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Effects of the type of forest alteration on gross nitrogen mineralization in soils of southern India

Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1689-1697页

作者： Niharika sharma Sanjeev Kumar Geosciences Division Physical Research LaboratoryAhmedabadGujarat 380009India

Change in land-use practices can result in major shifts in the cycling of various elements,particularly nitrogen(N),which is prone to anthropogenic *** quantifying these shifts,accurate measurements of rates of biogeochemical transformations of N are *** used the(^(15)N) isotope dilution technique to understand the effects of the types of forest alteration on(N) transformation rates by comparing gross N mineralization and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)) consumption rates in soils of a managed forest,an unmanaged forest,and a rubber plantation in Kerala,***,nitrate(NO_3~-) dominated soils of the managed and unmanaged forests,whereas soils in the rubber plantation showed relatively higher NH_(4)^(+) *** N(TN) and total organic carbon(TOC) concentrations were the highest under the rubber canopy(TN:1.49±0.02 mg N g^(-1);TOC:7.96±0.86 mg C g^(-1)).In soils of all three forest types,gross N mineralization rates were higher compared to NH_(4)^(+) consumption *** high TN and TOC concentrations,the rates of gross N mineralization and NH_(4)^(+) consumption were considerably lower in the rubber plantation(mineralization:1.08±0.08 mg N kg^(-1)d^(-1);consumption:0.85±0.09 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-)) compared to the managed(mineralization:3.71±0.35 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1);consumption:2.20±1.41 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) and unmanaged(mineralization:2.20±1.07 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1);consumption:1.39±0.27 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) *** lower NH_(4)^(+) consumption rates in the rubber plantation led to significantly higher(p<0.05) residence time of NH_(4)^(+)(~4 days) compared to the managed and unmanaged forests(<2 days),possibly contributing to acidification of rubber soils(pH~4.8).These results together suggest that replacement of naturally grown forests with a mono-cropped plantation such as rubber negatively impact rates of N transformation processes in tropical soils and imply that change in tree species composition of naturally grown forests can adve

关键词： Nitrogen Mineralization Forest soils Rubber plantation Land-use change

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Selenium Alleviates Carbohydrate Metabolism and Nutrient Composition in Arsenic Stressed Rice Plants

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Rice science 2022年第4期29卷 385-396页

作者： Sheetal BHADWAL Sucheta sharma Department of Biochemistry Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004PunjabIndia

This study reported the influence of selenium(Se)on carbohydrate composition and some related enzymes and nutrient compositions of arsenic(As)stressed rice *** plants of cultivar PR126 were grown on soil amended with As in a range of 25-100μmol/kg with and without 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg *** soluble sugars(TSS)and reducing sugars(RS)increased in leaves of As stressed plants at the tillering and grain filling stages whereas sucrose and starch contents showed the reverse *** supplementation to As stressed plants further increased TSS and RS,and enhanced sucrose phosphate synthase activity in rice leaves,thus improving sucrose content and the tolerance to As stress of the *** alone or in combination with As resulted in lower As accumulation in rice husk and grains,and the highest reduction was observed in Se applied at 1.0 mg/kg compared to the corresponding As treatments *** may limit the accumulations of Na,Mg,K,Ca,Fe,Zn and Mn in rice grains,which are essential for *** application of different combinations of As and Se protected the plants against As and increased the mineral content in rice *** of Se in As treated soil significantly alleviated As stress by enhancing grain yields compared to the corresponding As *** is concluded that Se induced amelioration of the toxic impact of As in rice either by modulating carbohydrate composition and/or nutrient uptake is one of the mechanisms to alleviate As stress in plants.

关键词： arsenic selenium carbohydrate metabolism nutrient uptake rice

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Bianchi Type-V Magnetized String Cosmological Model with Variable Magnetic Permeability for Viscous Fluid distribution

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第8期27卷 275-278页

作者： Atul Tyagi Keerti sharma Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science MLS University Udaipur 313001 India Department of Mathematics Medi-Caps Institute of Technology and Management A.B. Road Pigdambar Indore 453331 India

We investigate the Bianchi type-V magnetized string cosmological model with variable magnetic permeability for viscous fluid distribution. The magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along the x-axis. Thus the magnetic field is in yz-plane and F23 is the only non-vanishing component of electromagnetic field tensor Fij. To obtain the deterministic model in terms of cosmic time t, we assume the condition ξθ const where ξ is the coefficient of bulk viscosity and θ the expansion in the model.

