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Source Code Prioritization Using Forward Slicing for Exposing Critical Elements in a Program

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2011年第2期26卷 314-327页

作者： Mitrabinda Ray kanhaiya lal kumawat Durga Prasad Mohapatra Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology

Even after thorough testing, a few bugs still remain in a program with moderate complexity. These residual bugs are randomly distributed throughout the code. We have noticed that bugs in some parts of a program cause frequent and severe failures compared to those in other parts. Then, it is necessary to take a decision about what to test more and what to test less within the testing budget. It is possible to prioritize the methods and classes of an object-oriented program according to their potential to cause failures. For this, we propose a program metric called influence metric to find the influence of a program element on the source code. First, we represent the source code into an intermediate graph called extended system dependence graph. Then, forward slicing is applied on a node of the graph to get the influence of that node. The influence metric for a method m in a program shows the number of statements of the program which directly or indirectly use the result produced by method m. We compute the influence metric for a class c based on the influence metric of all its methods. As influence metric is computed statically, it does not show the expected behavior of a class at run time. It is already known that faults in highly executed parts tend to more failures. Therefore, we have considered operational profile to find the average execution time of a class in a system. Then, classes are prioritized in the source code based on influence metric and average execution time. The priority of an element indicates the potential of the element to cause failures. Once all program elements have been prioritized, the testing effort can be apportioned so that the elements causing frequent failures will be tested thoroughly. We have conducted experiments for two well-known case studies -- Library Management System and Trading Automation System -- and successfully identified critical elements in the source code of each case study. We have also conducted experiments to compar

关键词： program slice extended system dependence graph influence of a class test priority

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Investigating the Evolution of Amati Parameters with Redshift

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 188-200页

作者： Meghendra Singh Darshan Singh kanhaiya lal Pandey Dinkar Verma Shashikant Gupta Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited New Delhi 110001India GD Goenka University Gurugram 122103India Department of Physics Mata Raj Kaur Institute of Engineering and TechnologyRewari 123401India Department of Physics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) are among the brightest objects in the Universe and, hence, can be observed up to a very high redshift. Properly calibrated empirical correlations between intensity and spectral correlations of GRBs can be used to estimate the cosmological parameters. However, the possibility of the evolution of GRBs with redshift is a long-standing puzzle. In this work, we used 162 long-duration GRBs to determine whether GRBs below and above a certain redshift have different properties. The GRBs are split into two groups, and we fit the Amati relation for each group separately. Our findings demonstrate that estimations of the Amati parameters for the two groups are substantially dissimilar. We perform simulations to investigate whether the selection effects could cause the difference. Our analysis shows that the differences may be either intrinsic or due to systematic errors in the data, and the selection effects are not their true origin. However, in-depth analysis with a new data set comprised of 119 long GRBs shows that intrinsic scatter may partly be responsible for such effects.

关键词： Cosmology gamma rays:general (cosmology:)large-scale structure of universe galaxies:high-redshift

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Voltage-Mode Third-Order Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Using VDBAs

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Circuits and Systems 2017年第12期8卷 285-292页

作者： kanhaiya lal Pushkar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology Rohini India

This paper presents a third-order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (TOQSO) using two voltage differencing buffered amplifiers (VDBAs), three capacitors and a resistor. The new topology provides two quadrature voltage outputs. The condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) are electronically independently controllable by the separate transconductance of the VDBAs. The workability of the proposed TOQSO is confirmed by SPICE (Version 16.5) simulation using Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC) 0.18 μm process parameters.

关键词： Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier Third-Order Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Voltage-Mode

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Single-Resistance Controlled Sinusoidal Oscillator Employing Single Universal Voltage Conveyor

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Circuits and Systems 2018年第1期9卷 1-7页

作者： kanhaiya lal Pushkar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology New Delhi India

In this paper, a new single-resistance controlled sinusoidal oscillator (SRCO) using single universal voltage conveyor (UVC) has been presented. The proposed SRCO employs single universal voltage conveyor, three resistors, and two capacitors. The proposed configuration offers the following advantageous features (1) independent control of condition of oscillation and frequency of oscillation (2) low passive sensitivities. The validity of the proposed SRCO has been established by SPICE (version 16.5) simulations using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.18 μm technology.

关键词： Universal Voltage Conveyor SRCO Sinusoidal Oscillator

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Electronically Controllable Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Using VD-DIBAs

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Circuits and Systems 2018年第3期9卷 41-48页

作者： kanhaiya lal Pushkar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology New Delhi India

A new voltage-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (QSO) using two voltage differencing-differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBAs) and only three passive components (two capacitors and a resistor) is presented. The proposed QSO circuit offers advantages of independent electronic control of both oscillation frequency and condition of oscillation, availability of two quadrature voltage outputs and low active and passive sensitivities. SPICE simulation results have been included using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology to confirm the validity of the proposed QSO oscillator.

