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Sapphirine granulites from Panasapattu,Eastern Ghats belt,India:Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in a Proterozoic convergent plate margin

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第1期3卷 9-31页

作者： C.v.Dharma rao M.Santosh Reia M.Chmielowski National Disaster Management Authority Government of India A-1 Safdarjung EnclaveNew DelhiIndia Department of Interdisciplinary Science Faculty of Science Kochi UniversityAkebono-choKochi 780-8520Japan Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Universita degli Studi di Milano Italy

We report equilibrium sapphirine ＋ quartz assemblage in biotite-orthopyroxene-garnet granulites from a new locality in Panasapattu of Paderu region in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, which provide new evidence for ultrahigh-temperature （UHT） metamorphism at 1030-1050 ℃ and 10 kbar in this region. The development of migmatitic texture, stabilization of the garnet-orthopyroxene- plagioclase-k-feldspar association, prograde biotite inclusions within garnet and sapphirine as well as sapphirine and cordierite inclusions within garnet in these granulites indicate that the observed peak assemblages probably formed during prograde dehydration melting of a Bt-Sill-Qtz assemblage, and constrain the prograde stage of the p--T path. The core domains of orthopyroxene porphyroblasts have up to w（Al203） 9.6%, which suggest that the temperatures reached up to 1150 ~C suggesting extreme crustal metamorphism. These conditions were also confirmed by the garnet-orthopyroxene thermobar- ometery, which yields a p--T range of 1012--960 ~C and 9.4 kbar. The p--T phase topologies computed using isochemical sections calculated in the model system Na20-CaO-k20--FeO-MgO-A1203-SiO2 --H2O （NCkFMASH） for metapelites, garnet-free sapphirine granulites and garnet-bearing sapphirine granulites match the melt-bearing assemblages observed in these rocks. Isochemical sections constructed in the NCkFMASH system for an average sub-aluminous metapelite bulk composition, and contoured for modal proportions of melt and garnet, as well as for the compositional isopleths of garnet, predict phase and reaction relations that are consistent with those observed in the rocks. Garnet and orthopyroxene contain Ti-rich phlogopite inclusions, suggesting formation by prograde melting reactions at the expense of phlogopite during ultrahigh-temperature conditions. These p--T results underestimate ＇peak＇ condi- tions, in part as a result of the modification of garnet compositions in the domains where some melt was retai

关键词： Panasapattu Eastern Ghats belt Melting Sapphirine + quartz Ultrahigh-temperaturemetamorphism Tectonics

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Effects of supplementation of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatá and Napier grass with Desmodium distortum on feed intake,digesta kinetics and milk production in crossbred dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 222-227页

作者： Mupenzi Mutimura Cyprian Ebong Idupulapati M.rao Ignatius v.Nsahlai Rwanda Agriculture Board Department of Animal Production Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa International Centre for Tropical Agriculture United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Polymer Research UnitNational Center for Agricultural Utilization Research University of kwa Zulu-Natal School of AgriculturalEarth and Environmental SciencesDepartment of Animal Science and Poultry SciencePietermaritzburg Campus

This study was planned to analyse the basis that make Brachiaria species with greater feeding value than Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum) for lactating dairy *** lactating crossbred cows were stallfed on Brachiaria brizantha *** or Napier grass *** Cameroon supplemented(mixed on fresh matter basis) or unsupplemented with Desmodium distortum, a forage *** cows were fed on fresh matter basis under small-holder farming *** showed that *** *** had higher contents of dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and organic matter(OM), but lower contents of neutral detergent fibre(NDF) and acid detergent fibre(ADF) than Napier grass(P kes of CP and metabolizable energy(ME; P k yield was lower on diets based on Napier grass than those based on *** ***(P ve tract was longer on Napier grass(83.1 h) than on *** ***(62.8 h)(P ke, hence resulting in higher milk yields than supplementation of Napier grass.

关键词： Brachiaria grass Tropical grasses Napier grass Nutrient intake Legume supplementation Retention time

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Biological activities and medicinal properties of Gokhru(Pedalium murex L.)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第7期2卷 581-585页

作者： v Rajashekar E Upender rao Srinivas P Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Vikas College of Pharmacy

Bada Gokhru(Pedalium murex L.) is perhaps the most useful traditional medicinal plant in *** part of the neem tree has some medicinal property and is thus commercially *** the last five decades,apart from the chemistrv ol the Pedalium murex *** progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal applications of litis *** is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial *** review gives a bird's eye view mainlv on the biological activities ol some of this compounds *** actions of the *** studies and plausible medicinal applications ol gokharu along with their safety evaluation.

关键词： Pedalium murex Pharmacological activities Anti-oxidant activities Antimicrobial activities suspending agent

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Biomechanics of knee joint-- A review

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第2期10卷 176-186页

作者： Bhaskar kumar MADETI Srinivasa rao CHALAMALASETTI S. k. Sundara siva rao BOLLA PRAGADA Department of Mechanical Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad Collegeof Engineering Visakhapatnam 530048 India Department of Mechanical Engineering AU College of EngineeringAndhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 India

The present paper is to know how the work is carried out in the field of biomechanics of knee. various model formulations are discussed and further classified into mathematical model, two-dimensional model and three-dimensional model. knee geometry is a crucial part of human body movement, in which how various views of knee is shown in different planes and how the forces act on tibia and femur are studied. It leads to know the forces acting on the knee joint. Experimental studies of knee geometry and forces acting on knee shown by various researchers have been discussed, and comparisons of results are made. In addition, static and dynamic analysis of knee has been also discussed respectively to some extent.

