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Irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser optimisation in protected vegetable fields of northern China:Achieving environmental and agronomic sustainability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1022-1033页

作者： Bingqian Fan Yitao Zhang Owen Fenton karen daly Jungai Li Hongyuan Wang Limei Zhai Xiaosheng Luo Qiuliang Lei Shuxia Wu Hongbin Liu State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Teagasc Environmental Research CentreWexford Y35Ireland Institute of Plant Nutrition Resources and Environmental SciencesHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China

Globally,sub-optimal use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and elevated N irrigation groundwater have led to high leached nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) losses from protected vegetable field systems.Optimising fertiliser and irrigation management in different soil types is crucial to reduce future N loads from such systems.The present 4-year study examined leached N loads from lysimeter monitoring arrays set up across 18 protected vegetable system sites encompassing the dominant soil types of northern China.The treatments applied at each field site were:1) a high N and high irrigation input treatment (HNHI);2) a low N but high irrigation input treatment (LNHI) and 3) a low N with low irrigation input treatment (LNLI).Results showed that the mean annual leached total nitrogen loads from the HNHI,LNHI and LNLI treatments were 325,294 and 257 kg N ha^(–1) in the fluvo-aquic soil,114,100 and 78 kg N ha^(–1) in the cinnamon soil and 79,68 and 57 kg N ha^(–1) in the black soil,respectively.The N dissolved in irrigation water in the fluvo-aquic soil areas was 8.26-fold higher than in the cinnamon areas.A structural equation model showed that N fertiliser inputs and leaching water amounts explained 14.7 and 81.8%of the variation of leached N loads,respectively.Correspondingly,reducing irrigation water by 21.5%decreased leached N loads by 20.9%,while reducing manure N and chemical N inputs by 22 and 25%decreased leached N loads by only 9.5%. This study highlights that protected vegetable fields dominated by fluvo-aquic soil need management to curtail leached N losses in northern China.

关键词： agriculture water quality nitrate groundwater irrigation management

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Alum split applications strengthened phosphorus fixation and phosphate sorption in high legacy phosphorus calcareous soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 87-97页

作者： Bingqian Fan Owen Fenton karen daly Jiahui Ding Shuo Chen Qing Chen Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Teagasc Environmental Research CentreJohnstown CastleCo.WexfordIreland

High phosphorus(P)saturation arising from historic P inputs to protected vegetable fields(PVFs)drives high P mobilisation to waterbodies.Amendment of soils with alum has shown potential in terms of fixing labile P and protecting water quality.The present 15 month pot experiment investigated P stabilisation across single alum application(Alum-1 treatment,20 g alum/kg soil incorporated into soil before the maize was sown),alum split applications(Alum-4 treatment,5 g alum/kg soil incorporated into soil before each crop was sown i.e.4×5 g/kg)and soil only treatment(Control).Results showed that the Alum-1 treatment caused the strongest stabilisation of soil labile P after maize plant removal,whereas the P stabilisation effect was gradually weakened due to the transformation of soil non-labile P to labile P and the reduced active Al^(3+)in soil solution.For the Alum-4 treatment,soil labile P decreased gradually with each crop planting and was lower than the Alum-1 treatment at the end of the final crop removal,without any impairment on plant growth.The better P stabilisation at the end of Alum-4 treatment was closely correlated with a progressive supply of Al^(3+)and a gradual decrease of pH,which resulted in higher contents of poorlycrystalline Al,Fe and exchangeable Ca.These aspects were conducive to increasing the soil P stabilisation and phosphate sorption.In terms of management,growers in continuous cropping systems could utilise split alum applications as a strategy to alleviate P losses in high-P enriched calcareous soil.

