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Effects of Motivation and Demography on the Quantitative Plausibility of the Trojan Horse Defence Against Possession of Child Pornography

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第6期21卷 9-15页

作者： Richard E Overill Jantje A M Silomon kam-pui chow Hayson Tse Dept.of Informatics King's College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom Dept.of Computer Science University of Hong Kong

The Enhanced Complexity Model( ECM) developed previously has been further extended to produce a Motivationally Enhanced Complexity Model( MECM) which enables the degree of motivation,capability and opportunity of a hypothetical Trojan Horse author to be included in quantifying the relative plausibility of competing explanations for the existence of uncontested digital *** new model has been applied to the case of the Trojan Horse defence( THD) against the possession of child *** results demonstrate that the THD in this case cannot be plausibly sustained unless it can be shown that an ‘off-theshelf'( OTS) Trojan Horse for this task is available and it is not detectable by the target computer,at the material time.

关键词： Trojan Horse defence child pornography digital forensic evidence complexity quantitative plausibility metrics posterior odds

An approach to quantifying the plausibility of the inadvertent download defence

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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 28-32页

作者： Richard E.Overill kam-pui chow Department of Informatics King’s College LondonLondonUK Department of Computer Science University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

A table of 95%confidence limits on the probabilities for randomly downloading relatively small numbers of illegal images or sensitive documents amongst a relatively large number of other images or documents has been *** is anticipated that these data will assist prosecution officials in arriving at a decision as to whether or not there is a reasonable likelihood of a successful criminal prosecution when the inadvertent download defence is employed in cases of possession of child pornography,terrorist material or espionage-related *** same data can also be used by defence counsels to assess the strength of the prosecution’s case.

关键词： Forensic science probability theory confidence interval binomial distribution,inadvertent download defence possession of child pornography counter terrorism counter espionage

Influence of structural factors on the tribological performance of organic friction modifiers

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Friction 2021年第2期9卷 380-400页

作者： Febin CYRIAC Xin Yi TEE Sendhil KPOORNACHARY pui Shan chow Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore 627833Singapore

The influence of structural factors on the lubrication performance of organic friction modifiers(OFMs)formulated in Group V(polyol ester oil)base oil was studied using a ball-on-disk *** results show that OFMs can mitigate friction under heavy loads,low sliding speeds,and high *** conditions are commonly encountered in internal-combustion engines between cylinder liners and piston *** reduction in friction is ascribed to the boundary lubrication film containing the *** chemical composition analysis of the metal disk surface using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)confirmed the presence of a protective film of OFM on the wear track,albeit inconsistently *** the adsorption of the OFM on the metal surface was observed to be dependent on the chemical reactivity of the functional groups,levels of unsaturation,and hydrocarbon chain length of the OFM,the frictional performance was not always directly correlated with the surface coverage and tribofilm *** implies that the friction reduction mechanism can involve other localized processes at the interface between the metal surface and lubricant *** occasional variation in friction observed for these OFMs can be attributed to the stability and durability of the boundary film formed during the rubbing phase.

关键词： organic friction modifiers friction wear film thickness

Metamorphism of the northern Liaoning Complex:Implications for the tectonic evolution of Neoarchean basement of the Eastern Block,North China Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第3期4卷 305-320页

作者： kam Kuen Wu Guochun Zhao Min Sun Changqing Yin Yanhong He pui Yuk Tam Department of Earth Sciences James Lee Science BuildingThe University of Hong Kong Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooOntarioCanada Department of Geology North West University

As one of the areas where typical late Archean crust is exposed in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton, the northern Laioning Complex consists principally of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic （TTG） gneisses, massive granitoids and supracrustal rocks. The supracrustal rocks, named the Qingyuan Group, consist of interbedded amphibolite, hornblende granulite, biotite granulite and BIF. Petrological evidence indicates that the amphibolites experienced the early prograde （M1）, peak （M2） and post-peak （M3） metamorphism. The early prograde assemblage （M1） is preserved as mineral inclusions, represented by actinotite ＋ hornblende - plagioclase ＋ epidote ＋ quartz 4- sphene, within garnet porphyroblasts. The peak assemblage （M2） is indicated by garnet ＋ clinopyroxene ＋ hornblende ＋ plagioclase ＋ quartz ＋ ilmenite, which occur as major mineral phases in the rock. The post-peak assemblage （M3） is characterized by the garnet 4- quartz symplectite. The P-T pseudosections in the NCFMASHTO system constructed by using THERMOCALC define the P-T conditions of M1, M2 and M3 at 490-550 C＋（4.5 kbar, 780 810 C/7.65- 8.40 kbar and 630-670 ＋C]8.15-9.40 kbar, respectively. As a result, an anticlockwise P-T path involving isobaric cooling is inferred for the metamorphic evolution of the amphibolites. Such a P-T path suggests that the late Archean metamorphism of the northern Liaoning Complex was related to the intrusion and underplating of mantle-derived magmas. The underplating of voluminous mantle-derived magmas leading to metamorphism with an anticlockwise P-T path involving isobaric cooling may have occurred in continental magmatic arc regions, above hot spots driven by mantle plumes, or in continental rift envi- ronments. A mantle plume model is favored because this model can reasonably interpret many other geological features of late Archean basement rocks from the northern Liaoning Complex in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton as well as their anticlockwise P-T pat

