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Level of Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Children Aged between 3 to 59 Months in Koza, Far North Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期13卷 707-718页

作者： Djike Puepi Fokam Yolande kamo selangai helene Noukeu Njinkui Diomede Missota Tchahe Mariane Gabrielle Wandji Yanelle Ganni Wele Wilfried Tedongfo Nicolas Verla Vincent Sisyi Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatric Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Pediatric Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy put in place by World Health Organisation (WHO) to fight against malaria in zones of high seasonal malaria transmission since the year 2012. This strategy has been implemented in the Far North and North regions of Cameroon since the year 2016. Despite the implementation of this program the number of cases and deaths from seasonal malaria among the under 5 seems to be rising in Koza health area. Objective: To determine the level of implementation of the SMC Program and its impact on the mortality of children aged 03 to 59 months during the season of high transmission. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional and 7-years retrospective study. Data was surveyed for 3 months in 3 health areas of Koza health area. Data were collected and typed in Kobo collect, cleaned in MS Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 25 to come out with descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 172 households, female children were mostly represented 99 (57%) The age group mostly represented was 2 years. The population knowledge on SMC’s overall score was above average. The overall coverage rate (4 cycles) was 84% from interviewed parents and 67.5% from SMC cards. More than 23% of children experienced at least one side effect with the most common being vomiting (72%). The population’s overall impression of the program was good at 85%. The trends SMC coverage showed a sinusoidal fluctuation from 2015 to 2021, 2016 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021. Conclusion: The coverage rate of SMC was high thus the program is well implemented.

关键词： Level of Implementation Children Parents/Tutors Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Koza

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Knowledge Regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV among a Group of Adults in a Low Income Country

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 955-965页

作者： Epee Ngoue Jeannette Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick kamo selangai helene Mboua Batoum Véronique Tony Nengom Jocelyn Kago Tague Daniel Armand Brice Touka Kouam Euranie Essomba Aurore Albane Nguefack Felicitée Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences of Garoua University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Interstate Public Health Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Despite communication on Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), close to 5.9 million people didn’t know they were living with HIV. One of the modes of transmission of HIV is vertical transmission. It remains the principal way of transmission of HIV for children below 15 years, with over 90% of them being infected. In Cameroon, the mother and child transmission of HIV is still a problem with 5.5% of infection of exposed infant at the early infant diagnosis in 2019. Awareness on prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is an important component for the fight against HIV. We therefore aimed at gauging the level of knowledge of a group of adult clients on HIV and PMTCT. Methodology: We conducted a cross sectional and analytical study at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric hospital for a period of one month. Were included, adults who visited the hospital for a free screening campaign on HIV. Data were collected using a questionnaire on their characteristics and knowledge of HIV and PMTCT. Data were entered using CSPro and analysed using IBM SPSS. Results: There was a gap in knowledge on HIV, considering satisfactory knowledge from 25 points and above, it was noted that 34.6% of our respondents had a non-satisfactory knowledge. For PMTCT, knowledge was average with the majority scoring 10 points on 18. Considering satisfactory knowledge on PMTCT was from 10 and above, 35.9% of our respondents had a non-satisfactory knowledge. Female sex was associated with satisfactory knowledge for both HIV and PMTCT. Conclusion: Concerning PMTCT, the knowledge of the mode of transmission, Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for prevention to the babies or feedings recommendations on exposed HIV infants were poor. There is a gap in favor of women regarding knowledge between HIV and PMTCT. Therefore, men are highly encouraged to take part to health promotion activities on HIV and PMTCT.

