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Implications for brainstem recovery from studies in primates after sensory loss from arm

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 479-480页

作者： Jamie L.Reed hui-Xin Qi Jon h.Kaas Department of Psychology Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even *** example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the spinal nerves can shrink the post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch receptors for the hand and arm,primary nerve afferents enter the spinal cord,and axons travel in the dorsal columns to target the cuneate nucleus(Cu)of the brainstem on the same side of the body(Figure 1).When sensory loss is unilateral,the overwhelming result is for the associated primary target zone to shrink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to the size of the opposite side.

关键词： brainstem shrink removing

Multi-trial Vector-based Whale Optimization Algorithm

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1465-1495页

作者： Mohammad h.Nadimi-Shahraki hajar Farhanginasab Shokooh Taghian Ali Safaa Sadiq Seyedali Mirjalili Faculty of Computer Engineering Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Big Data Research Center Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Department of Computer Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimisation Torrens UniversityBrisbane4006Australia

The Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)is a swarm intelligence metaheuristic inspired by the bubble-net hunting tactic of humpback *** spite of its popularity due to simplicity,ease of implementation,and a limited number of parameters,WOA’s search strategy can adversely affect the convergence and equilibrium between exploration and exploitation in complex *** address this limitation,we propose a new algorithm called Multi-trial Vector-based Whale Optimization Algorithm(MTV-WOA)that incorporates a Balancing Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(BS_TVP),a Local Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(LS_TVP),and a Global Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(GS_TVP)to address real-world optimization problems of varied degrees of ***-WOA has the potential to enhance exploitation and exploration,reduce the probability of being stranded in local optima,and preserve the equilibrium between exploration and *** the purpose of evaluating the proposed algorithm's performance,it is compared to eight metaheuristic algorithms utilizing CEC 2018 test ***,MTV-WOA is compared with well-stablished,recent,and WOA variant *** experimental results demonstrate that MTV-WOA surpasses comparative algorithms in terms of the accuracy of the solutions and convergence ***,we conducted the Friedman test to assess the gained results statistically and observed that MTV-WOA significantly outperforms comparative ***,we solved five engineering design problems to demonstrate the practicality of *** results indicate that the proposed MTV-WOA can efficiently address the complexities of engineering challenges and provide superior solutions that are superior to those of other algorithms.

关键词： Swarm intelligence algorithms Metaheuristic algorithms Optimization Engineering design problems Whale optimization algorithm

Blockade of Rho-associated kinase prevents inhibition of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves induced by anti-ganglioside antibodies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 895-899页

作者： Andrés Berardo Cristian R.Bacaglio Bárbara B.Báez Rubén Sambuelli Kazim A.Sheikh Pablo h.h.Lopez Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra(INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Departamento de Química Biológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba(CIQUIBIC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET) Facultad de Cs.QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Clínica Universitaria Reina FabiolaUniversidad Católica de Córdoba Department of Neurology University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-Barrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon ***-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies triggers inhibition of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon *** effects involve the activation of the small GTPase Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stablished inhibitors of axon regeneration described so *** aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhibitor of ROCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was previously reported to exert a potent inhibitory effect on regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated *** results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of *** with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fibers to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous *** contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated ***,scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody in the absence of toxicity in animals exposed to only ***,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhibition of axon regeneration induced by anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal *** findings open the possibility of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting Rho A/R

关键词： anti-ganglioside antibodies anti-glycan antibodies axon regeneration ganglioside Guillain-Barrésyndrome nerve repair ROCK Y-27632

Single-pilot operations in commercial flight:Effects on neural activity and visual behaviour under abnormalities and emergencies

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 277-292页

作者： Qinbiao LI Chun-hsien ChEN Kam K.h.NG Xin YUAN Cho Yin YIU human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory Department of Aeronautical and Aviation EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region 100872China School of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

With cutting-edge technologies and considering airline human-resource-saving,a single pilot in commercial jets could be technically *** changes in captains’natural behaviours are initially required to comprehend the specific safe human performance envelope for safeguarding single-pilot flight,particularly in high-risk *** paper investigates how captains’performance transforms for fixing emergencies when operating from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO)to Single-Pilot Operations(SPO)through a physiological-based *** pilots flew an emergency-included flight with/without first officers’*** neural activities and scanning behaviours were recorded using a 32-channel Electroencephalogram(EEG)and glasses-based eye tracker,with the observation and post-experiment questionnaires to evaluate the flight operations and pilots’*** alone,there was a significantly increased cortical activity in h and b waves over the frontal,parietal,and temporal lobes during the more complicated emergencies,and pilots focused less on the primary flight display while spending significantly more time scanning the other *** physiological fluctuating patterns associated with risky operations in SPO were highlighted by cross-correlating multimodal *** experimental-based noteworthy insights may wish to inform commercial SPO measures to lessen the persistent physiological fluctuation,assisting airlines in creating SPO-oriented intelligent flight systems to give captains adequate support for assuring safer air transportation.

