检索结果-南通市图书馆

The key Factor of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) in the History of the Contribution of Mining Industry to the Prosperity of the United States and South Africa: A Review

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Natural Resources 2016年第7期7卷 445-460页

作者： Shinji Matsumoto Hideki shimada Takashi Sasaoka Department of Earth Resources Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Mining industry has significantly contributed to the prosperity of the nation with economic growth, whereas mining operation has caused Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) with the abandonment of mines. As some researchers suggest, the history of AMD is, generally, affected by the change in not only mining industry but also in social and economic conditions. Thus, historical analysis is an effective way to find the key factors of AMD. In this study, in order to find the key factors of AMD, we examine the history of the United States (U.S.) and South Africa, where their economy had been developed owing to the large-scale mining, based on the findings in the previous studies. The results indicated that the abandoned mines due to the economic depression triggered AMD in the U.S. and South Africa. While the U.S. had progressively adopted anti-AMD methods in terms of prevention, prediction, and remediation (PPR) as a comprehensive approach, especially since the 1970s onwards because of the rise of environmental consciousness as well as strict regulations, South Africa is at the early stage of implementing the regulations following PPR. The public attention should be directed to environmental conservation in addition to the implementation of the regulations in South Africa. The improvement in socio-economic conditions is, additionally, necessary for the rise of environmental consciousness in South Africa in the light of the three pillars of sustainable development: social, economic, and environmental elements.

关键词： Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Mining Industry South Africa The United States Historical Analysis Socio-Economic Conditions

Pummerer-type Functionalization of Aryl and Alkenyl Selenoxides

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

复旦学报(自然科学版) 2005年第5期44卷 881-882页

作者： k.zuak. shimada Yutaka kikuta ken-ichi Satake Takahiro Suzuki Yukiko Inoue Shigenobu Aoyagi Yuji Takikawa Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringIwate University MoriokaIwate 020-8551Japan

1 Introduction Heteroatom-stabilized carbenium ions have been widely recognized as potential electrophilic ***,in contrast with the extensive works on thionium ion series,the highly labile character of selenoxide functionalities has caused serious limitation in the synthetic use in spite of their wide potentiality as synthetic equivalents of electrophilic selonium *** this paper,novel generation of selonium ions and the synthetic uses of the species for Pummerer-typeα-functionalization and for cycloaddition by using the novel dienophilic behavior ofπ-conjugated selonium cations.

关键词： selenoxide alkenyl selenoxide Pummerer reaction a-allylation a-azidation Diels-Alder reaction seloniumion

Hydrogen and methane gases are frequently detected in the stomach

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3088-3091页

作者： Yoshihisa Urita Susumu Ishihara Tatsuo Akimoto Hiroto kato Noriko Hara Yoshiko Honda Yoko Nagai kazushige Nakanishi Nagato shimada Motonobu Sugimoto kazumasa Miki Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care Toho University School of Medicine Omori HospitalTokyoJapan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Toho University School of MedicineOmori HospitalTokyoJapan

AIM： To investigate the incidence of bacterial overgrowth in the stomach by using a new endoscopic method in which intragastric hydrogen and methane gases are collected and analyzed. METHODS： Studies were performed in 490 consecutive patients undergoing esophagogastroscopy, At endoscopy, we intubated the stomach without inflation by air, and 20 mL of intragastric gas was collected through the biopsy channel using a 30 mL syringe, Intragastric hydrogen and methane concentrations were immediately measured by gaschromatography, H pylori infection was also determined by serology. RESULTS： Most of intragastric hydrogen and methane levels were less than 15 ppm （parts per million）. The median hydrogen and methane values （interquartile range） were 3 （1-8） ppm and 2 （1-5） ppm, respectively. The high hydrogen and methane levels for indication of fermentation were decided if the patient had the values more than 90 percentile range in each sample. When a patient had a high level of hydrogen or methane in one or more samples, the patient was considered to have fermentation. The overall incidence of intragastric fermentation was 15.4% （73/473）, Intragastric methane levels were higher in the postoperative group than in other groups. None of the mean hydrogen or methane values was related to Hpylori infection. CONCLUSION： Hydrogen and methane gases are more frequently detected in the stomach than expected, regardless of the presence of abdominal symptoms. Previous gastric surgery influences on the growth of methaneproducing bacteria in the fasting stomach.