关键词： HIV PMTCT Infant Knowledge

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Clinical and Evolutive Aspects of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 - 59 Months at Maroua Regional Hospital in Cameroon’s Far North Region

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 700-711页

作者： Palma Haoua Abouame selangai Hélène kamo Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick Fernando Kemta Lepka Daniel Nemsi Sadjo Salihou Aminou Haman Soureya Yolande Feudjo Ulrich Dama Félicitée Nguefack Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Maroua Regional Hospital Maroua Cameroon Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon University of Lisala Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most important causes of under-five mortality. In Cameroon, the northern regions have the highest prevalence, with 1.4% in the Far North in 2021. These children are managed at the Internal therapeutic and Nutrional Centre, one of which is located at Maroua Regional Hospital, the third level referral Hospital. We therefore proposed to carry out a study on the clinical and evolutive aspects of these children. Materials and Methods: it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January 2020 to December 2022, at the ITNC (CNTI) of Maroua Regional Hospital. The sample size was obtained from the Lorentz formula. Patient records were used for data collection. We excluded all incomplete records and patients with less than 24 hours of admission. Results: Out of the 873 patients we recruited, the prevalence of severe malnutrition was estimated at 18 %. The average age was 14 months, with a male predominance. The main reasons for consultation were fever (42%) and diarrhoea (35%). Marasmus was the predominant clinical form. The major medical complications were sepsis (32.9%) and malaria (16.8%). HIV prevalence was 2.5% and tuberculosis was 4.9%. Most patients had haemoglobin levels between 7 and 10g/dl. 79.3% were cured and 6.5% died. The main causes of death were sepsis and malaria. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem in the Far North region. Several joint actions are needed to break this cycle.

关键词： Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Far North Cameroon

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Osteomyelitis in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: A Challenging Diagnosis: Case Report from Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第2期11卷 208-214页

作者： Djike Puepi Fokam Yolande Kukwah Anthony Tufong Tagakou Mboula Jules Andang Paul Mayah Eposse Ekoube Charlotte Diomede Noukeu Njinkui Dominique Enyama helene kamo selangai Verla Vincent Siysi Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics Faculty of Health Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Buea Regional Hospital Buea South West Cameroon Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Treatment Centre of Sickle cell Disease Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is the most prevalent genetic disease in the world predominantly in the African population with Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) being its dominant form. One of the most frequent complications of SCD is osteomyelitis. SCA is due to a point mutation in the beta globin chain of haemoglobin. This is responsible for the sickled shape of RBCs under low oxygen tension conditions leading to obstruction in the microcirculation. This leads to vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) which has a similar clinical presentation to that of osteomyelitis, another complication of SCD. Case Presentation: We present the case of a three-year-old girl with SCA who presented with an inability to bear weight in a febrile context. A diagnosis of VOC was initially made, which was later on changed to both a left chronic tibial and right distal femoral osteomyelitis following a series of biological, and imaging investigations. Surgical debridement and drainage were performed, resulting 9 weeks later in the involution of fever and leg pain. Conclusion: Osteomyelitis when associated with SCD is a dreadful and deathly disease in low income countrie

关键词： Chronic Osteomyelitis Sickle Cell Disease Child

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Neurodevelopmental Problems in Children at 9 Months of Age Associated with Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第2期7卷 98-108页

作者： Evelyn Mungyeh Mah Seraphin Nguefack Hélène kamo selangai Andréas Chiabi Mbassi Awa Félicité Dongmo Mazou Ngou Temgoua Elie Mbonda Affiliation Department of Pediatrics Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Neonatal asphyxia is a major cause of infant morbidity in Cameroon. The aim of this study was to describe the short-term neurological outcome of children following neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from May 2010 to September 2013. We included 39 exposed cases against 78 non-exposed cases followed-up for at least 9 months. The variables studied were: age, sex, head circumference, neurological sequelae, postural anomalies and motor skills and developmental age/quotient. The data collected were analyzed using Epi info software version 3.5.3. The Fisher Exact Test was used to compare the variables with a significance threshold defined for p Results: We recruited 39 cases for 78 controls. The majority (74.40%) of cases were classified as HIE Sarnat 3 and 25.60% Sarnat 2. Most of the children were aged 12 - 36 months with a mean age of 18 months. The male sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.2;and 61.50% of children with HIE had head circumference Conclusion: The frequency of neurological sequelae following HIE was high in our series. Efforts should be made to prevent perinatal asphyxia and to ensure the availability of material and staff trained to help babies’ breath in all the delivery rooms in our maternities.

关键词： Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Cerebral Palsy Mental Retardation Cameroon

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