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Contrasting Historical and Recent Breakup Styles on the Meade River of Arctic Alaska in the Context of a Warming Climate

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American Journal of Climate Change 2013年第2期2卷 165-172页

作者： Richard A. Beck Kenneth M. Hinkel Wendy R. Eisner douglas Whiteman Christopher d. Arp Richard Machida Chris Cuomo Hongxing Liu Changjoo Kim Andrew J. Rettig Chantal Ivenso Bo Yang Qiusheng Wu Haibin Su Shujie Wang karen Frey John d. Lenters Brittany L. Potter Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Atqasuk USA department of Geography Clark University Worcester USA department of Geography University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA department of GeogSchool of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA raphy Clark University Worcester USA department of Philosophy University of Georgia Athens USA department of Physics and Geosciences Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville USA Information Technology University of Alaska at Fairbanks Fairbanks USA School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA Water and Environmental Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks USA

Although data for temporal spring river ice breakup are available for a number of Arctic rivers, there is a paucity of information related to the type of breakup. The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) of 2005 predicted a transition from mechanical to thermal spring breakup of ice cover on arctic rivers, with this shift being greatest in exclusively Arctic watersheds where observed warming is most pronounced. We describe a rare instance of an entirely Arctic river with limited but well documented historical and recent data regarding the type of breakup. Time-series ground imagery of spring breakup from 1966, 1975, 1978, 2009, 2010 and 2012, incombination with interviews of local inhabitants, documents a shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup after spring 1978 and by spring 2009 within the context of a locally and regionally warming Arctic. The resultant shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup is predicted to result in significant changes to water, sediment, nutrient and organic carbon fluxes, as well as riparian ecology and human activities.

关键词： Arctic Alaska Climate Change Meade River Thermal Breakup Mechanical Breakup Ice Snow

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精神分析的新方向

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2016年

作者： (美)卡伦·霍尼(karen danielsen Horney)

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Structural analysis of a nanoparticle containing a lipid bilayer used for detergent-free extraction of membrane proteins

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 774-789页

作者： Mohammed Jamshad Vinciane Grimard Ilaria Idini Tim J. Knowles Miriam R. dowle Naomi Schofield Pooja Sridhart Yupin Lin Rachael Finka Mark Wheatley Owen R. T. Thomas Richard E. Palmerr Michael Overduin Cedric Govaerts Jean-Marie Ruysschaert karen J. Edler Tim R. dafforn School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK Universite Libre de Bruxelles SFMB - CP206/2 Bd. du Triomphe Acces 2 1050 Bruxelles Belgium department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK School of Cancer Studies University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2 TT UK Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory and PSIBS School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK

In the past few years there has been a growth in the use of nanoparticles for stabilizing lipid membranes that contain embedded proteins. These bionanoparticles provide a solution to the challenging problem of membrane protein isolation by maintaining a lipid bilayer essential to protein integrity and activity. We have previously described the use of an amphipathic polymer （poly（styrene-co-maleic add）, SMA） to produce discoidal nanoparticles with a lipid bilayer core containing the embedded protein. However the structure of the nanoparticle itself has not yet been determined. This leaves a major gap in understanding how the SMA stabilizes the encapsulated bilayer and how the bilayer relates physically and structurally to an unencapsulated lipid bilayer. In this paper we address this issue by describing the structure of the SMA lipid particle （SMALP） using data from small angle neutron scattering （SANS）, electron microscopy （EM）, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR-FTIR）, differential scanning calorimetry （dSC） and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR）. We show that the particle is disc shaped containing a polymer ＂bracelet＂ encircling the lipid bilayer. The structure and orientation of the individual components within the bilayer and polymer are determined showing that styrene moieties within SMA intercalate between the lipid acyl chains. The dimensions of the encapsulated bilayer are also determined and match those measured for a natural membrane. Taken together, the description of the structure of the SMALP forms the foundation for future development and applications of SMALPs in membrane protein production and analysis.

关键词： nanoparticles lipid polymer membrane proteins structure detergent

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Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility,nitrogen balance,rumen fermentation,microbiota and methane emissions in goats

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 491-500页

作者： Xiumin Zhang Rodolfo F.Medrano Min Wang karen A.Beauchemin Zhiyuan Ma Rong Wang Jiangnan Wen Lukuyu A.Bernard Zhiliang Tan Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Veterinary Science and Medicine Central Luzon State UniversityScience City of Munoz3120 Nueva EcijaPhilippines College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128People’s Republic of China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1Canada International livestock Research Institute POB 30709Nairobi 00100Kenya.