关键词： biomechanics knee geometry ligaments squat femorotibial joint finite element method

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Speed–density functional relationship for heterogeneous traffic data: a statistical and theoretical investigation

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2019年第1期27卷 61-74页

作者： Hari krishna Gaddam k.Ramachandra rao Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

This study is an attempt to establish a suitable speed–density functional relationship for heterogeneous traffic on urban arterials. The model must reproduce the traffic behaviour on traffic stream and satisfy all static and dynamic properties of speed–flow–density relationships. As a first attempt for Indian traffic condition, two behavioural parameters, namely the kinematic wave speed at jam(Cj) and a proposed saturation flow(k), are estimated using empirical observations. The parameter Cjis estimated by developing a relationship between driver reaction time and vehicle position in the queue at the signalised intersection. Functional parameters are estimated using Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm implemented in the R statistical *** measures such as root mean squared error, average relative error and cumulative residual plots are used for assessing models fitness. We set out several static and dynamic properties of the flow–speed–density relationships to evaluate the models, and these properties equally hold good for both homogenous and heterogeneous traffic *** the numerical analysis, it is found that very few models replicate empirical speed–density data traffic ***, none of the existing functional forms satisfy all the properties. To overcome the shortcomings, we proposed two new speed–density functional forms. The uniqueness of these models is that they satisfy both numerical accuracy and the properties of fundamental diagram. These new forms would certainly improve the modelling accuracy, especially in dynamic traffic studies when coupling with dynamic speed equations.

关键词： Heterogeneous traffic Speed-density model kinematic wave speed Traffic flow CURE plots

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Gaussian PI Controller Network Classifier for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy System

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 983-995页

作者： Ravi Samikannu k.vinoth Narasimha rao Dasari Senthil kumar Subburaj Department of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyBotswana Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Electrical Power Engineering College of EngineeringDefence UniversityEthiopia Department Electrical and Electronics Engineering New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and TechnologySembakkamTamil NaduIndia

Multi-port converters are considered as exceeding earlier period decade owing to function in a combination of different energy sources in a single processing *** energy sources are playing a significant role in the modern energy system with rapid *** renewable sources like fuel combustion and solar energy,the generated voltages change due to their environmental *** develop energy resources,electric power generation involved huge *** power and output voltages are plays important role in our work but it not considered in the existing *** considering the power and voltage,Gaussian PI Controller-Maxpooling Deep Convolutional Neural Network Classifier(GPIC-MDCNNC)Model is introduced for the grid-connected renewable energy *** input information is collected from two input *** that,input layer transfer information to hidden layer 1 fuzzy PI is employed for controlling voltage in GPIC-MDCNNC *** layer 1 is transferred to hidden layer *** activation is employed for determining the output voltage with help of the *** last,the output layer offers the last value in GPIC-MDCNNC *** designed method was confirmed using one and multiple sources by stable and unpredictable input ***-MDCNNC Model increases the performance of grid-connected renewable energy systems by enhanced voltage value compared with state-of-the-art *** control technique using GPIC-MDCNNC Model increases the dynamics of hybrid energy systems connected to the grid.

关键词： Multi-port converters renewable sources fuzzy PI controller gaussian activation function fuel cell

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Macrophage polarization in response to wear particles in vitro

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第6期10卷 471-482页

作者： Joseph k Antonios Zhenyu Yao Chenguang Li Allison J rao Stuart B Goodman Orthopaedic Research Laboratories Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA

Total joint replacement is a highly successful surgical procedure for treatment of patients with disabling arthritis and joint dysfunction. However, over time, with high levels of activity and usage of the joint, implant wear particles are generated from the articulating surfaces. These wear particles can lead to activation of an inflammatory reaction, and subsequent bone resorption around the implant （periprosthetic osteolysis）. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage orchestrate this chronic inflammatory response, which is dominated by a pro-inflammatory （M 1） macrophage phenotype rather than an anti-inflammatory pro-tissue healing （M2） macrophage phenotype. While it has been shown that interleukin-4 （IL-4） selectively polarizes macrophages towards an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype which promotes bone healing, rather than inflammation, little is known about the time course in which this occurs or conditions in which repolarization through I L-4 is most effective. The goal of this work was to study the time course of murine macrophage polarization and cytokine release in response to challenge with combinations of polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） particles, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and IL-4 in vitro. Treatment of particle-challenged monocyte/macrophages with IL-4 led to an initial suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） production and subsequent polarization into an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. This result was optimized when IL-4 was delivered before PMMA particle challenge, to an M 1 phenotype rather than to uncommitted （MO） macrophages. The effects of this polarization were sustained over a 5-day time course. Polarization of M1 macrophages into an M2 phenotype may be a strategy to mitigate wear particle associated periprosthetic osteolysis.

