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Recent Advances in Visible-Light-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Catalyst Nanostructures and Reaction Systems

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Nano-Micro Letters 2016年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： Xiaoping Chen Zhixiang Zhang Lina Chi Aathira krishnadas nair Wenfeng Shangguan Zheng Jiang Research Center for Combustion and Environment Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Faculty of Engineering and the Environment University of Southampton School of Environmental Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting using solar energy has attracted great attention for generation of renewable hydrogen with less carbon footprint, while there are enormous challenges that still remain for improving solar energy water splitting efficiency, due to limited light harvesting, energy loss associated to fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, as well as electrode degradation. This overview focuses on the recent development about catalyst nanomaterials and nanostructures in different PEC water splitting systems. As photoanode, Au nanoparticle-decorated TiO_2 nanowire electrodes exhibited enhanced photoactivity in both the UV and the visible regions due to surface plasmon resonance of Au and showed the largest photocurrent generation of up to 710 nm. Pt/Cd S/CGSe electrodes were developed as photocathode. With the role of p–n heterojunction, the photoelectrode showed high stability and evolved hydrogen continuously for more than 10 days. Further, in the Z-scheme system(Bi_2S_3/TNA as photoanode and Pt/Si PVC as photocathode at the same time), a self-bias(open-circuit voltage Voc= 0.766 V) was formed between two photoelectrodes, which could facilitate photogenerated charge transfers and enhance the photoelectrochemical performance, and which might provide new hints for PEC water splitting. Meanwhile, the existing problems and prospective solutions have also been reviewed.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical water splitting Nanostructures Reaction system Heterojuction Hybrid systems

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Calponin 3 promotes invasion and drug resistance of colon cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第11期11卷 971-982页

作者： Vidhya A nair Noura A Al-khayyal Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal Wael M Abdel-Rahman Environment and Cancer Research Group Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research University of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Department of Biotechnology Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health Sciences and Environment and Cancer Research GroupSharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates

BACkGROUND Calponin 3(CNN3)is an actin-binding protein expressed in smooth muscle and non-smooth muscle *** is required for cytoskeletal rearrangement and wound *** To dissect the role of CNN3 in carcinogenesis with a focus on colon *** A total of 20 cancer cell lines(8 breast,11 colon,and HeLa cervical cancer cell as a positive control for mesenchymal phenotype)and 57 formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded sections from archived sporadic colorectal carcinomas were included in this ***3 expression analysis by western blot or immunohistochemistry was followed by functional *** CNN3 gene was silenced by specific small interfering RNA(commonly known as siRNA),followed by confirmation of the silencing efficiency by western ***,the silenced cells and control siRNA-transfected cells were analyzed for changes in epithelial and mesenchymal markers,invasion,and response to 5-fluoruracil *** also performed proteomics analysis using a phospho-kinase array-based panel of 45 *** CNN3 showed positive expression in 6/8 breast and 9/11 colon cancer lines and in HeLa ***,the colorectal adenocarcinoma line SW480 was negative,while the cell line developed from its matching lymph node metastasis(SW620)was positive for ***3 expression was fairly consistent with the metastatic phenotype in colon cancer because it was absent in one other colon cell line from a primary site and expressed in all *** selected SW620 for subsequent functional ***3-silenced SW620 cells showed a reduction in collagen invasion and loss of mesenchymal ***3 silencing caused an increase in the SW620 colon cancer cell sensitivity to *** array-based proteomics analysis showed that CNN3 silencing in SW620 reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase,β-Catenin,mutant p53,c-Jun,and heat shock protein 60 activities but increased that of checkpoint kinase ***3 was expressed in 20/57(35%)co

关键词： β-Catenin Calponin 3 Colon cancer Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Invasion Metastasis

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Ophthalmic posterior segment manifestations of COVID-19

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Annals of Eye Science 2023年第4期8卷 16-21页

