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Aamar-e-Advia(shelf-lives) of drugs in Unani system of medicine:A conceptual review

Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第2期18卷 114-124页

作者： Ameena Yasmeen Ghulamuddin Sofi kaleemullah khan Department of Ilmul Advia(Pharmacology) Government Unani Medical CollegeRajiv Gandhi University of Health SciencesBengaluru-560079KarnatakaIndia Department of Ilmul Advia(Pharmacology) National Institute of Unani MedicineRajiv Gandhi University of Health SciencesBengaluru-560091KarnatakaIndia Registered clinical practitioner and Independent researcher Mysore-570019KarnatakaIndia

In an era of globalization and increased global demand for herbal medicines, it is essential to ensure the quality and consistency of drugs. Changes in the quality of an herbal product over time should be detectable. The assessments of chemical quality and therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs are necessary to establish their shelf-lives. Thus, stability testing is needed to establish standards for herbal products. Unani medicine has its own conceptual framework for studying health and disease. The mode of treatment includes Ilaj bit Tadbeer(regimental therapy), Ilaj bil Ghiza(dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa(pharmacotherapy) and Ilaj bil Yad/Jarahat(surgery) as a final option. Ilaj bil Dawa is the most used mode of *** drugs include either crude drugs prepared from plant, animal and mineral sources, called Mufrad(single) drugs or various formulations prepared from these crude drugs, called Murakkab(compound)drugs. To date, stability studies have been carried out on compound drugs, whereas only a few single drugs had had their stability tested. These studies are needed to understand how the quality of an herbal drug varies over the time when it is prepared and consumed. This may also help to standardize procedures for manufacturing compound formulations ab initio. The present study reviews the concept of Aamar-e-Advia(shelf-lives) described in the literature of the Unani system of medicine. Further, various factors that are considered important to assess the shelf-life of Unani drugs are discussed in the context of contemporary protocols for shelf-life assessment.

关键词： Drug stability Shelf-life Expiry date Unani medicine Aamar-e-Advia Drug potency

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Simulation of Non-Isothermal Turbulent Flows Through Circular Rings of Steel

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4341-4355页

作者： Abid.A.Memon M.Asif Memon kaleemullah Bhatti Kamsing Nonlaopon Ilyas khan Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkur65200SindhPakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen40002Thailand Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

This article is intended to examine the fluid flow patterns and heat transfer in a rectangular channel embedded with three semi-circular cylinders comprised of steel at the *** an organization is used to generate the heat exchangers with tube and shell because of the production of more turbulence due to zigzag path which is in favor of rapid heat *** of little maintenance,the heat exchanger of such type is extensively ***,we generate simulation of flow and heat transfer using nonisothermal flow interface in the Comsol multiphysics 5.4 which executes the Reynolds averaged Navier stokes equation(RANS)model of the turbulent flow together with heat *** is tested with Prandtl number(Pr=0.7)with inlet velocity magnitude in the range from 1 to 2 m/sec which generates the Reynolds number in the range of 2.2×10^(5) to 4.4×10^(5) with turbulence kinetic energy and the dissipation rate in ranges(3.75×10^(−3) to 1.5×10^(−2))and(3.73×10^(−3)−3×10^(−2))*** correlations available in the literature are used in order to check *** results are displayed through streamlines,surface plots,contour plots,isothermal lines,and *** is concluded that by retaining such an arrangement a quick distribution of the temperature over the domain can be seen and also the velocity magnitude is increasing from 333.15%to a maximum of 514%.The temperature at the middle shows the consistency in value but declines immediately at the *** process becomes faster with the decrease in inlet velocity magnitude.

