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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第46期27卷 7925-7942页

作者： k.ushik.Roy Sidra Agarwal Rajib Banerjee Manash k.Paul Prabhat k.Purbey Microbiology and Immunology Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112United States Department of Gastroenterology Shadan Institute of Medical SciencesPeeramcheru 500086TelanganaIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr.B.C.Roy Engineering CollegeDurgapur 713206West BengalIndia Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States

The disease coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a severe respiratory illness that has emerged as a devastating health problem *** disease outcome is heterogeneous,and severity is lik.ly dependent on the immunity of infected individuals and *** symptoms of the disease are primarily associated with respiratory problems,additional infection or failure of other vital organs are being *** reports suggest a quite common co-existence of gastrointestinal(GI)tract symptoms in addition to respiratory symptoms in many COVID-19 patients,and some patients show just the GI *** possible cause of the GI symptoms could be due to direct infection of the epithelial cells of the gut,which is supported by the fact that(1)The intestinal epithelium expresses a high level of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 protein that are required for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry into the cells;(2)About half of the severe COVID-19 patients show viral RNA in their feces and various parts of the GI tract;and(3)SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect gut epithelial cells in vitro(gut epithelial cells and organoids)and in vivo(rhesus monk.y).The GI tract seems to be a site of active innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 as clinically,stool samples of COVID-19 patients possess proinflammatory cytok.nes(interleuk.n 8),calprotectin(neutrophils activity),and immunoglobulin A *** addition to direct immune activation by the virus,impairment of GI epithelium integrity can evok. immune response under the influence of systemic cytok.nes,hypoxia,and changes in gut microbiota(dysbiosis)due to infection of the respiratory system,which is confirmed by the observation that not all of the GI symptomatic patients are viral RNA *** review comprehensively summarizes the possible GI immunomodulation by SARS-CoV-2 that could lead to GI symptoms,their association with disease sev

关键词： COVID-19 Gastrointestinal symptoms Pathogenesis Innate immune response Adaptive immune response Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Therapeutics Probiotic Pre-existing diseases

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Economic Analysis of a Large UASB Reactor Producing Biogas from Baggase Wash Water

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2014年第1期4卷 68-74页

作者： V. k. Jain Surinder S. Sambi Surendra k.mar Shashi Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India New Delhi India School of Chemical Technology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Dwarka India

This paper concerns with the treatment of bagasse wash water, which is generated after washing the stored bagasse before its use in the paper manufacture. The bagasse wash water, treated earlier in open lagoons, is now treated by the anaerobic process using UASB reactor. This study, based upon an operating unit, shows that the UASB reactor reduces COD of wash water by 85% - 90%, and results in significant emission reductions. Economic analysis carried out by using financial indicators such as DSCR, Payback.period and IRR reveals very attractive rate of returns and thus, greatly reduces the risk. in financing such projects by the financial institutions.

关键词： UASB Reactor Bagasse Wash Water Biogas Economic Analysis

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Laparoscopic surgery for benign and malign diseases of the digestive system:Indications,limitations,and evidence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 4883-4891页

作者： Mark.s Alexander k.per Friederik. Eisner Alfred k.nigsrainer J?rg Glatzle Department for General and Visceral Surgery Bundeswehr Hospital BerlinD-10115 BerlinGermany Department for General Visceral and Transplant SurgeryUniversity Hospital Tübingen72076 TübingenGermany

The laparoscopic technique was introduced in gastrointestinal surgery in the mid 1980s. Since then, the development of this technique has been extraordinary. Triggered by technical innovations (stapling devices or coagulation/dissecting devices), nowadays any type of gastrointestinal resection has been successfully performed laparoscopically and can be performed laparoscopically dependent on the patient’s condition. This summary gives an overview over 30 years of laparoscopic surgery with focus on today’s indications and evidence. Main indications remain the more common procedures, e.g., appendectomy, cholecystectomy, bariatric procedures or colorectal resections. For all these indications, the laparoscopic approach has become the gold standard with less perioperative morbidity. Regarding oncological outcome there have been several high-quality randomized controlled trials which demonstrated equivalency between laparoscopic and open colorectal resections. Less common procedures lik. esophagectomy, oncological gastrectomy, liver and pancreatic resections can be performed successfully as well by an experienced surgeon. However, the evidence for these special indications is poor and a general recommendation cannot be given. In conclusion, laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the field of gastrointestinal surgery by reducing perioperative morbidity without disregarding surgical principles especially in oncological surgery.