关键词： Aviation engineering Single pilot operations Behaviour changes Eye tracker Electroencephalogram

Prediction of vertical displacement for a buried pipeline subjected to normal fault using a hybrid FEM-ANN approach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 428-443页

作者： hedye JALALI Reza YEGANEh KhAKSAR Danial MOhAMMADZADEh S. Nader KARBALLAEEZADEh Amir h.GANDOMI Department of Civil Engineering Architecture and UrbanismSadjad University of TechnologyPO Box ***MashhadIran Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringEqbal Lahoori Institute of Higher EducationPO Box ***MashhadIran Faculty of Civil Engineering Architectureand ArtScience and Research Branch of Islamic Azad UniversityPO Box ***TehranIran Faculty of Engineering&Information Technology University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia University Research and Innovation Center(EKIK) Óbuda UniversityBudapest 1034Hungary

Fault movement during earthquakes is a geotechnical phenomenon threatening buried pipelines and with the potential to cause severe damage to critical ***,effective prediction of pipe displacement is crucial for preventive management *** study aims to develop a fast,hybrid model for predicting vertical displacement of pipe networks when they experience *** this study,the complex behavior of soil and a buried pipeline system subjected to a normal fault is analyzed by using an artificial neural network(ANN)to generate predictions the behavior of the soil when different parameters of it are *** this purpose,a finite element model is developed for a pipeline subjected to normal fault *** data bank used for training the ANN includes all the critical soil parameters(cohesion,internal friction angle,Young’s modulus,and faulting).Furthermore,a mathematical formula is presented,based on biases and weights of the ANN *** results show that the maximum error of the presented formula is 2.03%,which makes the proposed technique efficiently predict the vertical displacement of buried pipelines and hence,helps to optimize the upcoming pipeline projects.

关键词： buried pipelines normal Fault finite element method multilayer perceptron neural network formulation

Nanotechnology-based gene therapy as a credible tool in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2127-2133页

作者： Aziz Unnisa Nigel h.Greig Mohammad Amjad kamal Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of HailHailSaudi Arabia Drug Design&Development Section Translational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Institutes for Systems Genetics Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Allied Health SciencesDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh Enzymoics Novel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNSWAustralia

Toxic aggregated amyloid-βaccumulation is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s *** approaches have focused on the suppression,deferral,or dispersion of amyloid-βfibers and *** therapy has evolved as a potential therapeutic option for treating Alzheimer’s disease,owing to its rapid advancement over the recent *** interfering ribonucleic acid has recently garnered considerable attention in gene therapy owing to its ability to down-regulate genes with high sequence specificity and an almost limitless number of therapeutic targets,including those that were once considered ***,lackluster cellular uptake and the destabilization of small interfering ribonucleic acid in its biological environment restrict its therapeutic application,necessitating the development of a vector that can safeguard the genetic material from early destruction within the bloodstream while effectively delivering therapeutic genes across the bloodbrain *** has emerged as a possible solution,and several delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles have been shown to bypass key challenges regarding small interfering ribonucleic acid *** reducing the enzymatic breakdown of genetic components,nanomaterials as gene carriers have considerably enhanced the efficiency of gene ***,polymeric nanoparticles,magnetic nanoparticles,dendrimers,and micelles are examples of nanocarriers that have been designed,and each has its own set of ***,recent advances in the specific delivery of neurotrophic compounds via gene therapy have provided promising results in relation to augmenting cognitive *** this paper,we highlight the use of different nanocarriers in targeted gene delivery and small interfering ribonucleic acid-mediated gene silencing as a potential platform for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β BACE1 gene silencing gene therapy nanoparticle neurotrophins small interfering ribonucleic acid