关键词： Incompressible turbulent flow heat transfer non-isothermal finite element method energy equation

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Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer Analysis of Airflow in a Sinusoidally Curved Channel

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4835-4853页

作者： Abid.A.Memon M.Asif Memon kaleemullah Bhatti Thanin Sitthiwirattham Nichaphat Patanarapeelert Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkur65200SindhPakistan Mathematics Department Faculty of Science and TechnologySuan Dusit UniversityBangkok10300Thailand Department of Mathematics Faculty of Applied ScienceKing Mongkut’s University of Technology North BangkokBangkok10800Thailand

For heat transfer enhancement in heat exchangers,different types of channels are often *** performance of heat exchangers can be made better by considering geometry composed of sinusoidally curved *** research studies the modeling and simulation of airflow through a 2πunits long sinusoidally curved wavy *** the purpose,two-dimensional Navier Stokes equations along with heat equations are under *** simulate the fluid flow problem,the finite element-based software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 is *** parametric study for Reynolds number from Re=100 to Re=1000 and the period of vibration P from 0 to 5 are *** surface plots,streamline patterns,contours,and graphs are presented for the velocity field magnitude,temperature,and pressure against the Reynolds number as well as period of *** results are compared with various *** is found that due to the creation of periodic contraction regions the velocity magnitude of the flow is continuously increasing with the increase of Reynolds number,on the contrary the pressure is decreasing from inlet to outlet of the ***,a periodic variation in the pressure distribution along the vibrating boundaries has been found with an average increase of 500%for the high Reynolds number.A novel work was done by expressing the rotation rate per second in terms of local Reynolds number for the recirculating regions found due to the periodic oscillation of the *** average temperature near the outlet where a fixed temperature is imposed initially is decreasing with an increase in Reynolds *** convection process is weakened due to an increase of periodic vibration of boundaries.

关键词： Simulation of fluid flow heat transfer cosine function wavy channel

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Sorghum:Nutritional Factors,Bioactive Compounds,Pharmaceutical and Application in Food Systems:A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1303-1325页

作者： Heba I.Mohamed Eman M.Fawzi Abdul Basit kaleemullah Rafiq Lone Mahmoud R.Sofy Biological and Geological Sciences Department Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityCairo11575Egypt Department of Horticulture Faculty of Crop Production SciencesUniversity of AgriculturePeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Agricultural Mechanization and Renewable Energy Technologies Faculty of Crop Production SciencesUniversity of AgriculturePeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Botany Central University of KashmirGanderbal474011India Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt

After wheat,rice,maize,and barley,sorghum is the fifth most widely grown cereal on the *** to its high production,drought resistance,and heat tolerance,this crop is replacing maize in some *** is available in a variety of colors,including cream,lemon-yellow,red,and even *** principal grain anatomical components are pericarp,germ or embryo and *** review provides an overview of key sorghum grain components,including starches,fiber,proteins,lipids,and ***,we summarized phenolic compounds,flavonoids,tannins,carotenoids,vitamin E,amines,Policosanols and Phytosterols in sorghum *** is used to manufacture bread and porridge,and it provides a significant source of energy and nutrition for humans;sorghum is extensively farmed for animal ***,because the natural components in sorghum are useful in the development of healthy and functional foods,sorghum farming for both biofuel production and human consumption is gaining *** sorghum grain is high in antioxidants such as polyphenols,primarily tannins,which have a variety of health benefits,including antiproliferative properties linked to the prevention of certain cancers,antioxidant activities linked to the prevention of diseases linked to oxidative stress,and anti-inflammatory effects,as well as improving glucose *** these chemicals cannot be assimilated,their application in the food business has been limited,as sorghum is regarded as a lownutritional grain due to the presence of anti-nutritional components such as strong tannins,which form complexes with proteins and iron,limiting their *** review aims to show the utilization of sorghum as a source of bioactive chemicals and the value they bestow on human health due to the general biological potential it possesses.

关键词： Antioxidant anticancer food anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds sorghum

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Effect of ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus (Lam) Merr on biochemical parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats with high fats diets

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第5期5卷 219-223页

作者： Kifayatullah Muhammad Mustapha Mohd Shahimi Aravinth Vijay Jesuraj Sengupta Pinaki khan Muhammad Shahid kaleemullah Faculty of Pharmacy Lincoln University CollegeMalaysia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Islamic International UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Business and Management Sciences Limkokwing UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering UTHM Batu PahatMalaysia