关键词： Intragastric gases Hydrogen Methane Helicobacter pylori

Seventy-five gram glucose tolerance test to assess carbohydrate malabsorption and small bowel bacterial overgrowth

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3092-3095页

AIM： To investigate non-invasively the incidence of absorption of carbohydrates in diabetic patients during an oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and to determine whether malabsorption may be associated with insulin secretion and insulin resistance. METHODS： A standard 75-g OGTT was performed in 82 diabetic patients. The patients received 75 g of anhydrous glucose in 225 mL of water after an overnight fasting and breath samples were collected at baseline and up to 120 rain after ingestion. Breath hydrogen and methane concentrations were measured. Blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured before ingestion and at 30, 60, 90, 120 rain post-ingestion. RESULTS： When carbohydrate malabsorption was defined as subjects with an increase of at least 10 ppm （parts per million） in hydrogen or methane excretion within a 2-h period, 28 （34%） had carbohydrate malabsorption. According to the result of increased breath test, 21 （75%） patients were classified as small bowel bacterial overgrowth and 7 （25%） as glucose malabsorption. Patients with carbohydrate malabsorption were older and had poor glycemic control as compared with those without carbohydrate malabsorption. The HOMA value, the sum of serum insulin during the test and the AinsulinlAglucose ratio were greater in patients with carbohydrate malabsorption. CONCLUSION： Insulin resistance may be overestimated by using these markers if the patient has carbohydrate malabsorption, or that carbohydrate malabsorption may be present prior to the development of insulin resistance. Hence carbohydrate malabsorption should be taken into account for estimating insulin resistance and β-cell function.

关键词： 75-g OGTT Carbohydrate malabsorption Bacterial overgrowth Breath test Insulin resistance

Amelioration of Albuminuria in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients by Maximal Dose of Candesartan

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2013年第5期3卷 252-258页

作者： Yoichi Oikawa Akira shimada Mizumi kyo Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital Tokyo Japan

Introduction: It was recently reported that candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, had a protective effect against cardiovascular events, comparable to that of calcium channel antagonists. Moreover, a renoprotective effect and anti-diabetic action of candesartan had also been demonstrated. However, whether the renoprotective effect of candesartan, especially in diabetes, was dose-dependent or not remain to be fully elucidated. The present study attempted to clarify the dose effect of renoprotection by candesartan in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Subjects and Method: In this case series study, we recruited 26 type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria whose blood pressure did not reach the target BP level (<130/80 mmHg) despite administration of 4 or 8 mg/day of candesartan. Subsequently, these lower doses of candesartan were increased to the maximal dose in Japan, 12 mg/day. Clinical parameters were examined before, at 6 and 12 months after the increase in dose. Results: An ameliorating effect of the increased dose of candesartan on albuminuria and hypertension was distinctly observed. No severe adverse effect was observed. Conclusion: It was highly possible that the maximal dose of candesartan provided more effective renoprotection in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients initially treated with lower doses of candesartan.

关键词： Albuminuria Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Candesartan Hypertension Type 2 Diabetes

Numerical Study of the Mixing of Density-Stratified Fluid with a Jet

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2014年第10期4卷 789-798页

作者： Shogo Shakouchi Seiji shimada Tomomi Uchiyama Graduate School of Information Science Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Chubu Electric Power Co. Inc. Nagoya 461-8680 Japan kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. Hyogo 650-8680 Japan EcoTopia Science Institute Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan

Density stratification of LNG （liquefied natural gas） is produced in a storage tank when one LNG is loaded on top of another LNG in the same tank. Mixing LNG by a jet issued from a nozzle on the tank wall is considered to a promising technique to prevent and eliminate stratification in LNG storage tanks. This study is concerned with the numerical simulation of a jet flow issued into a two-layer density-stratified fluid in a tank and the resultant mixing phenomena. The jet behavior was investigated with the laboratory-based experiment of the authors＇ previous study. A numerical method proposed by the authors is employed for the simulation. The upper and lower fluids are water and a NaCl-water solution, respectively, and the lower fluid is issued vertically upward from a nozzle on the bottom of the tank. The Reynolds number （Re） defined by the jet velocity and the nozzle diameter ranges from 95 to 2,378, and the mass concentration of the NaCl-water solution Co is set at 0.02 and 0.04. The simulation highlights the jet-induced mixing between the upper and lower fluids. It also clarifies the effects of Re and C0 on the height and horizontal spread of the jet.

