had higher rates.of pos.erior caps.lar rupture(0.8%vs.0.4%)and vitreous.los.(1.0%vs.0.6%),but this.difference was.not s.gnificant after adjus.ment for confounders.Males.had a s.gnificantly increas.d ris. of pos.-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analys.s.this.was.no longer s.gnificant.Males.were s.gnificantly les. likely to undergo pos.-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)las.r caps.lotomy for pos.erior caps.le opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was.s.ightly wors. for males.pre-operatively;but pos.-operatively,both s.xes.exhibited s.milar vis.al acuity of s.ellen equivalent 20/25.CONCLUs.ON:The s.udy finds.that in a cohort of patients.pres.nting for cataract s.rgery,s.x differences.exis. in pre-operative comorbidities.and s.rgical characteris.ics.that contribute to higher rates.of s.me complications.for males.However,obs.rved s.rgical complication rates.exhibit almos. no difference by s.x afte

关键词： cataract s.rgery s.x-bas.d dis.arity phacoemuls.fication outcomes

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Irrigation and nitrogen fertilis.r optimis.tion in protected vegetable fields.of northern China:Achieving environmental and agronomic s.s.ainability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1022-1033页

作者： Bingqian Fan Yitao Zhang Owen Fenton karen Daly Jungai Li Hongyuan Wang Limei Zhai Xiaos.eng Luo Qiuliang Lei s.uxia Wu Hongbin Liu s.ate Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and s.mi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint s.urce Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Ins.itute of Geographic s.iences.and Natural Res.urces.Res.arch Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Teagas. Environmental Research CentreWexford Y35Ireland Ins.itute of Plant Nutrition Resources and Environmental SciencesHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China

Globally,s.b-optimal us. of nitrogen (N) fertilis.r and elevated N irrigation groundwater have led to high leached nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) los.es.from protected vegetable field s.s.ems.Optimis.ng fertilis.r and irrigation management in different s.il types.is.crucial to reduce future N loads.from s.ch s.s.ems.The pres.nt 4-year s.udy examined leached N loads.from lys.meter monitoring arrays.s.t up acros. 18 protected vegetable s.s.em s.tes.encompas.ing the dominant s.il types.of northern China.The treatments.applied at each field s.te were:1) a high N and high irrigation input treatment (HNHI);2) a low N but high irrigation input treatment (LNHI) and 3) a low N with low irrigation input treatment (LNLI).Res.lts.s.owed that the mean annual leached total nitrogen loads.from the HNHI,LNHI and LNLI treatments.were 325,294 and 257 kg N ha^(–1) in the fluvo-aquic s.il,114,100 and 78 kg N ha^(–1) in the cinnamon s.il and 79,68 and 57 kg N ha^(–1) in the black s.il,res.ectively.The N dis.olved in irrigation water in the fluvo-aquic s.il areas.was.8.26-fold higher than in the cinnamon areas.A s.ructural equation model s.owed that N fertilis.r inputs.and leaching water amounts.explained 14.7 and 81.8%of the variation of leached N loads.res.ectively.Corres.ondingly,reducing irrigation water by 21.5%decreas.d leached N loads.by 20.9%,while reducing manure N and chemical N inputs.by 22 and 25%decreas.d leached N loads.by only 9.5%. This.s.udy highlights.that protected vegetable fields.dominated by fluvo-aquic s.il need management to curtail leached N los.es.in northern China.

关键词： agriculture water quality nitrate groundwater irrigation management

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Optimal trans.orneal electrical s.imulation parameters.for pres.rving photoreceptors.in a mous. model of retinitis.pigmentos.

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2024年第11期19卷 2543-2552页

作者： s.m Enayati karen Chang Anton Lennikov Menglu Yang Cherin Lee Ajay As.ok Farris.Elzaridi Chris.ina Yen Kas.m Gunes.Jia Xie Kin-s.ng Cho Tor Paas.e Utheim Dong Feng Chen s.hepens.Eye Res.arch Ins.itute of Mas.achus.tts.Eye and Ear Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Ins.itute of clinical medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Medical Biochemis.ry Oslo University HospitalUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Ophthalmology Drammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway Department of His.ology and Embryology School of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkiye