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus (Lam) Merr (P. glaucus) on biochemical parameters in high fats diets treated rats. Methods: The effect of P. glaucus extract on biochemical parameters was studied in male Sprague Dawley rats. The high-fat diets along with standard normal laboratory rat's diets were given for a period of 28 days along with ethanolic extract of P. glaucus and standard drug. The standard group was treated with simvastatin at dose of 80 mg/kg and the tested groups were treated with ethanol extract of P. glaucus at 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg daily for 28 days of the experiment. The weight of animals in each group was measured weekly and the effect of extract and standard on serum lipids profile was evaluated at the end of the study. Results: The results showed that the ethanolic extract of P. glaucus at different doses of 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg and standard drug induced a significant reduction in the body weight (P< 0.001), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and uric acid levels and increase (P < 0.001) in high density lipoproteins (HDL) as compared to untreated hyperlipidemic group. Conclusions: The present work indicates that the ethanolic extract significantly suppressed the biochemical parameters in high fats diet treated animals, suggesting the antihyperlipidemic potential of P. glaucus.

关键词： Ethanolic extract Pericampylus glaucus (Lam) Merr Biochemical parameters Male Sprague-Dawley rats

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超级大国影响下的巴基斯坦外交：应对冷战同盟、地区动态和国家安全（1947-1971）

超级大国影响下的巴基斯坦外交：应对冷战同盟、地区动态和国家安...

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作者： kaleemullah 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

本文深入研究了巴基斯坦冷战外交的复杂动态,特别是探究了其在1947年至1971年间与美国领导下的西方阵营的结盟。在东西方阵营的全球竞争中,巴基斯坦凭借其战略重要性、地理位置和在国际政治中的积极作用,成为了这一时期的关键参与者。... 详细信息