关键词： Magnetic fields Viscosity Cosmological models

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Sacred groves of India:repositories of a rich heritage and tools for biodiversity conservation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 899-916页

作者： Sakshi sharma Rajesh Kumar Department of Botany DAV CollegeAmritsarPunjab 143001India DAV College AmritsarPunjab 143001India

Sacred groves preserve a rich religious and socio-cultural heritage of Indian biodiversity from primeval times,due to their *** act as a bridge between man and *** help to improve soil quality,replenish water resources and are pivotal for biodiversity conservation of plants and animals including rare,endemic,threatened,vulnerable species and ethnobotanical *** of India's sacred groves are associated with a deity or a spiritual being,who protects the grove and local *** cover of these groves has traditional ethnobotanical value,especially in the field of ethnomedicine,which accounts for the conservation of groves over the *** plant species from sacred groves are used according to tradition and culture to prevent or cure various health ***,modernisation,industrialisation,increased encroachment and misuse of forest resources increasingly threaten sacred *** treasures of nature must be conserved by formulating and applying new laws and policies while creating awareness among people about the value of sacred *** this aim,we review the distribution,ecological and socio-cultural significance of sacred groves of India and strategies to conserve them.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Endemic Ethnobotany Ethnomedicine

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Locally Rotationally Symmetric Bianchi Type-II Magnetized String Cosmological Model with Bulk Viscous Fluid in General Relativity

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第8期28卷 364-367页

作者： Atul Tyagi Keerti sharma Department of Mathematics and Statistics University College of ScienceMLS UniversityUdaipur 313001(Raj.)India Department of Mathematics Medi-caps Institute of Technology and ManagementIndore(MP)India

The locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type-II magnetized string cosmological model with bulk viscous fluid is *** magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along the x−*** the magnetic field is in the y–z plane and F23 is the only non−vanishing component of electromagnetic field tensor *** obtain the deterministic model in terms of cosmic time t,we have assumed the conditionξθ=const,whereξis the coefficient of bulk viscosity andθis the expansion in the model.

关键词： Bianchi string Cosmo

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Detection and Classification of Potential Caves on the Flank of Elysium Mons,Mars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第6期22卷 81-90页

作者： Ravi sharma Neeraj Srivastava J.J.T.University Jhunjhunu.Rajasthan 333001India Planetary Science Division Physical Research LaboratoryAhmedabad 380009India

Martian caves have revived interest in the field of subsurface exploration because they are the potential destinations for future human habitats and astrobiological *** are many pits on Mars,but some of them look like collapsed cave *** special pits are formed by the collapse of surface materials into the subsurface void *** signature of life is probable in a subsurface cave on Mars as the subsurface environment can protect life from the harsh and dangerous radiation environment of the *** a cave,there may be an abundance of minerals,fluids,and other key ***,locating the access point of the subsurface cave is essential and crucial for formulating plans for robotic/human explorations of the Red Planet,*** have used remote sensing data from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter(MRO;NASA),Mars Global Surveyor(MGS;NASA),and Mars Odyssey(NASA)for identifying,mapping,and classifying selected special pit candidates on the flank of Elysium Mons,Mars.A total of 32 special pit candidates has been identified and classified based upon morphology and geological *** of these,26 are newly discovered *** thermal behavior of 23 special pit candidates confirms that the special pits are radiating heat energy at nighttime,similar to potential ***,cave entrances have been detected in nine candidates using data from the Hi RISE camera onboard *** sites could be important destinations for future robotic/human exploration and the search for life on Mars.

关键词： planets and satellites individual(Mars)-planets and satellites surfaces-planets and satellites general

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Comprehending drivers of land use land cover change from 1999 to 2021 in the Pithoragarh District,Kumaon Himalaya,Uttarakhand,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2394-2407页

作者： Mahika PHARTIYAL Sanjeev sharma Centre for the Study of Regional Development Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India