关键词： Laparoscopy Gastrointestinal surgery Esophagus Stomach Cholecystectomy Colorectal surgery Liver resection Pancreas resection Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal

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Nimotuzumab in Management of Brain Stem Glioma: A Case Report

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第2期8卷 216-224页

作者： k. S. k.rushna k.mar P. Ananda Selvak.mar k.ishna k.mar Rathinam Meenak.hi Hospital and Research Centre Madurai India

Brainstem glioma is rare tumour in adults accounting for 1% - 2% of intracranial gliomas. In this case study, a 28-year-old female diagnosed with BG, and lesions were observed in the pons and medulla region of the brain stem. She was initially treated with radiotherapy (54 Gy in 30 fractions for 6 week.) but no change in her clinical condition and size of tumor was observed. Temozolomide (250 mg/daily for 5 days) was prescribed as first line chemotherapy. After completion of three cycles of Temozolomide, patient presented with diplopia and MRI showed increase in the size of lesions. After unsatisfactory response to radiation and chemotherapy, the patient was treated with Nimotuzumab therapy. MRI scan demonstrated the reduction of lesion size after 8 cycles of Nimotuzumab (200 mg/week.. This treatment continued for another 8 cycles and the MRI scan of patients showed a significant reduction in lesion size. Nimotuzumab was found to be an effective and safe treatment option for brainstem glioma patient who was resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

关键词： Brainstem Glioma Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Nimotuzumab

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Studies on Properties of Bio-Composites from Ecoflex/Ramie Fabric-Mechanical and Barrier Properties

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2012年第3期3卷 396-404页

作者： k. A. Ajith k.mar M. S. Sreek.la S. Arun Fatima Mata National College Kollam - 691001 Kerala India Post Graduate Department of Chemistry Sree Sankara College Kalady India Post Graduate Department of Chemistry Sree Sankara College Kalady India

Nowadays, utilization of biodegradable materials has become necessary in order to maintain global environmental and ecological balance. ‘Green’ composites offered the possible solution to waste disposal problems associated with traditional petroleum derived plastics. The use of plastics based on removable resources is enormous now a day for the development of true bio-composites. Fully biodegradable ‘Green’ textile composites have been prepared from Ecoflex and ramie fabric. Textile composites were fabricated from the Ecoflex polymer and the ramie fabric by hot compression molding technique. Interactions at the fiber–matrix interface and the compatibility between ramie fabric and Ecoflex polymer will affect the properties of the system. The mechanical property and barrier property of the composites were investigated. Static mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break.of the textile bio-composites were analyzed. Sorption characteristics of water, oil and diesel in the textile composites were analyzed in order to determine its outdoor applications and the influence of macro fibers on the transport phenomena was investigated. The k.netics of sorption-diffusion process were investigated. k.netic parameters such as n, k. diffusion coefficient, permeability, solubility parameter, % swelling index, etc., were analyzed. The water sorption mechanism in the textile composites was found to exhibit slight deviation from Fick.an mode.