Background: Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane(CH4) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen(N) balance, CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbiota in goats. Nine female goats were used in a triple 3 × 3 Latin Square design(27 d periods). The treatments were: control(untreated rice straw, no added corn oil), rice straw pretreated with urea and nitrate(34 and 4.7 g/kg of rice straw on a dry matter [dM] basis, respectively, UN), and UN diet supplemented with corn oil(15 g/kg soybean and15 g/kg corn were replaced by 30 g/kg corn oil, dM basis, UNCO).Results: Compared with control, UN increased neutral detergent fiber(NdF) digestibility(P d copies of protozoa(P d R. albus(P decreased N retention(-21.2%, P dissolved hydrogen concentration(-22.8%, P d enteric CH4 emissions(-10.2%, P d N retention(+34.9%, P d decreased copies of protozoa(P d methanogens(P d with control, UNCO increased NdF digestibility(+8.3%, P duced ruminal dissolved CH4 concentration(-24.4%, P d enteric CH4 emissions(-12.6%, P d with urea plus nitrate and corn oil supplementation of the diet improved fiber digestibility and lowered enteric CH4 emissions without negative effects on N retention. These strategies improved the utilization of rice straw by goats.

关键词： dissolved hydrogen Methane Nitrate Oil Rumen fermentation Urea

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Tipping

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疯狂英语（口语版） 2011年第6期 52-52页

作者： karen

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Infant male circumcision: An evidence-based policy statement

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第1期2卷 79-92页

作者： Brian J. Morris Alex d. Wodak Adrian Mindel Leslie Schrieber karen A. duggan Anthony dilley Robin J. Willcourt Michael Lowy david A. Cooper Eugenie R. Lumbers C. Terry Russell Stephen R. Leeder School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute The University of Sydney Sydney Australia

Here we review the international evidence for benefits and risks of infant male circumcision (MC) and use this to develop an evidence-based policy statement for a developed nation setting, focusing on Australia. Evidence from good quality studies that include meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials showed that MC provides strong protection against: urinary tract infections and, in infancy, renal parenchymal disease;phimosis;paraphimosis;balanoposthitis;foreskin tearing;some heterosexually transmitted infections including HPV, HSV-2, trichomonas, HIV, and genital ulcer disease;thrush;inferior hygiene;penile cancer and possibly prostate cancer. In women, circumcision of the male partner protects against HPV, HSV-2, cervical cancer, bacterial vaginosis, and possibly Chlamydia. MC has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensitivity, penile sensation or satisfaction and may enhance the male sexual experience. Adverse effects are uncommon (d virtually all are minor and easily treated. For maximum benefits, safety, convenience and cost savings, MC should be performed in infancy and with local anesthesia. A risk-benefit analysis shows benefits exceed risks by a large margin. Over their lifetime up to half of uncircumcised males will suffer a medical condition as a result of retaining their foreskin. The ethics of infant MC and childhood vaccination are comparable. Our analysis finds MC is beneficial, safe and cost-effective, and should optimally be performed in infancy. In the interests of public health and individual wellbeing, adequate parental education, and steps to facilitate access and affordability should be encouraged in developed countries.

关键词： Male Circumcision Public Health Infant Infections Sexually Transmitted Infections Cervical Cancer

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Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lopharia s.s., dendrodontia,dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena（Basidiomycota,Polyporales）

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia,Dentoc...

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中国菌物学会2018年学术年会

作者： Shi-Liang Liu karen K.Nakasone Sheng-Hua Wu Shuang-Hui He Yu-Cheng dai Institute of Microbiology Beijing Forestry University Center for Forest Mycology Research Northern Research StationU.S.Forest Service department of Biology National Museum of Natural Science Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Tree Breeding by Molecular design Beijing Forestry University

Lopharia is a cosmopolitan genus, and it plays an important role in degradation of reduction in the forest ecosystem. Morphologically, Lopharia s.s. is distinct from dentocorticium, dendrodontia and Fuscocerrena but are phylogenetically closely related as shown in phylogenetic studies. Eleven taxa of Lopharia s.s., dendrodontia, dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena in Polyporales are included in the phylogenetic analyses of nuc rdNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2（ITS）, d1-d2 domains of nuc 28 S rdNA（28S） and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit（rpb2） sequences. New species Lopharia resupinata and L. sinensis are described and *** resupinata, from southeastern China, is closely related to L. ayresii, and L. sinensis, from northern China, is related to L. cinerascens and L. mirabilis. Lopharia mirabilis specimens from temperate to tropical areas with varied hymenophore configurations all cluster together in a fully supported clade. dendrodontia and Fuscocerrena are shown to be synonyms of dentocorticium, which is phylogenetically related to Lopharia. Four new combinations, dentocorticium bicolor, d. hyphopaxillosum, d. portoricense and d. taiwanianum, are proposed. Revised generic descriptions of Lopharia and dentocorticium are provided with keys to the six accepted species in each genus. A list of all names in Lopharia and dentocorticium are presented with their current taxonomic status. Type specimens of dentocorticium brasiliense and d. irregular were examined and determined to be later synonyms of Punctularia subhepatica and diplomitoporus daedaleiformis, respectively.