关键词： High legacy phosphorus Calcareous soil Phosphorus stabilisation Alum split applications Non-crystalline Fe/Al

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Predicting phosphorus sorption isotherm parameters in soil using data of routine laboratory tests

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 694-704页

作者： Kathleen S.DUNNE Nicholas M.HOLDEN karen daly Teagasc Johnstown CastleEnvironmental Research CentreCo.Wexford Y35TC97(Ireland) UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4 D04VIW8(Ireland)

Knowledge of phosphorus(P)sorption dynamics across different soil types could direct agronomic and environmental management of P.The objective of this study was to predict P isotherm parameters for a national soil population using data of routine laboratory tests.Langmuir and Freundlich sorption parameters were calculated from two different ranges(0-25 and 0-50 mg P L^(-1))using an archive of representative agricultural soil types from Ireland.Multiple linear regression(MLR)identified labile forms of aluminium(Al)and iron(Fe),organic matter(OM),cation exchange capacity(CEC),and clay as significant drivers.Langmuir and Freundlich sorption capacities,Freundlich affinity constant,and Langmuir buffer capacity were predicted reliably,with R^(2) of independent validation>0.9.Sorption isotherm parameters were predicted from P sorbed at a single concentration of 50 mg P L^(-1)(S_(50)).An MLR prediction of P sorption maximum in the 0-50 mg P L-1 range was achieved,to an accurate standard,using S_(50),OM,and Mehlich-3 Fe(R^(2) of independent calibration and validation being 0.91 and 0.95,respectively).Using Giles’four shapes of isotherms(C,L,H,and S),L non-strict-and C-shaped isotherm curves accounted for 64% and 27% of the soils,respectively.Hierarchical clustering identified a separation of isotherm curves influenced by two ranges of Mehlich-3 Al.Soils with a low range of Mehlich-3 Al(2.5-698 mg kg^(-1))had no incidence of rapid sorption(C shape).Single point indices,Al,or available soil data make the regression approach a feasible way of predicting Langmuir parameters that could be included with standard agronomic soil P testing.

关键词： available phosphorus binding fertilizer soil test sorption maximum

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Using compositional data analysis to explore accumulation of sedentary behavior,physical activity and youth health

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 234-243页

作者： Simone J.J.M.Verswijveren karen E.Lamb Josep A.Martín-Fernández Elisabeth Winkler Rebecca M.Leech Anna Timperio Jo Salmon Robin M.daly Ester Cerin David W.Dunstan Rohan M.Telford Richard D.Telford Lisa S.Olive Nicola D.Ridgers Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3053Australia Department of Computer Science Applied Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of GironaGirona 17003Spain School of Public Health University of QueenslandHerstonQLD 4006Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroyVIC 3065Australia School of Public Health University of Hong KongHong KongChina Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Psychology Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia IMPACT Research Institute Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia ANU Medical School Australian National UniversityGarranACT 2605Australia

Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use compositions with cardiometabolic biomarkers.Methods:Accelerometer and cardiometabolic biomarker data from 2 Australian studies involving youths 7-13 years old were pooled(complete cases with accelerometry and adiposity marker data,n=782).A 9-component time-use composition was formed using compositional data analysis:time in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior;time in shorter and longer bouts of light-,moderate-,or vigorous-intensity PA;and"other time"(i.e.,non-wear/sleep).Shorter and longer bouts of sedentary time were defined as5 min,respectively.Shorter bouts of light-,moderate-,and vigorous-intensity PA were defined as<1 min;longer bouts were defined as≥1 min.Regression models examined associations between overall time-use composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Then,associations were derived between ratios of longer activity patterns relative to shorter activity patterns,and of each intensity level relative to the other intensity levels and"other time",and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Results:Confounder-adjusted models showed that the overall time-use composition was associated with adiposity,blood pressure,lipids,and the summary score.Specifically,more time in longer bouts of light-intensity PA relative to shorter bouts of light-intensity PA was significantly associated with greater body mass index z-score(zBMI)(β=1.79;SE=0.68)and waist circumference(β=18.35,SE=4.78).When each activity intensity was considered relative to all higher intensities and"other time",more time in light-and vigorous-intensity PA,and less time in sedentary behavior and moderate-intensity PA,were associated with lower waist circumference.Conclusion:Accumulating PA,particularly light-intensity PA,in frequent short bursts may be more beneficial for limiting adiposity compared to accumulating the same amount

关键词： Accumulation patterns Cardiometabolic health Children Compositional data analysis Time-use