作者： Sonya Besagar Archana A.nair Sapna Gangaputra Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,numerous reports of associated ocular manifestations have *** of nearly every ocular structure has been *** aim of this review is to describe various manifestations of the severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus on the eye,focused primarily on the posterior segment,and discuss proposed pathophysiology and mechanisms of involvement of these ophthalmic *** mechanisms of ocular involvement of COVID-19 parallel those of systemic manifestations and include viral and other microbial reactivation,primary infection,inflammation,and *** reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,and Epstein-Barr Virus has been presumed in cases of acute retinal necrosis(ARN),while bacterial and parasitic infections have also been reported albeit less *** infection has also been thought to contribute to various inflammatory *** manifestations include various retinal artery and vein occlusions among other less visually significant signs such as cotton wool *** neuropathies including optic neuropathy,as well as optic neuritis have also been widely ***-19 vaccines are increasingly associated with ocular signs and *** this paper we explore various reported ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 infection,primarily involving the posterior *** the novel nature of the virus and overall paucity of cases,further study is required to better elucidate the causal relationship between the virus and its ophthalmologic effects.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) coronavirus posterior segment uveitis

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The Importance of Prolactin Levels in Patients Treated with Cabergoline for the Prevention of OHSS:Is Cabergoline Really Effective in Patients with High Risk of OHSS?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第6期5卷 344-349页

作者： Serkan Oral Yasam kemal Akpak Nilay karaca kadir savan Department of Assisted Reproduction LIV HospitalIstanbulTurkey Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ankara Mevki Military HospitalAnkaraTurkey Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bezmi Alem Vakif University HospitalIstanbulTurkey Department of Assisted Reproduction Bahcelievler Medicalpark HospitalIstanbulTurkey

Background: OHSS is a dangerous and potentially life-threatening condition for which many researchers look for new ways to treat. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of prophylactic cabergoline administration on prolactine levels in patients with high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Material and Methods: 163 in vitro fertilisation (IVF) patients with high risk for OHSS were enrolled in the study. The criteria for inclusion were more than 15 oocytes retrieved at oocyte pick up. A standard antagonist protocol was used for ovulation induction. Cabergoline treatments (0.5 mg/day) were started on the day of oocyte retrieval and continued for eight days. Prolactine levels were measured at the day of oocyte retrieval and the 9th day after the oocyte retrieval. Results: Of the 163 patients, 26 (15.9%) had OHSS. Prolactine levels on the day of oocyte retrieval were 44.22 ± 24.78 ng/mL and 37.6 ± 22.5 ng/mL in patients with OHSS and without OHSS, respectively (P > 0.05). In contrary prolactine levels were significantly higher in patients with OHSS patients (3.9 ± 5.07 ng/mL) than in patients without OHSS (2.1 ± 2.92 ng/mL) at the 9th day after oocyte retrieval (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Prolactine levels were higher in patients with OHSS than without OHSS who were treated with cabergoline for the prevention of OHSS.

关键词： Cabergoline Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome(OHSS) Prolactine Levels In Vitro Fertilization(IVF) Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGF)

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Influence of cryogenic treatment on the wear characteristics of 100Cr6 bearing steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第1期21卷 46-51页

作者： R.Sri Siva D.Mohan Lal P.k.savan.nair M.Arockia Jaswin Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna University Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Mechanical Engineering Aksheyaa College of Engineering

A series of reciprocating wear tests were performed on the deep cryogenically treated and conventionally heat-treated samples of 100Cr6 bearing steel to study the wear resistance. The worn surfaces as well as the wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The improvement in wear resistance of the deep cryogenically treated samples ranges from 49% to 52%. This significant improvement in wear resistance can be attributed to finer carbide precipitation in the tempered martensitie matrix and the transformation of retained aus- tenite into martensite. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the volume fraction of retained austenite in the conventionally heat-treated samples is 14% and that of the deep cryogenically treated samples is only 3%.