本文深入研究了巴基斯坦冷战外交的复杂动态,特别是探究了其在1947年至1971年间与美国领导下的西方阵营的结盟。在东西方阵营的全球竞争中,巴基斯坦凭借其战略重要性、地理位置和在国际政治中的积极作用,成为了这一时期的关键参与者。巴基斯坦的外交政策侧重于安全、发展和意识形态。与美国的结盟将满足有关领导人的所有期望。在与印度对抗的情况下,在解决与安全问题有关的领土争端时,美国可能会为其提供重要的技术和外交支持。这个新成立的国家的领导人认为,美国将向巴基斯坦提供援助来达成经济繁荣和发展基础设施。作为一个资本主义国家,由于巴基斯坦的某些宗教团体和领导人认为共产主义苏联是反宗教的,因而认为美国与巴基斯坦有更强的联系。美国赞助这种宣传意向的进一步传播,以阻碍苏联在诸多地带的扩张。西方盟友对巴基斯坦的经济稳定、军事组织建设和基础设施发展均产生了实质性的影响。巴基斯坦在英联邦国家和美国的帮助下修建了曼格拉和塔贝拉水坝,并开展了其它旨在促进农业发展和经济增长的项目。然而,美国对军事独裁者的支持阻碍了巴基斯坦民事力量发展的同时也阻碍了该国民主的发展。因此,当美国削减支持力度时,巴基斯坦将因独裁者的无能而面临经济上的不稳定。所以,我的结论是,巴基斯坦在1947年到1971年间的政策和外交决策是无法有效确保国家长期稳定的。正如1971年巴基斯坦东部和西部的分离所呈现出来的那样。在本文的分析中,我认为这个国家试图与西方阵营结盟以保障其安全的努力最终是失败的,因为这个重视对美关系的国家崩溃了。在此基础上,我提出了我的研究问题:“在冷战时期(1947年至1971年),巴基斯坦是如何应对自己的外交选择和同盟关系的,如何在既考虑到自己的地区安全关切和经济利益,又重视来自印度的不可避免的威胁的情况下,平衡自己在美国领导的西方阵营中的参与?以及这些外交决策对巴基斯坦国家安全和政治前景的长期影响是什么”?本研究调查了这些外交决策对巴基斯坦国家安全的持久影响,提供了可用于当代安全挑战和政策制定的宝贵见解。研究还为现代外交提供了指导,尤其是在地缘政治属性复杂的地区,有助于帮助决策者在当今动荡的全球背景下做出明智的决策。此外,它通过弥补冷战史学和国际关系文献中的空白,对学术话语作出了重要贡献。最终,它旨在成为学生学习巴基斯坦历史和国际关系的宝贵资源。对于本文而言,现实主义理论最为适合,因为它聚焦于国家利益和生存因素,可用于分析巴基斯坦与以美国为首的阵营的结盟。此外,本研究借助对称性同盟和非对称性同盟的概念,强调巴基斯坦对安全承诺的追求,并通过与占主导地位的超级大国的协调和专门技能的学习来增强军事力量。该研究采用了年代法考察关键事件,如巴基斯坦与西方阵营的结盟、贝达贝尔空军基地事件(U2事件)和印巴冲突。在印巴冲突中,除了领土问题外,水资源冲突也在国际政治的思考中得到了详细的考察。它批判性地评估了这些外交选择对巴基斯坦国内政治、安全政策和社会经济发展的影响。通过全面的文献回顾,本研究涵盖了不同的观点,包括南亚的战略意义,冷战军备竞赛以及美国与巴基斯坦之间的拜占庭式关系。它还考虑了超级大国对巴基斯坦外交政策的微妙影响。在方法论部分,本文使用了来自国际关系数据库和可靠期刊的二手数据,如书籍、文章、演讲和报纸。该研究旨在为冷战史学做出贡献,为决策者在有着复杂地缘政治现实的地区应对当代安全挑战提供有价值的见解。本论文分为五章。第一章“绪论”,简要介绍本文的研究背景、问题陈述、研究意义以及研究问题,例如“在冷战时期(1947年至1971年),巴基斯坦是如何应对自己的外交选择和同盟关系的,如何在既考虑到自己的地区安全关切和经济利益,又重视来自印度的不可避免的威胁的情况下,平衡自己在美国领导的西方阵营中的参与?以及这些外交决策对巴基斯坦国家安全和政治前景的长期影响是什么”?该章节还包含文献综述,以发现该领域先前研究的空白。此外还给出了理论框架以及用于研究结论的方法论。第二章深入探讨了巴基斯坦的历史背景,重点介绍了1947年至20世纪70年代初期巴基斯坦的成立和冷战同盟。出于对地缘政治的考虑,包括战略位置,经济需要和用于对抗印度的军事援助,以及1953年美巴为应对全球权力动态而签订的军事协议,尽管巴基斯坦最初承诺保持中立,但它还是转向了西方阵营。本章广泛考察了克什米尔冲突的意识形态和地缘政治维度,详细介绍了冷战动态如何影响了国际社会对该问题的反应,并影响了巴基斯坦在地区和全球范围内的政治关系。克什米尔冲突对巴基斯坦军事战略、安全机构和内部稳定的影响得到了彻底审视。本章节还概括了巴基斯坦面临的外交挑战,特别是与苏联之间的外交挑战,强调了苏联在承认巴基斯坦方面的拖延。这一章深入研究了巴基斯坦从美国获得的经济和军事援助,但随后承诺破裂对巴基斯坦的经济和军事实力产生了重大影响。这一结

关键词：巴基斯坦外交超级大国地区动态国家安全

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废旧轮胎热解的研究液体燃料的生产

废旧轮胎热解的研究液体燃料的生产

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作者： kaleemullah（科立）东南大学

学位级别：硕士

废旧轮胎是一种常见而又具有重要意义的固体废弃物,并且由于发达及发展中国家汽车使用量的增加导致废旧轮胎的数量持续增长。同时,全球范围内采取了不同的措施以期寻找到汽油和柴油燃料的替代品来克服化石燃料危机。本文主要探索微波热... 详细信息

