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Increased density of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small bowel mucosa of celiac patients

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第2期21卷 439-452页

作者： Tamara Vorobjova Oivi Uibo kaire heilman Raivo Uibo Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of Tartu51014 TartuEstonia Department of Pediatrics University of TartuTartuEstoniaChildren’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital51014 TartuEstonia Department of Pediatrics University of TartuTartuEstoniaTallinn’s Children’s Hospital13419 TallinnEstonia

AIM: To investigate the densities of dendritic cells(DCs) and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells(Tregs) and their interrelations in the small bowel mucosa in untreated celiac disease(CD) patients with and without type 1 diabetes(T1D).METHODS: Seventy-four patients(45 female, 29 male, mean age 11.1 ± 6.8 years) who underwent small bowel biopsy were studied. CD without T1 D was diagnosed in 18 patients, and CD with T1 D was diagnosed in 15 patients. Normal small bowel mucosa was found in two T1 D patients. Thirty-nine patients(mean age 12.8 ± 4.9 years) with other diagnoses(functional dyspepsia, duodenal ulcer, erosive gastritis, etc.) formed the control group. All CD patients had partial or subtotal villous atrophy according to the Marsh classification: Marsh grade Ⅲa in 9, grade Ⅲb in 21 and grade Ⅲc in 3 cases. Thirty-nine patients without CD and 2 with T1 D had normal small bowel mucosa(Marsh grade 0). The densities of CD11c+, IDO+, CD103+, Langerin(CD207+) DCs and FOXP3+ Tregs were investigated by immunohistochemistry(on paraffin-embedded specimens) and immunofluorescence(on cryostat sections) methods using a combination of mono- and double-staining. Sixtysixserum samples were tested for Ig A-tissue transglutaminase(t TG) using a fully automated Eli ATM Celikey Ig A assay(Pharmacia Diagnostics, Freiburg, Germany). RESULTS: The density of CD11c+ DCs was significantly increased in CD patients compared with patients with normal mucosa(21.67 ± 2.49 vs 13.58 ± 1.51, P = 0.007). The numbers of FOXP3+ cells were significantly higher in CD patients(10.66 ± 1.50 vs 1.92 ± 0.37, P = 0.0002) and in patients with CD and coexisting T1D(8.11 ± 1.64 vs 1.92 ± 0.37, P = 0.002) compared with patients with normal mucosa. The density of FOXP3+ cells significantly correlated with the histologicalgrade of atrophic changes in the small bowel mucosa according to the March classification(r = 0.62; P < 0.0001) and with levels of Ig A antibody(r = 0.55; P < 0.0001). The densities of IDO+ DCs were

关键词： CD11c+,CD103+,IDO+,Langerin(CD207+) dendritic cell

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Celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes:a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第2期8卷 150-156页

作者： Raivo Uibo Marina Panarina Kaupo Teesalu Ija Talja Epp Sepp Meeme Utt Marika Mikelsaar kaire heilman Oivi Uibo Tamara Vorobjova Department of Immunology University of TartuTartuEstonia Department of Microbiology University of TartuTartuEstonia Children’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital TartuEstonia Department of Pediatrics University of TartuTartuEstonia

Two common chronic childhood diseases-celiac disease(CD)and type 1 diabetes(T1D)-result from complex pathological mechanisms where genetic susceptibility,environmental exposure,alterations in intestinal permeability and immune responses play central *** this study,we investigated whether these characteristics were universal for CD independently of T1D *** this purpose,we studied 36 children with normal small-bowel mucosa and 26 children with active CD,including 12 patients with *** samples from the small-bowel mucosa,we detected the lowest expression of tight junction protein 1(TJP1)mRNA in CD patients with T1D,indicating an increase in intestinal ***,these samples displayed the highest expression of forkhead box P3(FoxP3)mRNA,a marker for regulatory T cells,as compared with other patient *** the same time,serum levels of IgA antibodies specific for the CD-related antigens deamidated gliadin and tissue transglutaminase(tTG)were the highest in CD patients with *** contrast,no significant differences were found in IgA or IgG antibodies specific for bovine beta-lactoglobulin or Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSM 20083-derived *** were also no differences in the transamidating activity of serum autoantibodies between patients and control *** results show that patients with T1D and newly detected CD exhibit severely altered intestinal permeability,strong local immune activation and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms in the small *** study is required to determine whether these extreme changes in this CD subgroup are due to some specific environmental factors(virus infections),unknown genetic effects or autoimmune reactions to antigenic targets in intracellular tight junctions.