关键词： bearing steel cryogenic treatment wear resistance carbides martensite

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Assessment of neovascularization within carotid plaques in patients with ischemic stroke

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World Journal of Cardiology 2010年第4期2卷 89-97页

作者： Wilbert S Aronow Chandra k nair David Cosgrove Division of Cardiology New York Medical CollegeValhalla Center of Creighton University OmahaNE 68131United States Department of Imaging Sciences Imperial CollegeHammersmith Hospital

AIM:To assess neovascularization within human ca-rotid atherosclerotic soft plaques in patients with isch-emic ***:Eighty-one patients with ischemic stroke and 95 patients without stroke who had soft athero-sclerotic plaques in the internal carotid artery were *** thickest soft plaque in each patient was examined using contrast-enhanced ***-intensity curves were collected from 5 s to 3 min after contrast *** neovascularization within the plaques in the internal carotid artery was evaluated using the ACQ software built into the scanner by 2 of the experienced investigators who were blinded to the clinical history of the ***:Ischemic stroke was present in 7 of 33 patients(21%) with grade Ⅰ plaque,in 14 of 51 pa-tients(28%) with grade Ⅱ plaque,in 26 of 43 patients(61%) with grade Ⅲ plaque,and in 34 of 49 patients(69%) with grade Ⅳ plaque(P ke had a significantly higher intensity of enhancement(IE) than those without ischemic stroke(P ke patients(P k intensity or time to peak between the 2 ***:This study shows that the higher the grade of plaque enhancement,the higher the risk of ischemic *** data suggest that the presence of neovascularization is a marker for unstable plaque.

关键词： Carotid artery plaques Cerebral infarction Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography Ischemic stroke Neovascularization

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Rice ＋ Fish Farming in Homesteads： Sustainable Natural-Resource Management for Subsistence in Arunachal Pradesh, India

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第10期4卷 545-557页

作者： Sumpam Tangjang P. k. Ramachandran nair School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville 32611 Florida Department of Botany Rajiv Gandhi University Doimukh 791112 Arunachal Pradesh India

Understanding the attributes of traditional, location-specific land-use systems will provide insights for improvement of such systems and design of new ones for wider applicability. The integrated rice ＋ fish system developed by the Apatani tribe of Ziro valley, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India is such a unique system. Faced with shortages of their staple food items （rice and fish）, these subsistence farmers developed this ingenious system--in preference to the wide-spread shifting cultivation in the region--by capitalizing on the good water supply （from rainfall supplemented by natural flow from hills surrounding the valley）. Two rice crops are grown annually and fish is reared in paddy fields during the main rainy season. Crop residues and animal wastes are the sources of nutrients to crops, chemical fertilizers and insecticides are not used. Over the years, rice yield has been stable at about 3,700 ***-1. Recently, UNESCO has tentatively added the valley as a ＂world heritage site＂ recognizing its ＂extremely high productivity＂ and ＂unique＂ ecological preservation. The resilience and the sustainability of the system could be attributed to efficient nutrient cycling and nutrient input through water seeping in from surrounding hills, which have not been, but deserve to be, quantified.

关键词： Apatani tribe ecosystem conservation sustainability.

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Acquisition and dissemination mechanisms of CTXΦ in Vibrio cholerae : New paradigm for dif residents

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World Journal of Medical Genetics 2014年第2期4卷 27-33页

作者： Bhabatosh Das G Balakrish nair Rupak k Bhadra Centre for Human Microbial Ecology Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology

Vibrio cholerae(V. cholerae) genome is equipped with a number of integrative mobile genetic element(IMGE) like prophages, plasmids, transposons or genomic islands, which provides fitness factors that help the pathogen to survive in changing environmental conditions. Metagenomic analyses of clinical and environmental V. cholerae isolates revealed that dimer resolution sites(dif) harbor several structurally and functionally distinct IMGEs. All IMGEs present in the dif region exploit chromosomally encoded tyrosine recombinases, Xer C and Xer D, for integration. Integration takes place due to site-specific recombination between two specific DNA sequences; chromosomal sequence is called att B and IMGEs sequence is called att P. Different IMGEs present in the att P region have different attP structure but all of them are recognized by Xer C and Xer D enzymes and mediate either reversible or irreversible integration. Cholera toxin phage(CTXΦ), a lysogenic filamentous phage carrying the cholera toxin genes ctx AB, deserves special attention because it provides V. cholerae the crucial toxin and is always present in the dif region of all epidemic cholera isolates. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of integration and dissemination of CTXΦ, genetic and ecological factors which support CTXΦ integration as well as production of virion from chromosomally integrated phage genome and interactions of CTXΦ with other genetic elements present in the genomes of V. cholerae is important for learning more about the biology of cholera pathogen.