关键词： Mixing density-stratified fluid jet CFD (computational fluid dynamics) internal density current.

Utilization of Coal Ash as a Barrier Material for Radioactive Waste Disposal

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第4期3卷 31-43页

作者： Takashi Sasaoka Wahyudi Sugeng Hideki shimada Department of Earth Resources Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

About 10% of total electricity (386 MkW) was generated by nuclear power plants in the world (2014) and about 58,400 tons of uranium has been mined in uranium mines annually. A plenty of radioactive waste material is produced from uranium mines and nuclear power plants. The wastes must be disposed or stored safely for a long term. Because if they leak and/or move from disposal or storage sites due to air/groundwater flow, then a serious environmental pollution can occur. Hence, multi-layer system has been proposed and employed in order to seal off these radioactive waste materials from biosphere. Basically, bentonite is now used for establishing one of absorbing and sealing layers in this system. However, the amount of high quality bentonite is very limited and in some cases it is hard to be obtained. On the other hand, a great deal of refuse from coal burning plants is produced every year and the amount of it is expected to be higher each year especially in developing countries. More than half of coal ash is utilized and the remaining is disposed at the disposal sites. However, the life of the disposal site is limited and it is difficult to find a new disposal site. It is requested that the percentage of the utilization of the coal ash be increased in every field. From the above two points of view, a fly ash-based barrier system is considered in this research and this paper discusses the applicability of fly ash as a content of barrier material. Based on the results of a series of laboratory tests, it can be concluded that fly ash has a potential for use in the buffer material as the bentonite is substituted.

关键词： Utilization of Coal Ash Radioactive Waste Disposal Bentonite Laboratory Tests

Design of Network Architecture Using Mobile Gateways for DLNA Devices in Wide Area Networks

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Communications and Network 2012年第4期4卷 322-331页

作者： Hiroaki Goto Hideki shimada kenya Sato Department of Information Systems Design Doshisha University Kyoto Japan

The prevalence of information appliances supporting DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) such as televisions, recorders, and mobile phones has made it possible to share digital contents (e.g. videos, music and pictures) among appliances connected to a local network. However, DLNA does not let you share contents over different networks via the Internet. In this paper, we propose a network architecture where we adopt our SOAP method to mobile devices and use them as mobile gateways to consume digital contents from remote networks. We also confirm its practicality with a prototype.

关键词： Network Architecture DLNA Mobile Network Home Appliances

Immunomodulation effects of heat-treated Enterococcus faecalis Fk-23(Fk-23) in mice

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Nanjing Medical University 2009年第3期23卷 173-176页

作者： Takashi shimada Yunqing Cai Lei Cheng Chie Motonaga kazutake Fukada Yoshihisa kitamura Jieshu Wu China-Japan Collaborating Centre for Probiotics Research Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 China Central Research Laboratories Nichinichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Mie 518-1417 Japan

Objective：The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Enterococcusfaecalis Fk-23（Fk-23） on the immune function in mice. Methods：Mice were treated with three doses of the Fk-23（0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 g/kg body weight） for 30 days. Delayed type hypersensitivity （DTH）, monocyte phagocytic function, serum hemolysis antibody and natural killer cell activity were studied. Results： The significant increases in mice treated with 0.6 g/kg bw were found in DTH, phagocytic function of monocyte, serum hemolysis antibody and natural killer cell activity. Conclusion：The results from the present study suggest that Fk-23 could improve both specific and nonspecific immune function.

关键词： Fk-23 immunologic function probiotics