关键词： corticioid fungi dendrohyphidia species complex wood-inhabiting fungi

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胆固醇水平异常的治疗

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中国实用乡村医生杂志 2006年第9期13卷 58-59页

作者： Andrew R.Lockman Andrea d.Tribastone karen V.Knight John P.Franko 康素明 University of Virginia School of Medicine CharlottesvilleVirginia <中国实用乡村医生杂志>编辑部

在美国,所有导致死亡的原因中,冠心病位居首位.每年,每5例死亡的人中,超过1人死于冠心病,换言之,每年大约有50万人死于冠心病.2003年,大约130亿美元用于治疗冠心病,其中约7.2亿美元用于药物治疗.

关键词：胆固醇水平异常降血脂预防治疗

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Assessing the Multifunctionalities of Land Use in China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2010年第4期1卷 311-318页

作者：谢高地甄霖张彩霞邓祥征 Hannes Jochen KOENIG karen TSCHERNING Katharina HELMING 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 德国莱布尼兹农业景观研究中心

人类活动驱动着土地利用的时空变化,进而导致土地利用功能的变化。中国的土地利用具有高度的动态性,对全球可持续发展具有特别重要的意义。对于决策者来说,要准确预见一项发展政策对土地利用及其功能的复杂影响是非常困难的。本文构建... 详细信息

人类活动驱动着土地利用的时空变化,进而导致土地利用功能的变化。中国的土地利用具有高度的动态性,对全球可持续发展具有特别重要的意义。对于决策者来说,要准确预见一项发展政策对土地利用及其功能的复杂影响是非常困难的。本文构建了中国土地利用多功能性的度量框架模型,模拟了2010-2025年期间土地利用变化对国家退耕还林还草政策的响应,并确定了相应的土地利用功能的变化。结果表明,国家退耕还林还草政策显著影响着中国土地利用格局,其特征是随着林地面积的扩大,耕地和草地面积在不断减少。在所度量的所有土地利用功能中,经济功能、社会功能显著增强,调节功能略有增强,而环境净化功能、支持功能明显减弱。通过应用表明,本文构建的中国土地利用多功能性度量框架模型有助于各级政府评价土地利用政策的影响。

关键词： multifunctionality land use impact assessment

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第二代佳洁士电动牙刷与手动牙刷对牙菌斑去除功效的比较

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牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志 2003年第7期13卷 400-403页

作者： Jan Haun karen Williams Lynn Friesen Anita Ferrante Patricia A. Walters Robert d. Bartizek Aaron R. Biesbrok 王漪涛密苏里州大学堪萨斯市牙科学院宝洁公司健康护理研究中心北京宝洁公司佳洁士口腔护理研究院北京100084

目的 :研究新一代电动牙刷 -佳洁士SpinBrushProTM与两种先进设计的手动牙刷 -欧乐 -BCrossAction和高露洁Navigator的去除菌斑功效。方法 :本研究采用随机对照、检查者单盲、九循环交叉设计 ,为期 2个月。受试者分别使用电动牙刷和两... 详细信息

目的 :研究新一代电动牙刷 -佳洁士SpinBrushProTM与两种先进设计的手动牙刷 -欧乐 -BCrossAction和高露洁Navigator的去除菌斑功效。方法 :本研究采用随机对照、检查者单盲、九循环交叉设计 ,为期 2个月。受试者分别使用电动牙刷和两种对照牙刷各 3次。使用Turesky等改良的Quigley -Hein指数 ,在刷牙前后记录菌斑值。结果 :共 12 7名受试者完成实验。佳洁士SpinBrushProTM的菌斑去除值较高露洁Navigator和欧乐 -BCrossAction分别高 4 9%和 2 8% ,结果具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :佳洁士SpinBrushProTM的菌斑去除功效优于高露洁Narigator和欧乐 -B -CrossAction的菌斑去除功效。

关键词：电动牙刷手动牙刷菌斑去除

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