关键词： IL-4 macrophage polarization osteolysis PMMA particles total joint replacement

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Inflammation and dry eye disease——where are we?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第5期15卷 820-827页

作者： Srinivas k rao Rishi Mohan Nikhil Gokhale Himanshu Matalia Paras Mehta Darshan Eye Care&Surgical Centre ChennaiTamil NaduIndia MM Eyetech Institute of Ophthalmology New DelhiIndia Gokhale Eye Hospital MumbaiMaharashtraIndia Narayana Nethralaya Electronic CityBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Sameep Eye Hospital and Corneal Center VadodaraGujaratIndia

The presence of inflammation in dry eye disease(DED)results in increased patient symptomatology,ocular surface damage and worsening tear *** also affects the health of meibomian glands and their secretions which further aggravates ocular surface *** article reviews current knowledge regarding ocular surface inflammation in DED and explores the relationships between the vicious cycles of DED,inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).The clinical evaluation of eyes with such changes,markers that identify the presence of inflammation on the ocular surface and current treatment options are discussed.

关键词： dry eye disease inflammation meibomian gland dysfunction vicious cycle ocular surface disease

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Ethnobotanical Study towards Conservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Upper Catchments of Dhauli Ganga in the Central Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 286-296页

作者： L.S.kANDARI P.C.PHONDANI k.C.PAYAL k.S.rao R.k.MAIkHURI School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesHaramaya University G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment&Development Department of Botany University of Delhi

The present study broadly focused on medicinal plant species collected from wild by the villagers for different purposes in the upper catchment of Dhauli Ganga in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve(NDBR),in the central Himalaya.A schedule based survey was conducted during the years 2003-2005 in 15 villages of Chamoli district part of the *** was collected from collectors, vaidya(medicine man)and those dealing with domestication and marketing of the medicinal plants. The aim of the study was to understand the prioritiesed medicinal plants,their mode of collection and document their ethnobotanical uses by the Bhotiya tribal communities,in this world heritage site. During the survey,50 medicinal plants belonging to 31 families and 44 genera were *** of these,70% were harvested from the wild,22% were cultivated and 8% were cultivated as well as wild *** the cultivated species,8% were found growing in the kitchen gardens and 14%in the agricultural ***,42%of the plants had their roots and rhizomes used followed by leaves (26%),seeds(10%),seed and leaf(8%),bark and whole plant(6%)and flower(1%).Most plants were reported to be used for rheumatism(16),followed by stomach disorder(14),cold and cough(11),and jaundice(9).Thirty three plants species were reported to have more than one therapeutic uses,while 17 species were reported to be used against single *** distance of villages from road head was one of the factors contributing to the decline in the medicinal plant population in their natural habitats. The availability of medicinal plants increased with increase in distance from road head and also the peoples'dependence on *** of the traditional knowledge will help in conservation of knowledge and also opportunity for using it for future training and *** result of this study will help in promoting sustainable cultivation and implementation in conservation protocol of those species,which are in the verge of exti

关键词： Conservation strategy Ethnobotany Medicinal plants Traditional communities Central Himalaya

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Effect of bisphenol A and co-administration of bisphenol Aand vitamin C on epididymis of adult rats:A histological and biochemical study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第3期5卷 203-208页

作者： k.C.Chitra k.Ramachandra rao P.P.Mathur School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Pondicherry 605 014 IndiaDepartment of Anatomy Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research Pondicherry 605 006 IndiaSchool of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Pondicherry 605014 India

Aim: To study the effect of bisphenol A on the epididymis and epididymal sperm of rats and the possible amelioration action of co-administration with vitamin C. Methods: Male Wistar rats were orally administered bisphenol A (0.2 μg·kg-1·day-1, 2 μg·kg-1·day-1 and 20 μg·kg-1·day-1) and 0.2 μg, 2μg and 20 μg bisphenol A + 40 mg vitamin C·kg-1·day-1 for 60 days. On day 61, rats were killed with anesthetic ether and sperm collected from epididymis were used for assessment of sperm count, motility and viability and biochemical studies. A 1 % homogenate of epididymis was prepared and used for biochemical estimations. Caput, corpus and cauda epididymis were fixed in Bouin's fixative for histological studies. Results: Administration of bisphenol A caused a reduction in the epididymal sperm motility and count and the sperm viability remained unchanged. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glu-tathione peroxidase decreased, while the levels of lipid peroxidation increased in epididymal sperm and epididymis at all doses. Co-administration with vitamin C reversed the effect of bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress in epididymal sperm and epididymis. A complete degeneration of epididymal epithelium in caput, corpus and cauda regions with reduction in the number of sperms were observed at all doses of bisphenol A-treated rats. Conclusion: Bisphenol A induced oxidative stress in epididymis and caused degeneration of the epididymal epithelium of rats. Co-administration with vitamin C had a protective effect against the bisphenol A-induced toxicity in epididymal sperm and epididymis.

关键词： bisphenol A epididymis spermatozoa ascorbic acid antioxidant enzymes lipid peroxidation reactive oxygen species oxidative stress

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