Photoluminescence and ratiometric thermo-response of Eu^(2+)and Eu^(3+)in BaAl_(2)B_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Eu^(3+)phosphor materials

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1240-1249,I0002页

作者： Ziyao Wang haitao Fu Xiufeng Zhan Bo Tong Guofeng Ma h.T.(Bert)hintzen Institute of Innovative Science and Technology Shenyang UniversityShenyang110044China College of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang UniversityShenyang110044China Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology2629 JBDelftthe Netherlands

A novel Eu^(2+)-Eu^(3+)co-activated ratiometric thermo-sensitive phosphor was developed and synthesized by solid-state *** valence state of Eu,photoluminescence and thermo-sensitive performance of the phosphor prepared either in ambient air or carbothermally were investigated and *** phosphor shows high sensitivity(Sa=0.0173 K^(-1),S_(r)=0.461%/K)and superior signal discriminability(Δν∼10380 cm^(−1)).The thermo-sensitive performance is subject to the dual effects of different thermo-responses by Eu^(2+)versus Eu^(3+)combined with energy transfer from Eu^(2+)to Eu^(3+),so that the sensitivity of the phosphor in the temperature range presents a non-monotonic *** development of the BaAl_(2)B_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Eu^(3+)phosphor is not only expected to be relevant for application in the field of temperature sensing,but also of reference significance for improving the sensitivity by means of energy transfer between co-activator ions over a wider temperature range of Eu^(2+)-Eu^(3+)co-activated ratiometric thermo-sensitive phosphors.

关键词： Photoluminescence Ratiometric thermo-response Phosphor Eu^(2+)/Eu^(3+) Rare earths

Spark Plasma Sintering of Boron Carbide Using Ti_(3)SiC_(2) as a Sintering Additive

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第3期39卷 645-650页

作者： hülya Biçer Mustafa Tuncer hasan Göçmez Iurii Bogomol Valerii Kolesnichenko Andrey Ragulya Kutahya Dumlupinar University School of EngineeringDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringKütahya 43100Tur-key Boron Based Advanced Ceramics Application and Research Center Kütahya Dumlupınar UniversityKütahya 43100Turkey Advanced Technologies Center(İLTEM) Kütahya Dumlupınar UniversityKütahya 43000Turkey Department of high-Temperature Ma-terials and Powder Metallurgy National Technical University of Ukraine“Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”Kyiv 03056Ukraine Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyiv 03056Ukraine

Boron carbide has unique properties for wide application possibilities;however,poor sinterability limits its *** approach to overcome this limitation is the addition of secondary phases into boron *** carbide based composite ceramics are produced by the direct addition of secondary phases into the structure or via reactive sintering using a sintering *** present study investigated the effect of Ti_(3)SiC_(2) addition to boron carbide by reactive spark plasma sintering in the range of 1700-1900℃.Ti_(3)SiC_(2) phase decomposed at high temperatures and reacted with B4C to form secondary phases of TiB2 and *** results demonstrated that the increase of Ti_(3)SiC_(2) addition(up to 15 vol%)effectively promoted the densification of B4C and yielded higher ***,as the amount of Ti_(3)SiC_(2) increased further,the formation of microstructural inhomogeneity and agglomeration of secondary phases caused a decrease in hardness.

关键词： reactive sintering SPS boron carbide MAX phase

Network Embedding Algorithm for Vulnerability Assessment of Power Transmission Lines Using Integrated Structure and Attribute Information

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 351-360页

作者： Xianglong Lian Tong Qian Zepeng Li Xingyu Chen Wenhu Tang Q.h.Wu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

In power systems,failures of vulnerable lines can trigger large-scale cascading failures,and vulnerability assessment is dedicated to locating these lines and reducing the risks of such *** on a structure and attribute network embedding(SANE)algorithm,a novel quantitative vulnerability analysis method is proposed to identify vulnerable lines in this ***,a two-layered random walk network with topological and electrical properties of transmission lines is ***,based on the weighted degree of nodes in the two-layered network,the inter-layer and intra-layer walking transition probabilities are developed to obtain walk ***,a Word2Vec algorithm is applied to obtain lowdimension vectors representing transmission lines,according to obtained walk sequences for calculating the vulnerability index of transmissions ***,the proposed method is compared with three widely used methods in two test *** show the network embedding based method is superior to those comparison methods and can provide guidance for identifying vulnerable lines.

关键词： Network embedding random walk transmission lines vulnerability assessment