废旧轮胎是一种常见而又具有重要意义的固体废弃物,并且由于发达及发展中国家汽车使用量的增加导致废旧轮胎的数量持续增长。同时,全球范围内采取了不同的措施以期寻找到汽油和柴油燃料的替代品来克服化石燃料危机。本文主要探索微波热解技术作为可再生循环系统中生物质废物处理热降解技术的替代能源技术的可能性。废旧轮胎的回收与处理问题是环境与经济可持续发展的重要一环。相关技术对于制造及理论研究都是一种挑战。姑且不论可能的产业价值,热解技术是废旧轮胎再生产中最新的强有力的技术方法。显然,热解过程中交换热量的提升能够有效增加过程产物的丰富性。本文所述的微波辐射是热解中最高效的技术之一。目前,废旧轮胎热解已有不同的技术,如可粉碎废旧轮胎获得橡胶粉末,而后然后进行火力发电,最后通过重制及化学品的分解作用制成橡胶材料。热解过程可以衍生出具有重要商业价值的化学品。通过热解油在约600℃(标准大气压)的条件下进行馏分蒸馏从而实现热解可实现至少两种重要商用化学品的分。本文还揭示了通过使用过的橡胶轮胎的微波热解(MWP)生产炭黑的改进方法。微波热解获得的回收产品,与传统技术相比具有更高的商业价值、更高效的处理方法,并且微波热解技术能够在商业、工业生产中更好地检测过程并给予反馈。使用几种表征方法以从产率产物中获得所需的化学品或化合物。生物油的1HNMR分析表明存在与氧/羟基相邻的脂族。通过Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)检查生物炭的表面积。发现热解温度从400℃增加到500℃没有显示出BET表面积的显着增加。然而,当温度升至600℃时,在轮胎废料样品的情况下,BET表面积急剧上升至1.0945±0.0149。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)也在所得生物炭上进行。它是结论是,在生物炭形成轮胎废物的情况下,1620-1610 cm-1的峰值指的是C=C拉伸振动表明存在α,β-不饱和酮。在1390-1310cm-1范围内的峰值是指O-H弯曲,这表明存在苯酚。

关键词：热解微波加热热解油生物质可再生能源废旧轮胎橡胶

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LBMBS： A Load-Balanced Moveable Bubble Scheme for Tori Interconnection Networks

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2014年第3期11卷 278-283页

作者： Miada A. Murad Mariya M. kaleemullah Soha S. Zaghloul Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences University of King Saud Riyadh 11451 Kingdomof Saudi Arabia

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一种低成本种肥条播机的研究报告

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热带作物机械化 1998年第2期 38-39页

作者： S.kaleemullah 黄晖译

一种利用当地材料制作的低成本种肥条播机已被研制出来。其主要部分是木质横梁,木耙齿,铁铧,种子漏斗,肥料漏斗,pvc硬管和牵引杆。经鉴定,这种条播机十宽刀耙式机械在花生播种施肥中,较传统的犁后播种施肥法每公顷可节省46.7个人力小时,... 详细信息

一种利用当地材料制作的低成本种肥条播机已被研制出来。其主要部分是木质横梁,木耙齿,铁铧,种子漏斗,肥料漏斗,pvc硬管和牵引杆。经鉴定,这种条播机十宽刀耙式机械在花生播种施肥中,较传统的犁后播种施肥法每公顷可节省46.7个人力小时,53.3个牛力小时和283.30卢比(9美元)。在适宜的天气条件下,旱地农户使用这种种肥条播机效率还会更高。

关键词：种肥条播机花生播种施肥

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Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Sohnari Member of Laki Formation from Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第6期11卷 183-196页

作者： Muhammad Asif Noonari Surih Sibaghatullah Jagirani Huafeng Tang Asghar A. A. D. Hakro Ali Ghulam Sahito kaleemullah Jagirani Shahid Ali Shaikh Muhammad Dodo Jagirani College of Earth Science Jilin University Changchun China Centre for Pure and Applied Geology University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Oil and Gas Development Company Limited Islamabad Pakistan Department of Geography University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

This study determines the geochemical and depositional environment analysis of the sediments of the Sohnari Member of the Laki Formation, Northern Kirthar Fold Belt of Pakistan. The Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) technique is used for the detection of major elements and the effects of shifting depositional climatic conditions of six representative samples which were acquired from the Sohnari Member of the Laki Formation at Lakhra area, Sindh, Pakistan. The sedimentological studies clarify that the sediments the Sonahri Member are relatively immature and most migrated in clastic mode. The availability of Silica shows that the Member was formed due to biochemical precipitation and detrital mode and was deposited at a fast rate of sediment deposition under the fluvio-deltaic depositional system. This is also deduced that the rapid rate of sediment deposition might be created a reducing atmosphere and allowing for the mineralization of sulphur.

关键词： Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Geochemistry Sohnari Member the Laki Formation Northern Kirthar Fold Belt of Pakistan

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