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Nature：大规模研究揭示生命所必需的基因

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现代生物医学进展 2016年第31期16卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Dickinson, Mary E. Flenniken, Ann M. Ji, Xiao Teboul, Lydia Wong, Michael D. White, Jacqueline K. Meehan, Terrence F. Weninger, Wolfgang J. Westerberg, Henrik Adissu, Hibret Baker, Candice N. Bower, Lynette Brown, James M. Caddle, L. Brianna Chiani, Francesco Clary, Dave Cleak, James daly, Mark J. Denegre, James M. Doe, Brendan Dolan, Mary E. Edie, Sarah M. Fuchs, Helmut Gailus-Durner, Valerie Galli, Antonella Gambadoro, Alessia Gallegos, Juan Guo, Shiying Horner, Neil R. Hsu, Chih-Wei Johnson, Sara J. Kalaga, Sowmya Keith, Lance C. Lanoue, Louise Lawson, Thomas N. Lek, Monkol Mark, Manuel Arschall, Susan M. Mason, Jeremy McElwee, Melissa L. Newbigging, Susan Nutter, Lauryl M. J. Peterson, Kevin A. Ramirez-Solis, Ramiro Rowland, Douglas J. Ryder, Edward Samocha, Kaitlin E. Seavitt, John R. Selloum, Mohammed Szoke-Kovacs, Zsombor Tamura, Masaru Trainor, Amanda G. Tudose, Ilinca Wakana, Shigeharu Warren, Jonathan Wendling, Olivia West, David B. Wong, Leeyean Yoshiki, Atsushi MacArthur, Daniel G. Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco P. Gao, Xiang Flicek, Paul Bradley, Allan Skarnes, William C. Justice, Monica J. Parkinson, Helen E. Moore, Mark Wells, Sara Braun, Robert E. Svenson, karen L. de Angelis, Martin Hrabe Herault, Yann Mohun, Tim Mallon, Ann-Marie Henkelman, R. Mark Brown, Steve D. M. Adams, David J. Lloyd, K. C. Kent McKerlie, Colin Beaudet, Arthur L. Bucan, Maja Murray, Stephen A. Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys Houston TX 77030 USA Toronto Ctr Phenogen Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Mt Sinai Hosp Toronto ON M5G 1X5 Canada Univ Penn Perelman Sch Med Genom & Computat Biol Program Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Med Res Council Harwell Mammalian Genet Unit Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Mary Lyon Ctr Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Hosp Sick Children Mouse Imaging Ctr Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SA England European Bioinformat Inst European Mol Biol Lab Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SD England Med Univ Vienna Ctr Anat & Cell Biol A-1090 Vienna Austria Hosp Sick Children 555 Univ Ave Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada Jackson Lab 600 Main St Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA Univ Calif Davis Mouse Biol Program Davis CA 95618 USA Italian Natl Res Council CNR Inst Cell Biol & Neurobiol Monterotondo Mouse Clin I-00015 Monterotondo Italy Massachusetts Gen Hosp Analyt & Translat Genet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Program Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA German Res Ctr Environm Hlth Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Inst Expt Genet D-85764 Neuherberg Germany German Mouse Clin D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Baylor Coll Med Dept Mol & Human Genet Houston TX 77030 USA Nanjing Univ Nanjing Biomed Res Inst Collaborat Innovat Ctr Genet & Dev SKL Pharmaceut Biotechnol & Model Anim Res Ctr Nanjing 210061 Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Strasbourg ICS Infrastruct Natl PHENOMIN F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France Univ Strasbourg INSERM CNRS IGBMC F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France RIKEN BioResource Ctr Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050074 Japan Childrens Hosp Oakland Res Inst Oakland CA 94609 USA IMPC San Anselmo CA 94960 USA Tech Univ Munich Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan Chair Expt Genet D-81675 Freising Weihenstephan Germany German Ctr Diabet Res DZD D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Francis Crick Inst Mill Hill Lab Mill Hill London NW1 1AT England Univ Penn Perlman

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在Nature期... 详细信息

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在Nature期刊上，论文标题为“High—throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes”。

关键词：动物基因组生命哺乳动物研究人员人类疾病医学院

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