关键词： Vibrio cholerae Cholera toxin phage VGJΦ Plasmids,Integrative mobile genetic element Xer C Xer D Dimer resolution sites att P attB

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Remote ischaemic conditioning for stroke: unanswered questions and future directions

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 298-309页

作者： Sheharyar Baig Bethany Moyle krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman nair Jessica Redgrave Arshad Majid Ali Ali Cerebrovascular Medicine The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational NeuroscienceSheffieldUK Neurosciences Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Sheffield NIHR Biomedical Research Centre The University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Remote ischaemic conditioning(RIC)refers to a process whereby periods of intermittent ischaemia,typically via the cyclical application of a blood pressure cuff to a limb at above systolic pressure,confers systemic protection against ischaemia in spatially distinct vascular *** mechanisms underlying this have not been characterised fully but have been shown to involve neural,hormonal and systemic inflammatory signalling *** and early clinical studies have been promising and suggest beneficial effects of RIC in acute ischaemic stroke,symptomatic intracranial stenosis and vascular cognitive *** systematic searches of several clinical trials databases we identified 48 active clinical trials of RIC in ischaemic stroke,intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid *** summarise the different RIC protocols and outcome measures studied in ongoing clinical trials and highlight which studies are most likely to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of RIC and characterise its efficacy in the near *** discuss the uncertainties of RIC including the optimal frequency and duration of therapy,target patient groups,cost-effectiveness,the confounding impact of medications and the absence of a clinically meaningful biomarker of the conditioning *** several large clinical trials of RIC expected to report their outcomes within the next 2 years,this review aims to highlight the most important studies and unanswered questions that will need to be addressed before this potentially widely accessible and low-cost intervention can be used in clinical practice.

关键词： Remote directions founding

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Ameliorative effect of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata(Poir.) Hook.f.& ***(ACP) on APAP/CC1_4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats and in vitro free radical scavenging property

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第2期4卷 143-151页

作者： Varghese Jancy Shine Panikamparambil Gopalakrishnan Latha Somasckharan nair Rajam Suja Gangadharan Indira Anuja Gopan Raj Sreedharan nair Rajasekharan Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute(JNTBGRI)TrivandrumKerala 695562India Deparment of Chemistry Sree Narayana CollegePunalurKollam- 691305KeralaIndia

Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata(***) against paracetamol/carbon tetra chloride induced liver damage in Wistar ***:In viro paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats,in vitro free radical scavenging studies,HPTLC estimation of letrandrine and direct analysis in real timemass spectrometry of alkaloid extract of *** were used for the ***:The results showed that pretreatment with alkaloid extract of *** caused significant reduction of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase,serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,serum alkaline phosphatase,serum cholesterol,liver malondialdehyde *** reduced glutathione,catalase,superoxide dismutase levels in liver were increased with alkaloid extract of *** *** results were almost comparable to silymarin and normal *** studies also substantiated the biochemical *** in vitro hydroxyl,superoxide and DPPH scavenging study of alkaloid extract of C. peltata showed significant free radical scavenging ***:The hepatoprotective property of alkaloid extract of *** against paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride may be due the synergistic action of alkaloids especially tetrandrine,fangchinoline through free radical scavenging and thus preventing oxidative stress.

关键词： Tetrandrine Glutathione Catalase Superoxide dismutase Hydroxyl Malondialdehyde

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