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Analysis of Water Resources Vulnerability Assessment Tools

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第2期9卷 69-86页

作者： kanga idésoumaila Albachir Seydou Niandou Mustapha Naimi Chikhaoui Mohamed Keith Schimmel Soil and Water Management Laboratory Department of Natural Resources and EnvironmentHassan II Institute of Agronomy&Veterinary MedicineRabat 10101Morocco Applied Science and Technology North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411USA

Water resources face many pressures and stresses around the *** the vulnerability of water resources is,therefore,increasingly an essential practice in water resources *** studies of water resources vulnerability have been carried out around the world during the last three ***,the main objective of this study was to analyze water resources vulnerability assessment tools and identify the methodological trend of water resources vulnerability assessment at the local level in existing *** achieve this objective,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)method has been applied to include or exclude *** on water vulnerability numbering 374 were preselected in the ScienceDirect and the Google Scholar *** 32 out of the 374 articles met the inclusion criteria defined for the *** results show that China(21.9%),U.S.A.(9.4%)and Canada(6.3%)are the most active countries publishing water resources vulnerability *** 191 vulnerability indicators from the 32 articles were classified into five categories of factors:physical factors(33.5%),socio-economic factors(28.3%),environmental or eco-environmental factors(25.1%),institutions and governance factors(7.3%)and infrastructure factors(5.8%).This study shows that almost half of the studies(47%)considered all five categories of factors,9.4%considered four categories of factors,6.3%considered three categories of factors,28%used two types of factors and 9.4%considered only one *** have used several methods to assess water resources vulnerability:overlay and index methods(59.4%),process-based models(12.5%),statistical methods(9.4%),overlay and index methods plus process-based model(9.4%),overlay and index methods plus statistical methods(6.3%)and statistical methods plus process-based models(3.1%).Geographic information system(GIS)is an important tool in assessing the vulnerability of water resou

关键词： Water vulnerability water resources management water vulnerability assessment tools.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Water Quality Indices

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： kanga idé soumaila Albachir Seydou Niandou Mustapha Naimi Chikhaoui Mohamed Keith Schimmel Stephanie Luster-Teasley Naeem Nizar Sheick Soil and Water Management Laboratory Department of Natural Resources and Environment Hassan II Institute of Agronomy & Veterinary Medicine Rabat Morocco Department of Energy & Environmental Systems North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro NC 27411 USA Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro NC 27411 USA School of Science and Engineering Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane Ifrane Morocco

Water quality indices (WQI) are useful tools for indicating the suitability of water for an expected use. However, they can suffer from some problems. The objective of this paper was to analyze the development of WQI to determine which parameters are used in water quality assessment and to discuss the characteristics of WQI. To screen articles on WQI, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method is applied to include or exclude articles. Four necessary steps are needed to design WQI: parameter selection, standardization, weighting and aggregation. A set of six methods of aggregations of sub-indices are identified: the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, the root square, the logarithmic function, the fuzzy inference and the minimum operator. The problems encountered for the overall index are different according to the form of aggregation. They are eclipsing, ambiguity, rigidity or flexibility, adaptability and compensation. The chemical parameters (70%) are the most used in the development of WQI with the physical parameters used at 24% and the biological parameters at 6%. Dissolved oxygen (DO, 87%), total coliforms (87%), biological oxygen demand (BOD, 73%), pH (73%), temperature (67%), turbidity (60%), ammonia (53%), ammonium (47%) and total dissolved solids (47%) are the most commonly used parameters for water quality assessment.

关键词： Water quality indices water quality parameters water quality assessment review meta-analysis

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