关键词： Biodegradable Composites Mechanical Properties Water Sorption Oil Sorption Diesel Sorption

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Nanocellulose Applications in Wood Adhesives—Review

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2019年第4期9卷 63-75页

作者： S. k. Vineeth Ravindra V. Gadhave Pradeep T. Gadek.r Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

Bio-based materials open a new world of possibilities in every field due to its independence from the petrochemical origin. Moreover, concerns on environmental footprints and toxicity of synthetic adhesives made scientists investigate the utilization of biomaterials for wood adhesives. In this perspective, nanocellulose as a sustainable and cheap bio-nanomaterial provides a better alternative to conventional adhesive based on formaldehyde-containing condensation resins. Property of nanocellulose to act as both binders and as structural reinforcement in various adhesive systems adds to its potential. Besides by reducing the harmful emission of formaldehyde, it also can improve the mechanical properties and enhance performance of adhesives. This review paper aims to point out the potential application of nanocellulose based wood adhesives compared to petroleum-based conventional systems beyond renewability. New functionalities through structural modification in nanocellulose could bring a replacement with the synthetic adhesive systems which will play a significant role in future bio-economy.

关键词： Nanocellulose Reinforcement Binding Polyvinyl Acetate Wood Adhesive

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Mobile augmented reality visualization and collaboration techniques for on-site finite element structural analysis

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2018年第3期9卷 2-21页

作者： W.k.Li A.Y.C.Nee S.k.Ong NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456Singapore Mechanical Engineering Department National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576Singapore∗mpeneeyc@nus.edu.sg

In this paper,a mobile augmented reality(AR)framework.for on-site finite element analysis(FEA)is *** proposed framework.is achieved using a client–server *** performance of FEA relies on several important components,namely,computational power,visualization technique,and numerical *** renders intuitive computer-generated contents directly on a user’s *** FEA with AR helps users through enhancing their perception and interaction with the engineering *** and effective visualization of these data using an AR platform can reduce the misinterpretation in spatial and logical *** the past decade,AR has undergone a transition from desk.op to phablet *** platforms enable user exploration of FEA results in *** client side uses a hybrid method to visualize FEA results in the mobile AR *** addition,a user can collaborate with other users by using the result sharing function.A prototype with basic functions has been built and a case study has been implemented to demonstrate the visualization method and evaluate the overall performance.

关键词： Augmented reality scientific visualization on-site finite element analysis client-server.

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Effect of recombinant and native buffalo OVGP1 on sperm functions and in vitro embryo development: a comparative study

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 99-110页

作者： Suman Choudhary A.k.maresan Manish k.mar Shivani Chhillar Hrudananda Malik.Sudarshan k.mar Jai k.k.ushik.Tirtha k.Datta Ashok.k.Mohanty Animal Biotechnology Centre National Dairy Research Institute Livestock.and Production Management Section National Dairy Research Institute

Back.round： An oviduct-specific glycoprotein, OVGP1, is synthesized and secreted by non-ciliated epithelial cells of the mammalian oviduct which provides an essential milieu for reproductive functions. The present study reports the effects of recombinant buffalo OVGP1 that lack. post-translational modifications, and native Buffalo OVGP1 isolated from oviductal tissue, on frozen-thawed sperm functions and in vitro embryo ***： The proportion of viable sperms was greater（P 〈 0.05） in the recombinant OVGP1-treated group compared to the native OVGP1-treated group at 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h of incubation. The proportion of motile sperms at3 h and 4 h of incubation; and membrane-intact sperms at 4 h was greater（P 〈 0.05） in the native OVGP1-treated group compared to the control and recombinant OVGP1-treated groups. The proportion of capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperms was greater（P 〈 0.05） in the native OVGP1-treated group compared to the recombinant OVGP1 group at 4 h. The rates of cleavage of embryos and their development to the blastocyst stage were greater（P 〈 0.05） in the presence of either native or recombinant OVGP1 in comparison to control at 10 μg/mL concentration as compared to 5 or 20 μg/***： The study suggests that both native and recombinant OVGP1 impart a positive effect on various sperm features and in vitro embryo development. However, native OVGP1 was found to have a more pronounced effect in comparison to recombinant non-glycosylated OVGP1 on various sperm functions except viability. Hence,our current findings infer that glycosylation of OVGP1 might be essential in sustaining the sperm functions but not the in vitro embryo development.