关键词： autoimmunity celiac disease immunoregulation intestinal mucosa type 1 diabetes

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Assessing phenological change in China from 1982 to 2006 using AVHRR imagery

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第3期6卷 227-236页

作者： Haiyan WEI Philip heilman Jiaguo QI Mark A.NEARING Zhihui GU Yongguang ZHANG USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center AZ 85719USA Michigan State University MI 48824-1117USA Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875China

Long-term trends in vegetation phenology indicate ecosystem change due to the combined impacts of human activities and climate. In this study we used 1982 to 2006 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （AVHRR NDVI） imagery across China and the TIMESAT program to quantify annual vegetation production and its changing trend. Results showed great spatial variability in vegetation growth and its temporal trend across the country during the 25-year study period. Significant decreases in vegetation production were detected in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, and in industrializing regions in southern China, including the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and areas along the Yangtze River. Significant increases in vegetation production were found in Xinjiang, Central China, and North-east China. Validation of the NDVI trends and vegetated area changes were conducted using Landsat imagery and the results were consistent with the analysis from AVHRR data. We also found that although the causes of the vegetation change vary locally, the spatial pattern of the vegetation change and the areas of greatest impact from national policies launched in the 1970s, such as the opening of economic zones and the ＇Three-North Shelter Forest Programme＇, are similar, which indicates an impact of national policies on ecosystem change and that such impacts can be detected using the method described in this paper.

关键词： AVHRR China remote sensing climate change policy desertification temporal trend phenology

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Rangeland hillslope lengths:A case study at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed,southeastern Arizona

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 597-609页

作者： Li Li Mark A.Nearing Philip heilman Mary H.Nichols D.P.Guertin C.J.Williams School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85705USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZ85719USA

Rangeland hillslopes provide much of the sediment supplied to channel systems and their lengths exert a fundamental constraint on hillslope diffusive ***,information regarding lengths of rangeland hillslopes,and how best to estimate them,is *** this study,three groups of watersheds(10 in total)were selected from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed according to their geology,soil and vegetation *** 1 watersheds were at lower elevations dominated by shrubs,Group 3 were at high elevations dominated by grass,and Group 2 were mixed shrub and *** hillslope lengths were calculated from 1 m-resolution DEMs using three methods:a flow routing algorithm,slope-area relationships,and inverted relationship with drainage *** that characterize the current watersheds,including Hack's exponent and coefficient,watershed shape coefficient,channel concavity and steepness,and surface roughness,were quantified and related to hillslope *** shows:(1)estimated hillslope lengths were different for the three methods and between the three groups of watersheds;(2)hillslope lengths that measured from the flow routing algorithm for the ten selected watersheds primarily ranged from 30 to 100 m,with a median value of 63.0 m,which was 20%e50%greater than those derived from slope-area plots or drainage densities;(3)hillslope lengths estimated from the flow routing method were greater in Group 3 watersheds than in Group 2 and then in Group 1 *** attributed these differences in hillslope lengths to the historic epeirogenic pulses,watershed and drainage network morphology,and differences in vegetation characteristics;(4)measured hillslope lengths from the flow routing algorithm were best correlated with hillslope relief,then surface roughness,channel steepness and *** results would benefit the applications of hydrological and erosion models in rangelands.