The Himalayan region has been experiencing stark impacts of climate change,demographic and livelihood pattern *** analysis of land use and land cover(LULC)change provides insights into the shifts in spatial and temporal patterns of *** changes are the combined effects of anthropogenic and natural/climatic *** present study attempts to monitor and comprehend the main drivers behind LULC changes(1999-2021)in the Himalayan region of Pithoragarh district,*** district is a border district,remotely located in the north-east region of Uttarakhand,*** study draws upon primary and secondary data sources.A total of 400 household surveys and five group discussions from 38 villages were conducted randomly to understand the climate perception of the local community and the drivers of *** imagery,CRU(Climatic Research Unit)climate data and climate perception data from the field have been used to comprehensively comprehend,analyze,and discuss the trends and reasons for LULC *** and remote sensing techniques were used to construct LULC *** multifaceted approach ensures comprehensive and corroborated *** classes were identified and formed viz-cultivation,barren,settlement,snow,and *** show that vegetation and builtup have increased whereas cultivation,barren land,and snow cover have *** study further aims to elucidate the causes behind LULC changes in the spatially heterogeneous region,distinguishing between those attributed to human activities,climate shifts,and the interconnected impacts of *** study provides a comprehensive picture of the study area and delivers a targeted understanding of local drivers and their potential remedies by offering a foundation for formulating sustainable adaptation policies in the region.

关键词： Himalayan region Land use/land cover change Anthropogenic factors Climate change Socioecological system

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Confidential machine learning on untrusted platforms:a survey

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 461-479页

作者： sharma Sagar Chen Keke Northwestern Mutual Data Science Associate Professor Director of Trustworthy and Intelligent Computing Lab Department of Computer Science Marquette University Milwaukee WisconsinUSA HP Inc. USA

With the ever-growing data and the need for developing powerful machine learning models,data owners increasingly depend on various untrusted platforms(e.g.,public clouds,edges,and machine learning service providers)for scalable processing or collaborative ***,sensitive data and models are in danger of unauthorized access,misuse,and privacy compromises.A relatively new body of research confidentially trains machine learning models on protected data to address these *** this survey,we summarize notable studies in this emerging area of *** a unified framework,we highlight the critical challenges and innovations in outsourcing machine learning *** focus on the cryptographic approaches for confidential machine learning(CML),primarily on model training,while also covering other directions such as perturbation-based approaches and CML in the hardware-assisted computing *** discussion will take a holistic way to consider a rich context of the related threat models,security assumptions,design principles,and associated trade-offs amongst data utility,cost,and confidentiality.

关键词： Confidential computing Cryptographic protocols Machine learning

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Bound State Solutions of the Dirac Equation for the Kratzer Potential

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Chinese Physics Letters 2004年第10期21卷 1893-1895页

作者： LalitK.sharma JosephFiase DepartmentofPhysics UniversityofBotswanaPvt.Bag0022GaboroneBotswana

We present exact solutions of the Dirac equation for two electromagnetic potentials, i.e. the vector and the scalar potentials. These solutions are written in terms of the known solutions of the Schrodinger equation. The presentation is within the two-component relativistic description. Mainly the bound state solutions have been obtained.

关键词： Quantum information and quantum mechanics

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Antimicrobial potential of Terminalia chebula Retz. fruit extracts against ear pathogens

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2012年第2期2卷 8-13页

作者： Chetan sharma kamal R Aneja Ramkrashan Kasera Ashish Aneja Department of Microbiology Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra 136119HaryanaIndia Department of Biotechnology Pune UniversityPune 411007India University Health Center Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra 136119HaryanaIndia

AIM： To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Terminalia chebula （ T. chebula） extracts against pathogens causing otitis externa and compare it with ear ***： Four different extracts, methanol, ethanol, acetone and aqueous （hot and cold） extracts, from the T. chebula were tested for their antimicrobial activity through the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC）/minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） values were determined through the macrodilution broth method against six different microorganism, five bacterial （one gram positive and four gram negative） and one ***： Organic and aqueous fruit extracts displayed activity against all fve tested bacterial ear pathogens with a maximum zone of inhibition of 31.6 mm against Staphylococcus aureus , followed by Acinetobacter sp. （24.6 mm）, Pseudomonas aeruginosa （23.6 mm）, Proteus mirabilis （21 mm） and Escherichia coli （19.3mm）. Of the four solvents evaluated, acetonic fruit extract of T. chebula was found to be best. The MIC values ranged between 0.78 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL for the different bacterial ear pathogens and MBC values ranged between 1.56 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. The acetonic fruit extract showed larger inhibition zones compared to the herbal ear drops, Kan pip with lowest MIC of 0.78 mg/mL and MBC of 1.56 mg/***： Acetonic extract of T. chebula fruit may be used to treat otitis externa. However, more detailed studies, such as in vivo testing and pharmacokinetics properties, are needed to determine its therapeutic potential.

关键词： Otitis externa Terminalia chebula Anti-microbial activity Minimum inhibitory concentration Mi-nimum bactericidal concentration Organic and aqueous extracts

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