关键词： Voltage Differencing-Differential Input Buffered Amplifier Voltage-Mode Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator

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MISO-Type Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using Single Universal Voltage Conveyor

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Circuits and Systems 2017年第9期8卷 227-236页

作者： kanhaiya lal Pushkar Kavya Gupta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology New Delhi India Electronics and Communication Engineering Cell Radiance EdutechTM DDA Market Delhi India

A universal biquadratic filter using single universal voltage conveyor (UVC), two resistors and two capacitors is presented in this paper. The proposed structure has three inputs and one output and can realize all the five standard biquadratic filters: low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), band-pass (BP), band-reject (BR) and all-pass (AP) from the same circuit configuration. The presented universal filter offers low active and passive sensitivities. SPICE (Version 16.5) simulation results using 0.18 μm TSMC technology have been included.

关键词： Universal Voltage Conveyor Voltage-Mode Filter Analog Circuit Design

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A New Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using Single UVC

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Circuits and Systems 2017年第12期8卷 275-284页

作者： kanhaiya lal Pushkar Kavya Gupta Pinky Vivek Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology Rohini New Delhi India Electronics and Communication Engineering Cell Radiance EdutechTM DDA Market Paschim Vihar Delhi India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Al-Falah University Faridabad India

The paper presents a new universal biquadratic filter using single universal voltage conveyor (UVC), two resistors and two capacitors. The offered structure has three inputs and one output and can realise all the five basic biquadratic filters: high-pass (HP), low-pass (LP), band-reject (BR), band-pass (BP) and all-pass (AP) from the same circuit topology. The proposed universal filter also provides following advantageous features, not available simultaneously in any UVC based universal biquadratic filter so far: (i) low active and passive sensitivities, (ii) independent control of natural frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) and (iii) no requirement of any component matching condition and inversion of input signal(s) (as needed in most of the earlier reported structures). The workability of proposed structure has been presented by SPICE (Version 16.5) simulation using 0.18 μm TSMC technology.

关键词： Analog Circuit Universal Voltage Conveyor Voltage-Mode Filters

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CMOS VDIBAs-Based Single-Resistance-Controlled Voltage-Mode Sinusoidal Oscillator

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Circuits and Systems 2017年第1期8卷 14-22页

作者： kanhaiya lal Pushkar Ghanshyam Singh Rajendra Kumar Goel Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology New Delhi India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering HMR Institute of Technology and Management (HMRIT) Delhi India

In this communication, a new single-resistance controlled sinusoidal oscillator (SRCO) has been presented. The presented SRCO uses two voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifiers (VDIBAs), one resistor and two capacitors in which one is grounded (GC) and the other one is floating (FC). The proposed structure offers the following advantageous features: 1) independent control of oscillation condition (OC) and oscillation frequency (OF);2) low passive and active sensitivities and 3) very good frequency stability. The non-ideal effects of the VDIBA on the proposed oscillator have also been investigated. The proposed SRCO has been tested for its robustness using Monte-Carlo simulations. The check of the validity of the presented SRCO has been established by SPICE simulations using 0.18 μm TSMC technology.

关键词： Sinusoidal Oscillator Voltage Differencing Inverting Buffered Amplifier Voltage-Mode Circuits Analog Circuit Design

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Electronically-Controllable Grounded-Capacitor-Based Grounded and Floating Inductance Simulated Circuits Using VD-DIBAs

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Circuits and Systems 2013年第5期4卷 422-430页

作者： Data Ram Bhaskar Dinesh Prasad kanhaiya lal Pushkar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology Rohini New Delhi India

New Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA) based lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed. The proposed grounded simulated inductance circuit employs a single VD-DIBA, one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor. The floating simulated inductance (FI) circuits employ two VD-DIBAs with two passive components (one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor). The circuit for grounded inductance does not require any realization conditions where as in case of floating inductance circuits, a single matching condition is needed. Simulation results demonstrating the applications of the new simulated inductors using CMOS VD-DIBAs have been included to confirm the workability of the new circuits.

关键词： VD-DIBA Inductance Simulation Filters

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Carbon farming by recarbonization of agroecosystems

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 676-679页

作者： Rattan lal CFAES Rattan lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration The Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA

Carbon(C)farming refers to deliberate adoption of restorative land use and site-specific best management practices which create a positive soil/ecosystem C budget and lead to sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))in soil and biomass such that increase in soil/terrestrial C stock can generate another income stream for land ***-based C sequestration can be in biomass(above-and belowground)and increase in soil C *** latter comprises of soil inorganic C(SIC)and soil organic C(SOC)*** of C as SIC pool is through formation of secondary carbonates and leaching of bicarbonates with irrigation water.

关键词： soil income budget

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