关键词： Rangeland hillslope Slope length Drainage density Slope-area relationship Hillslope hydrology

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UAV and Satellite-Based Sensing to Map Ecological States at the Landscape Scale

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第8期13卷 560-596页

作者： Guillermo E. Ponce-Campos Mitchel McClaran Philip heilman Jeffrey K. Gillan School of Natural Resources & Environment University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA Agricultural Research Service Tucson Arizona USA Bio5 Institute Tucson Arizona USA

Mapping ecological states in semi-arid rangelands is crucial for effective land management and conservation efforts because it identifies difference in the ecological conditions across a landscape. This study presents an innovative approach for mapping two ecological states, Large Shrub Grass (LSG) and Large Shrub Eroded (LSE), within the Sandy Loam Upland and Deep (SLUD) ecological sites using a combination of drone and satellite data. The methodology leverages the Largest Patch Index (LPI) as a proxy metric to estimate eroded areas and classify ecological states. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data with satellite-based remote sensing provides a scalable approach that can benefit various stakeholders involved in rangeland management. The study demonstrates the potential of this methodology by generating spatial layers at the landscape scale to inform on the state of rangeland ecosystems. The workflow showcases the power of remote sensing technology to map ecological states and addresses limitations in spatial coverage by integrating UAV and satellite data. By utilizing the bare ground LPI metric, which indicates the connectedness of bare ground, the methodology enables the classification of ecological states at a regional scale. This cost-effective approach potentially offers a standardized and reproducible method applicable across different sites and regions. The accuracy of the classification process is evaluated by comparing the results to ground-based polygons, dirt roads, and water locations. While the model performs well in identifying eroded areas, misclassifications occur in regions with mixed vegetation cover or low biomass. Future research should focus on incorporating temporal information from historical remote sensing archives to improve understanding of ecological state dynamics. Additionally, validation efforts can be enhanced by incorporating more ground-truth data and testing the methodology in diverse rangeland areas. The workflow

关键词： Ecological Sites Ecological States Rangeland Largest Patch Index UAV Remote Sensing

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Evaluation of Multiple Herbicides for Control of Sponge Plant (Limnobium laevigatum)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第6期6卷 56-64页

作者： Ben E. Willis Mark A. heilman West M. Bishop Scott W. Shuler SePRO Research and Technology Campus SePRO Corporation Whitakers USA

Sponge plant is an emerging threat that has spread throughout California including the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is an important water resource for agriculture as well as critical habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. More data are needed on effective control methods for this spreading invader, as current management practices are not preventing proliferation. The overall objectives of this research were to evaluate imazamox, penoxsulam, topramezone, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and carfentrazone-ethyl for control of sponge plant using three testing scales, as well as compare image analysis software to traditional biomass response for measuring herbicide performance. Overall, 280 g imazamox ha−1 (with one-percent methylated seed oil surfactant) was found as a potent solution for all different growth stages of sponge plant, and 70 g penoxsulam ha−1 as an alternative for control of sponge plant in the seedling and rosette growth stage. The image analysis software yielded similar measurement of herbicide effects as traditional biomass measure. Mesocosm testing indicated imazamox treatment sites should be inspected at four week intervals to identify plants missed by prior applications. This research provides water resource managers critical information for identification of an aquatic invasive species, and selecting an effective rapid management program.

关键词： Imazamox Clearcast Penoxsulam Galleon Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Canopeo

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Evaluation of Combined Landscape Restoration Practices on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Semiarid Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第10期12卷 503-522页

作者： Stéphanie Batchakoué Maïga-Yaleu Abdul-Charif Cissé Sibiry Albert Kaboré Damien Hauswirth Oumarou Malam Issa Maguette kaire Ibrahim Bouzou Moussa Hassan Bismarck Nacro Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Materials (LCMM) Joseph KI-ZERBO University (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Study and Research on Soil Fertility (LERF) Rural Development Institute (IDR) Nazi BONI University (UNB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso University Center of Tenkodogo Thomas SANKARA University (UTS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso ECO Consult GmbH & Co. KG (Niger) Oberaula Germany IRD UMR Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (IEES-Paris) SU/IRD/CNRS/INRAE/UPEC Centre IRD de France Nord Bondy Cedex France AGRHYMET Regional Center Permanent Interstates Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) Niamey Niger Abdou Moumouni University Department of geography Niamey Niger

Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) practices have been reported to improve soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) and contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of combined FLR practices, mainly developed in semiarid regions, on SOCs. The SOCs, soil texture, bulk density (ρ), pH, CO2 emissions, and herbaceous biomass were determined at a 0 - 30 cm depth. The experimental design comprised degraded land without FLR practices and three sets of combined FLR practices. These practices included “zaï” + stone bunds + organic manure + assisted natural regeneration (ANR) used to convert degraded land into forest (GF) and cropland (PARL);“zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR used to convert degraded land into cropland (OARL) and “zaï”+ stone bunds + organic manure used to convert degraded land into cropland (KARL). SOCs were highest (20.02 t C ha−1) under OARL compared with the other combinations of FLR practices. SOCs increased by 99% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1), 58% (+0.3 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) and 13% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under GF, OARL and KARL, respectively, and decreased by 15% (−0.1 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under PARL. This study provides additional information explaining SOC variation in restored degraded land through the implementation of a combination of FLR practices. This is useful for recommending the combination “zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR to improve SOCs in the semiarid agroecosystem.

关键词： Soil Organic Carbon Improved Management Soil Restoration Management Practices Semiarid Area

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ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS OF A CONTINENTAL SEDIMENT-MONITORING PROGRAM

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1998年第4期 16-28页

作者： W. R. OSTERKAMP 1, P. heilman 2, and L. J. LANE 3

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅａｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｓｏｉｌａｎｄｒｏｃｋｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓａｎｄｉｔｓｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｔｏ，ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ，ａｎｄｆｒｏｍｓｔｒｅａｍｓｉｓｔ... 详细信息

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅａｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｓｏｉｌａｎｄｒｏｃｋｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓａｎｄｉｔｓｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｔｏ，ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ，ａｎｄｆｒｏｍｓｔｒｅａｍｓｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐｅｒｖａｓｉｖｅａｎ...

关键词： Nonpoint source pollution Economics Sediment monitoring Sediment damages

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花旗松实生苗的根系在紧实土壤中的穿透作用

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林业调查规划 1984年第2期 49-53页

作者： PAUL heilman 汪家育

这个试验是用来检验在一种砂壤土和二种壤土中,土壤紧密度对根系增长的关系,试验用原状土周围的紧实土进行了对照,原状土的容量范围为1.3—1.77g/cm3,在播种后35—45天的实生苗根系（?）穿透作用变化很大,通常随着容重的增加（r2对每一... 详细信息

这个试验是用来检验在一种砂壤土和二种壤土中,土壤紧密度对根系增长的关系,试验用原状土周围的紧实土进行了对照,原状土的容量范围为1.3—1.77g/cm3,在播种后35—45天的实生苗根系（?）穿透作用变化很大,通常随着容重的增加（r2对每一种土壤的变化为0.60—0.71）普遍地出现直线性倾斜。利用回归方程,限止最多量实生苗根系穿透的容重,测定其数值变化为1.74—1.83g/cm3。这个数值较高于花旗松 Douglas-fir 的以往记录,然而这个记录与其他在壤土中的苗木概括比较,与防止根系增长的孔隙度变化27%—30%是相互一致的。当高容重限制了生长下降时,极多量根系在不紧实的土壤地表横向生长,其总长度比在最低容重土壤中坚直生长的根系要多。这次试验中,容重对于实生苗的最高度生长没有显著影响。本文研究了根系的阻抗力与紧密度作用的关系以及实生苗根系穿透作用的多变性。

关键词：紧密度根系生长实生苗花旗松孟席斯黄杉黄杉属壤土亚粘土穿透作用容重初生根

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神经疾病症状和体征鉴别诊断手册

神经疾病症状和体征鉴别诊断手册

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作者： K.M.·埃尔曼(K.M. heilman)

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