关键词： Blastocyst Capacitation Fertilization Glycoprotein In vitro fertilization Oestrus Semen Sperm

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A Deep Learning Modeling Framework.to Capture Mixing Patterns in Reactive-Transport Systems

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第1期31卷 188-223页

作者： N.V.Jagtap M.k.Mudunuru k.B.Nak.hatrala Department of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonTexas 77204USA Atmospheric Sciences&Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington 99352USA Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTexas 77204USA

Prediction and control of chemical mixing are vital for many scientific areas such as subsurface reactive transport, climate modeling, combustion, epidemiology, and pharmacology. Due to the complex nature of mixing in heterogeneous andanisotropic media, the mathematical models related to this phenomenon are not analytically tractable. Numerical simulations often provide a viable route to predict chemical mixing accurately. However, contemporary modeling approaches for mixing cannot utilize available spatial-temporal data to improve the accuracy of the future prediction and can be compute-intensive, especially when the spatial domain is large andfor long-term temporal predictions. To address this k.owledge gap, we will present inthis paper a deep learning (DL) modeling framework.applied to predict the progress ofchemical mixing under fast bimolecular reactions. This framework.uses convolutionalneural network. (CNN) for capturing spatial patterns and long short-term memory(LSTM) network. for forecasting temporal variations in mixing. By careful design ofthe framework.placement of non-negative constraint on the weights of the CNN andthe selection of activation function, the framework.ensures non-negativity of the chemical species at all spatial points and for all times. Our DL-based framework.is fast,accurate, and requires minimal data for training. The time needed to obtain a forecastusing the model is a fraction (≈ O(10−6)) of the time needed to obtain the result using a high-fidelity simulation. To achieve an error of 10% (measured using the infinitynorm) for capturing local-scale mixing features such as interfacial mixing, only 24%to 32% of the sequence data for model training is required. To achieve the same levelof accuracy for capturing global-scale mixing features, the sequence data required formodel training is 64% to 70% of the total spatial-temporal data. Hence, the proposedapproach—a fast and accurate way to forecast long-time spatial-temporal mixin

关键词： Deep learning reactive-transport non-negative solutions spatial-temporal forecasting pattern recognition convolutional neural network.(CNN) long short-term memory(LSTM) network.

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Drug Resistance Pattern in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and Risk.Factors Associated with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2017年第2期5卷 106-117页

作者： S. Maharjan A. Singh D. k. k.adk. M. Aryal Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal National Tuberculosis Center Thimi Nepal

Introduction: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) control programme, particularly multi-drug resistance TB (MDR-TB) in Nepal. Drug resistance is difficult to treat due to its associated cost and side effects. The objective of this study was to assess the drug resistance pattern and assess risk.factor associated with MDR-TB among pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending National Tuberculosis Center. Methodology: The comparative cross sectional study was conducted at National Tuberculosis Center during August 2015 to February 2015. Early morning sputum samples were collected from pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining and fluorochrome staining and culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Drug Susceptibility test was performed on culture positive isolates by using proportion method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was computed to assess the risk.factors of MDR-TB. Results: Out of 223 sputum samples, 105 were fluorochrome staining positive, 85 were ZN staining positive and 102 were culture positive. Out of 102 culture positive isolates, 37.2% were resistance to any four anti-TB drugs. 11 (28.9%) were initial drug resistance and 28 (43.7%) were acquired drug resistance. The overall prevalence of MDR-TB was 11.7%, of which 2 (5.3%) were initial MDR-TB and 10 (15.6%) were acquired MDR-TB. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed female were significantly associated (P = 0.05) with MDR-TB. Conclusion: Drug resistance TB particularly MDR-TB is high. The most common resistance pattern observed in this study was resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin. Female were found to be associated with MDR-TB. Thus, early diagnosis of TB and provision of culture and DST are crucial in order to combat the threat of DR-TB.

关键词： Tuberculosis Pulmonary Tuberculosis Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance MDR-TB

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