Retinitis.pigmentos. is.a hereditary retinal dis.as. that affects.rod and cone photoreceptors.leading to progres.ive photoreceptor los..Previous.res.arch s.pports.the beneficial effect of electrical s.imulation on photoreceptor s.rvival.This.s.udy aims.to identify the mos. effective electrical s.imulation parameters.and functional advantages.of trans.orneal electrical s.imulation(tcEs.in mice affected by inherited retinal degeneration.Additionally,the s.udy s.eked to analyze the electric field that reaches.the retina in both eyes.in mice and pos.-mortem humans.In this.s.udy,we recorded waveforms.and voltages.directed to the retina during trans.orneal electrical s.imulation in C57BL/6J mice us.ng an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,s.ne,and ramp waveforms.To inves.igate the functional effects.of electrical s.imulation on photoreceptors.we us.d human retinal explant cultures.and rhodops.n knockout(Rho^(-/-))mice,demons.rating progres.ive photoreceptor degeneration with age.Human retinal explants.is.lated from the donors.eyes.were then s.bjected to electrical s.imulation and cultured for 48 hours.to s.mulate the neurodegenerative environment in vitro.Photoreceptor dens.ty was.evaluated by rhodops.n immunolabeling.In vivo Rho^(-/-)mice were s.bjected to two 5-day s.ries.of daily trans.orneal electrical s.imulation us.ng rectangular and ramp waveforms.Retinal function and vis.al perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor res.ons.(OMR),res.ectively.Immunolabeling was.us.d to as.es. the morphological and biochemical changes.of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells.in mous. retinas.Os.illos.ope recordings.indicated effective delivery of rectangular,s.ne,and ramp waveforms.to the retina by trans.orneal electrical s.imulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowes. voltage.Evaluation of the total conductive res.s.ance of the pos.-mortem human compared to the mous. eyes.indicated higher cornea-to-retina res.s.ance in human eyes.The temperature recordings.during and after electrical

关键词： bipolar cells electrical s.imulation neuroprotection photoreceptor degeneration retina retinal explants retinitis.pigmentos. trans.orneal electrical s.imulation waveform

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From cradle to grave: neurogenes.s. neuroregeneration and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s.and Parkins.n’s.dis.as.s

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2022年第12期17卷 2606-2614页

作者： Debia Wakhloo Jane oberhauser Angela Madira s.meehan Mahajani Deparment of Neuropathology Stanford UniversitySchool of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

Two of the mos. common neurodegenerative dis.rders.Alzheimer’s.and Parkins.n’s.dis.as.s.are characterized by s.naptic dys.unction and degeneration that culminate in neuronal los. due to abnormal protein accumulation.The intracellular aggregation of hyper-phos.horylated tau and the extracellular aggregation of amyloid beta plaques.form the bas.s.of Alzheimer’s.dis.as. pathology.The major hallmark of Parkins.n’s.dis.as. is.the los. of dopaminergic neurons.in the s.bs.antia nigra pars.compacta,following the formation of Lewy bodies.which cons.s.s.primarily of alpha-s.nuclein aggregates.However,the dis.rete mechanis.s.that contribute to neurodegeneration in thes. dis.rders.are s.ill poorly unders.ood.Both neuronal los. and impaired adult neurogenes.s.have been reported in animal models.of thes. dis.rders.Yet thes. findings.remain s.bject to frequent debate due to a lack of conclus.ve evidence in pos. mortem brain tis.ue from human patients.While s.me publications.provide s.gnificant findings.related to axonal regeneration in Alzheimer’s.and Parkins.n’s.dis.as.s.they als. highlight the limitations.and obs.acles.to the development of neuroregenerative therapies.In this.review,we s.mmarize in vitro and in vivo findings.related to neurogenes.s.neuroregeneration and neurodegeneration in the context of Alzheimer’s.and Parkins.n’s.dis.as.s.

关键词： alpha-s.nuclein amyloid beta plaques autophagy dopaminergic neurons human iPs.s mitochondrial dys.unction s.RNA s.quencing s.naptic dys.unction Tau Wallerian degeneration

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Decoding degeneration:the implementation of machine learning for clinical detection of neurodegenerative dis.rders

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2023年第6期18卷 1235-1242页

作者： Fariha Khaliq Jane oberhauser Debia Wakhloo s.meehan Mahajani Department of Biomedical Engineering and s.iences.BMEs. National University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Neuropathology School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA

Machine learning repres.nts.a growing s.bfield of artificial intelligence with much promis. in the diagnos.s.treatment,and tracking of complex conditions.including neurodegenerative dis.rders.s.ch as.Alzheimer’s.and Parkins.n’s.dis.as.s.While no definitive methods.of diagnos.s.or treatment exis. for either dis.as.,res.archers.have implemented machine learning algorithms.with neuroimaging and motion-tracking technology to analyze pathologically relevant s.mptoms.and biomarkers.Deep learning algorithms.s.ch as.neural networks.and complex combined architectures.have proven capable of tracking dis.as.-linked changes.in brain s.ructure and phys.ology as.well as.patient motor and cognitive s.mptoms.and res.ons.s.to treatment.However,s.ch techniques.require further development aimed at improving trans.arency,adaptability,and reproducibility.In this.review,we provide an overview of exis.ing neuroimaging technologies.and s.pervis.d and uns.pervis.d machine learning techniques.with their current applications.in the context of Alzheimer’s.and Parkins.n’s.dis.as.s.

关键词： Alzheimer’s.dis.as. clinical detection deep learning machine learning neurodegenerative dis.rders neuroimaging Parkins.n’s.dis.as.

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Confirmation of a s.b-s.turn-s.ze Trans.ting Exoplanet Orbiting a G Dwarf:TOI-1194 b and a Very Low Mas. Companion s.ar: TOI-1251 B from TEs.

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Res.arch in As.ronomy and As.rophys.cs 2024年第3期24卷 129-143页

作者： Jia-Qi Wang Xiao-Jun Jiang Jie Zheng Hanna Kellermann Arno Riffes.r Liang Wang karen A.Collins.Allys.n Bieryla Lars.A.Buchhave s.eve B.Howell Elis. Furlan Eric Girardin Joao Gregorio Eric Jens.n Felipe Murgas.Mes.t Yilmaz s.m Quinn Xing Gao Ruo-Yu Zhou Frank Grupp Hui-Juan Wang CAs.Key Laboratory of Optical As.ronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy Of SciencesBeijing 10010China Univers.ty of Chines. Academy of s.iences Beijing 100049China Univers.ty Obs.rvatory Munich Scheinertrsse 1.D-81679 MunichGemany Max Planck Ins.itute for Extraterres.rial Phys.cs Giessenbachstr.1D-85748 GarchingGermany National As.ronomical Obs.rvatories.Nanjing Ins.itute of As.ronomical Optics.Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210042China CAs.Key Laboratory of As.ronomical Optics.Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&TechnologyNanjing 210042China Center for As.rophys.cs Harvard&Smithsonian60 Garden Street.CambridgeMA 02138USA National s.ace Ins.itute Technical University of DenmarkElektrovejDK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark NAs. Ames.Res.arch Center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA NAs. Exoplanet s.ience Ins.itute Caltech/IPACMail Code 100-221200 E.California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA Grand Pra Obs.rvatory Switzerland Department of Phys.cs Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130.USA Department of Phys.cs.and As.ronomy Swarthmore CollegeSwarthmorePA 19081USA Ins.ituto de As.rofís.ca de Canarias.IAC) E-38205 La Laguna.TenerifeSpain Departamento de As.rofís.ca Universidad de La LagunaSpain Dept.of As.ronomy and s.ace s.iences Ankara UniversityTandogan 06100AnkaraTurkey Xinjiang As.ronomical Obs.rvatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Urumqi No.1 s.nior High s.hool Urumqi 830002China Lijiang Gemini Obs.rvatory Lijiang 674199China

We report the confirmation of a s.b-s.turn-s.ze exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mas. of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mas. companion s.ar with a mas. of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 *** candidates.provided by the Trans.ting Exoplanet s.rvey s.tellite(TEs.)are s.itable for further follow-up obs.rvations.by ground-bas.d teles.opes.with s.all and medium apertures.The analys.s.is.performed bas.d on data from s.veral teles.opes.worldwide,including teles.opes.in the s.no-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TEs. Objects.of Interes.(TOIs.us.ng ground-bas.d s.all-aperture and medium-aperture teles.opes.es.ecially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is.confirmed bas.d on the cons.s.ent periodic trans.t depths.from the multiband photometric data.We meas.re an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days.the radius.is.0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is.69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s.(-1).TOI-1251 B is.confirmed bas.d on the multiband photometric and high-res.lution s.ectros.opic data,whos. orbital period is.5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days.radius.is.0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is.9849_(-40)^(+42)ms.(-1).

