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Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas,Nepal

Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第1期18卷 141-158页

作者： kaphle binija WANGJun-bo KAI Jin-lei LYU Xin-miao PAUDAYAL Khum Narayan ADHIKARI Subash Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes(TEL) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Central Department of Geology Tribhuvan UniversityKritipurKathmandu 44600Nepal

High-altitude Himalayan lakes act as natural storage for environmental evidence related to climate change and environmental factors.A great number of lakes are distributed in the southern slope area of the central Himalayas;however,research concerning the hydrochemical processes of these lakes is still ***,we present a comprehensive study on the water chemistry of the lake waters and the inlet stream waters from Rara Lake in western Nepal based upon samples collected in November *** p H,dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll-aconcentration(chl-a),water temperature,electric conductivity(EC)and total dissolved solids(TDS)were measured in situ,and the concentrations of major ions(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),K^(+),Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and NO_(3)^(-))were analyzed in the *** results revealed that the water in Rara Lake is slightly alkaline,with p H values ranging from *** cations,in decreasing order of concentration in the lake water,are Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)>Na^(+)with average concentrations of20.64 mg·L^(-1),11.78 mg·L^(-1),1.48 mg·L^(-1) and 0.72 mg·L^(-1),respectively;the order and concentrations for the anions is HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl^(-)>NO_(3)^(-),with average concentrations of 122.15 mg·L-1,2.15 mg·L-1,0.46mg·L-1 and 0.55 mg·L-1,*** dominant cation and anion in the lake water are Ca2+and HCO3-and they account for 48.14%and 71.8%of the totals,*** range of lake water TDS is from 95mg·L^(-1) to 98 mg·L^(-1),with an average of 96.85 mg·L^(-1).The high ratio of(Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+))to total cations and the low ratio of(Na^(+)+K^(+))to total cations indicate that Rara Lake receives ions from rock weathering,especially from carbonate ***,Gibbs boomerang diagrams and Piper diagrams also support the hydrochemistry of Rara Lake as being dominated by rock-weathering ***,other statistical analysis tools,such as Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and correlation strongly suggest the dominance of weather

关键词： Water quality profiling Major ions Rock weathering Anthropogenic Rara Lake Himalayas

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