关键词： Amphibolites Northern Liaoning complex North China Craton Late Archean Metamorphic evolution

A 5-year analysis of endothelial vs penetrating keratoplasty graft survival in Chinese patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第9期13卷 1374-1377页

作者： Anita Lai Wah Li Rachel pui Wai Kwok Ka Wai kam Alvin Lerrmann Young Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Prince of Wales Hospital&Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole HospitalNew Territories East ClusterHospital Authoritythe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

AIM:To determine if there is any difference in longterm graft survival between Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty(DSEK)and penetrating keratoplasty(PK).METHODS:A retrospective 5-year cases analysis of bullous keratopathy secondary to Fuchs’endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy,receiving either DSEK or PK.A total of 42 DSEK cases and 25 PK cases were included in the ***:In the 5-year analysis,graft survival rates were very similar in the two groups(DSEK 77.1%vs PK76.0%.P=0.918.95%CI:-6.3 to 33.4).Sub-analyses at 1y(DSEK 81%vs PK 95%.P=0.085.95%CI:-29 to 3.6)and 2y(DSEK 81%vs PK 88%.P=0.381.95%CI:-25.9 to 11.8)show a trend towards lower survival rates of DSEK vs PK,but the results were not statistically ***:Longterm 5-year graft survival is similar between the DSEK and PK methods of corneal transplant in Chinese patients with bullous keratopathy.

关键词： cornea endothelial keratoplasty corneal graft

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a cohort of Chinese patients in Hong Kong

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2223-2228页

作者： kam Hoi Chan Chun Wing Chan Wai Hung chow Wai Keung Kwan Chi Kwan Kong Ka Fung Mak Miu Yi Leung Lin Kiu Lau Department of Medicine Yan Chai Hospital Tsuen Wan Hong Kong SAR China Department of Surgery Yan Chai Hospital Tsuen Wan Hong Kong SAR China Department of Radiology Yah Chai Hospital Tsuen Wan Hong Kong SAR Chin Department of Pathology Yah Chai Hospital Tsuen Wan Hong Kong SAR China

AIM： To investigate the prevalence and clinical pattern of gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs） in Hong Kong Chinese, and to assess the impact of introduction of CD117 on the disease incidence. METHODS： From the database of the Department of Pathology of Yan Chai Hospital, 47 patients, with GISTs from September 1995 to December 2003 were included in this study. Ten GISTs were diagnosed before the introduction of CD117. The clinical features, tumor characteristics, and treatment were analyzed. Factors predicting tumor related death or recurrence were studied with Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS： The patients included 26 males and 21 females, with a mean age of 66.6 years （SD 13.1, range 29-87 years）. The estimated prevalence of GISTs was 13.4-15.6 per 100 000 people, with an annual inddence of 1.68-1.96 per 100 000 people. The annual incidence of GISTs before and after the introduction of CD117 was 1.1 per 100 000 people and 2.1 per 100 000 people respectively. Stomach （34 patients, 72.3%） was the most common location for the tumor, followed by the small intestine （8 patients, 17.0%）, esophagus （2 patients, 4.3%）, omentum （2 patients, 4.3%） and colon （1 patient, 2.1%）. Thirty-one patients （66%） had complete tumor resection. Eleven out of 16 deaths （23%） were tumor-related. The median survival time was 26 too. Five-year survival rate was 61.3%. The significant factors associated with tumor-related death or recurrence were incomplete resection, tumor size 5 cm or above, invasion to the adjacent organ or presence of metastasis, CONCLUSION： The incidence of GIST in Hong Kong is comparable to that in the United States but lower than that in Finland. The true incidence of GISTs could be underestimated before the introduction of CD117. Incomplete resection, tumor size 5 cm or above, invasion to the adjacent organ or presence of metastasis are factors predicting tumor-related death or recurrence.