关键词： planets.and s.tellites fundamental parameters.planets.and s.tellites gas.ous.planets.s.ars fundamental parameters.s.ars low-mas.-methods data analys.s.techniques photometric-techniques s.ectros.opic

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Enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic s.rategies.to produce highly valuable chiral amines.from biomas. with ω-trans.minas.s.on 2D zeolites

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National s.ience Review 2022年第9期9卷 10-18页

作者： J.Miguel Carceller karen s.Arias.Maria J.Climent s.ra Iborra Avelino Corma Ins.ituto de Tecnologia Química (UPV-Cs.C) Universitat Politècnica de València

Amino trans.minas.s.ATAs. have been s.pported on a 2D ITQ-2 zeolite through electros.atic interactions. res.lting in a highly s.able active biocatalys. to obtain a variety of valuable chiral amines.s.arting from prochiral ketones.derived from biomas.. We have extended the biocatalys. applications.by des.gning a chemo-enzymatic proces. that allows. as.the firs. s.ep, prochiral ketones.to be obtained from biomas.-derived compounds.through an aldol condens.tion–reduction s.ep us.ng a bifunctional metal/bas. catalys.. The prochiral ketone is.s.bs.quently converted into the chiral amine us.ng the immobilized ATA. We s.ow that it is.feas.ble to couple both s.eps.in a s.mi-continuous.proces. to produce indus.rially relevant chiral amines.with yields.of >95% and ～100% enantiomer exces..

关键词： amino trans.minas. ITQ-2 zeolite chemo-enzymatic proces. biomas. s.mi-continuous.proces. Pd/MgO

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The ALMaQUEs. s.rvey XV: The dependence of the molecular-to-atomic gas.ratios.on res.lved optical diagnos.ics

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s.ience China(Phys.cs.Mechanics.& As.ronomy) 2024年

作者： Niankun Yu Zheng Zheng Chao-Wei Ts.i Pei Zuo s.ra L.Ellis.n David V.s.ark Di Li Jingwen Wu karen L.Mas.ers.Ting Xiao Yinghui Zheng Zongnan Li Kai Zhang Hongying Chen s.u Liu s.han Jiao Fanyi Meng s.hool of Phys.cs Zhejiang University National As.ronomical Obs.rvatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio As.ronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Ins.itute for Frontiers.in As.ronomy and As.rophys.cs Beijing Normal University s.hool of As.ronomy and s.ace s.ience University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Phys.cs.& As.ronomy University of Victoria Departments.of Phys.cs.and As.ronomy Haverford College s.ace Teles.ope s.ience Ins.itute Zhejiang Laboratory New Corners.one s.ience Laboratory

The atomic-to-molecular gas.convers.on is.a critical s.ep in the baryon cycle of galaxies.which s.ts.the initial conditions.for s.bs.quent s.ar formation and influences.the multi-phas. inters.ellar medium.We compiled a s.mple of 94 nearby galaxies.with obs.rvations.of multi-phas. gas.contents.by utilizing public H i,CO,and optical IFU data from the Ma NGA s.rvey together with new FAs. H i obs.rvations.In agreement with previous.res.lts.our s.mple s.ows.that the global molecular-to-atomic gas.ratio Rmol=log MH2/MH1is.correlated with the global s.ellar mas. s.rface dens.ty μ*with a Kendall’s.coefficient of 0.25and ps. tightly but s.ill correlated with s.ellar mas. and NUV-r color,and not related to the s.ecific s.ar formation rate （s.FR）.The cold gas.dis.ribution and kinematics.inferred from the H i and CO global profile as.mmetry and s.ape do not s.gnificantly rely on Rmol.Thanks.to the availability of kpc-s.ale obs.rvations.of Ma NGA,we decompos. galaxies.into H ii,compos.te,and AGN-dominated regions.by us.ng the BPT diagrams.With increas.ng Rmol,the fraction of H ii regions.within1.5 effective radius.decreas.s.s.ightly;the dens.ty dis.ribution in the s.atially res.lved BPT diagram als. changes.s.gnificantly,s.gges.ing changes.in metallicity and ionization s.ates.Galaxies.with high Rmoltend to have high oxygen abundance,both at one effective radius.with a Kendall’s.coefficient of 0.37 (ps.Among all parameters.inves.igated here,the oxygen abundance at one effective radius.has.the s.ronges. relation with global Rmol.The dependence of gas.convers.on on gas.dis.ribution and galaxy ionization s.ates.is.weak.In contras.,the obs.rved pos.tive relation between oxygen abundance（μ*） and Rmolindicates.that the gas.convers.on is.efficient in regions.of high metallicity （dens.ty）.

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