关键词： Gastrointestinal tumor GIST Prognostic factors, Clinical features Incidence

Long-Term and Immediate Impacts of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(Health-EDRM) Education Interventions in a Rural Chinese Earthquake-Prone Transitional Village

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 319-330页

作者： Emily Ying Yang Chan Janice Ying-en Ho Zhe Huang Jean Hee Kim Holly Ching Yu Lam Phoebe pui Wun Chung Carol Ka Po Wong Sida Liu Sharon chow Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health & Human Rights Harvard University Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) International Centre of Excellence–CCOUC (ICoE-CCOUC) Wu Zhi Qiao (Bridge to China) Charitable Foundation

Ma'an Qiao Village, a Dai and Yi ethnic minority-based community in Sichuan Province, China sustained complete infrastructure devastation during the 2008 Panzhihua earthquake. Health emergency and disaster risk management(Health-EDRM) education intervention programs were implemented in 2010 and 2011. This serial cross-sectional survey study aimed to examine the immediate and long-term impacts of the Health-EDRM interventions in this remote rural community. The findings demonstrate knowledge improvement in areas of water and sanitation, food and nutrition, and disaster preparedness immediately after the Health-EDRM education interventions. Temporal stability of knowledge retention was observed in household hygiene and waste management and smoking beliefs in 2018, 7 years after the *** important findings include knowledge uptake pattern differences of oral rehydration solution(ORS) between earthquake-prone and flood-prone communities. Usage of Internet and mobile technology for accessing disaster-related information was found to be independent of gender and income. Overall, this study demonstrated the knowledge improvement through Health-EDRM education interventions in a remote rural community. Promoting behavioral changes through interventions to raise awareness has the potential to reduce health risks in transitional post-disaster settings. Future programs should aim to identify evidence-based practices and explore how technology can support Health-EDRM education among vulnerable subgroups.

关键词： Earthquake Transitional community Disaster preparedness kit Disaster risk reduction Health emergency and disaster risk management Rural China Sichuan

Incidence and predictors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2923-2927页

作者： William Ng Wai-Man Wong Wai-Hong Chen Hung-Fat Tse pui-Yin Lee kam-Chuen Lai Sheung-Wai Li Matthew Ng Kwok-Fai Lam Xi Cheng Chu-Pak Lau Division of Cardiology University Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR China Division of Gastroenterology University Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR China Division of Rehabilitation Medicine University Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR China Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

AIM： The use of low-dose aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease events is well established. However, the incidence and predictors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding （UGIB） with its use are unknown. We studied prospectively the incidence and outcome of peptic ulceration in low-dose aspirin users. METHODS： A total of 991 patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） on low-dose aspirin were prospectively followed-up for two years for the occurrence and clinical features of first hospitalized episode of UGIB. RESULTS： UGIB had a bimodal presentation with 45% occurring within four months of aspirin initiation and had an overall prevalence of 1.5% per year. There was no UGIB-related death. Hypertension （OR = 4.6, 95%CI 1.5 - 14.7, P = 0.009）, history of peptic ulceration （OR = 3.1, 95%CI 1.1 - 9.0, P = 0.039）, tertiary education （OR = 3.08, 95%CI 1.1 - 9.0, P = 0.039） and higher lean body mass （P = 0.016） were independent factors associated with UGIB. Use of nitrate did not reduce UGIB. CONCLUSION： The incidence of UGIB in patients with CAD on long-term low-dose aspirin is low, but is accompanied with significant morbidity. With prolonged use of aspirin, UGIB continues to be a problem for those with risk factors and especially in patients with a history of peptic ulcers, in which UGIB tends to occur early after aspirin therapy.

关键词： Coronary artery disease, Aspidn Gastrointestinal bleeding

Intravenous fluid selection rationales in acute clinical management

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 13-19页

作者： Wing Yan Shirley Cheung Wai Kwan Cheung Chun Ho Lam Yeuk Wai Chan Hau Ching chow Ka Lok Cheng Yau Hang Wong Chak Wah kam Accident and Emergency Department Tuen Mun Hospital

BACKGROUND: Intravenous fluid(IVF) is commonly used in acute clinical management. This study aimed to review the choice and primary considerations in IVF prescriptions and to evaluate the adequacy of guidelines and trainings on it in the New Territories West Cluster(NTWC) of Hong ***: This is a descriptive study based on data collected from an online survey. Data were processed by SPSS for statistical analysis. This study focused on a general description and doctor-nurse between group comparison. Participants were asked the choice of IVF for nine acute clinical scenarios and provide reason. A 1–10 scale was used to assess the sufficiency of guideline, training and information, and time for revision on IVF ***: 0.9% sodium chloride was the most familiar IVF(36%), followed by 5% Dextrose solution(26%). In the nine scenarios, the most chosen IVF was 0.9% sodium chloride(37%–61%). There was significant difference in the choice of IVF between doctors and nurses in 7 cases. The second most chosen IVF for doctors was Plasma-Lyte A while that for nurses was Gelofusine. Departmental practice was the most chosen reason to account for the prescription. The adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision was rated 5. Doctors had significantly more time at work than nurses to update knowledge in IVF prescription(5.41 versus 4.57).CONCLUSION: 0.9% sodium chloride was mostly chosen. The choice of IVF was mainly based on departmental practice. Adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision on IVF prescription were average, indicating significant training deficit.

关键词： Intravenous fluid Acute care Resuscitation