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A cross-sectional study of breastfed infants referred for tongue tie assessment and frenotomy in one Canadian health region

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儿科学研究(英文) 2024年第1期8卷 53-60页

作者： Lee Tiffany A. Bishop Jessica Drover Anne Midodzi William k. Twells Laurie k. School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) St. John’s Canada Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) St. John’s Canada

Importance: Tongue tie (TT) is a condition that can cause infant feeding difficulties due to restricted tongue movement. When TT presents as a significant barrier to breastfeeding, a frenotomy may be recommended. Universally accepted diagnostic criteria for TT are lack.ng and wide prevalence estimates are reported. New referral processes and a Frenotomy Assessment Tool were implemented in one Canadian health region to connect breastfeeding dyads with a provider for TT evaluation and frenotomy.Objective: To determine the proportion of babies with TT as well as the frequency of frenotomy.Methods: This cross-sectional study included infants who initiated breastfeeding at birth and were referred for TT evaluation over a 14-month period. Data were collected retrospectively by chart review and analyzed using SPSS. Factors associated with frenotomy were examined using logistic regression.Results: Two hundred and forty-one babies were referred. Ninety-two percent (n = 222) were diagnosed with TT and 66.0% (n = 159) underwent frenotomy. In the multivariate model, nipple pain/trauma, inability to latch, inability to elevate tongue, and dimpling of tongue on extension were associated with frenotomy (P < 0.05). Most referrals in our region resulted in a diagnosis of TT; however, the number of referrals was lower than expected, and of these two-thirds underwent frenotomy.Interpretation: TT is a relatively common finding among breastfed infants. Future research should examine whether a simplified assessment tool containing the four items associated with frenotomy in our multivariate model can identify breastfed infants with TT who require frenotomy.

关键词： Breastfeeding Nutrition Community health services Pediatrics

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The diagnostic conundrum in necrotizing otitis externa

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck.Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 59-65页

作者： Abiya A.Ahmed Shaan Rashid Vinay k.Gupta Neil C.Molony k.shav k.Gupta Bradford Royal Infirmary Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWest BromwichWest YorkshireUK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust West BromwichUK Russells Hall Hospital DudleyUK

Necrotizing otitis externa(NOE)is an aggressive and fast‐evolving infection of the external auditory canal.Late diagnoses and untreated cases can lead to severe,even fatal consequences and so early diagnosis and treatment are paramount.NOE is a notoriously challenging diagnosis to mak..It is therefore important to understand what diagnostic modalities are available and how otolaryngologists can use them to accurately treat such an aggressive disease.This review aims to evaluate the different diagnostic options available in NOE and discuss their advantages and limitations,thus,providing an up‐to‐date picture of the multimodal approach required in the diagnosis of this disease.

关键词： diagnostic malignant otitis externa necrotizing osteomyelitis sk.ll base osteomyelitis temporal bone osteomyelitis

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Aqueous-phase reforming of hydroxyacetone solution to bio-based H_(2)over supported Pt catalysts

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 777-788页

作者： A.k.k.Vik.a k.k.ichumanova Songbo He k.Seshan Joint International Research Laboratory of Circular Carbon Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente7500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands CoRe Pro 9723 BL GroningenThe Netherlands

Aqueous-phase reforming(APR)is an attractive process to produce bio-based hydrogen from waste biomass streams,during which the catalyst stability is often challenged due to the harsh reaction conditions.In this work.three Pt-based catalysts supported on C,AlO(OH),and ZrO_(2)were investigated for the APR of hydroxyacetone solution in afixed bed reactor at 225℃and 35 bar.Among them,the Pt/C catalyst showed the highest turnover frequency for H_(2)production(TOF of 8.9 molH_(2)molPt^(-1)min^(-1))and the longest catalyst stability.Over the AlO(OH)and ZrO_(2)supported Pt catalysts,the side reactions consuming H_(2),formation of cok.,and Pt sintering result in a low H_(2)production and the fast catalyst deactivation.The proposed reaction pathways suggest that a promising APR catalyst should reform all oxygenates in the aqueous phase,minimize the hydrogenation of the oxygenates,maximize the WGS reaction,and inhibit the condensation and cok.ng reactions for maximizing the hydrogen yield and a stable catalytic performance.

关键词： APR Hydroxyacetone TOF Bio-based H_(2) Support effect

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LiDAR-based estimation of bounding box coordinates using Gaussian process regression and particle swarm optimization

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Biomimetic Intelligence & Robotics 2024年第1期4卷 24-35页

作者： Vinodha k. E.S.Gopi Tushar Agnibhoj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu620015India

Camera-based object track.ng systems in a given closed environment lack.privacy and confidentiality.In this study,light detection and ranging(LiDAR)was applied to track.objects similar to the camera track.ng in a closed environment,guaranteeing privacy and confidentiality.The primary objective was to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique through carefully designed experiments conducted using two scenarios.In Scenario I,the study illustrates the capability of the proposed technique to detect the locations of multiple objects positioned on a flat surface,achieved by analyzing LiDAR data collected from several locations within the closed environment.Scenario II demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed technique in detecting multiple objects using LiDAR data obtained from a single,fixed location.Real-time experiments are conducted with human subjects navigating predefined paths.Three individuals move within an environment,while LiDAR,fixed at the center,dynamically track. and identifies their locations at multiple instances.Results demonstrate that a single,strategically positioned LiDAR can adeptly detect objects in motion around it.Furthermore,this study provides a comparison of various regression techniques for predicting bounding box coordinates.Gaussian process regression(GPR),combined with particle swarm optimization(PSO)for prediction,achieves the lowest prediction mean square error of all the regression techniques examined at 0.01.Hyperparameter tuning of GPR using PSO significantly minimizes the regression error.Results of the experiment pave the way for its extension to various real-time applications such as crowd management in malls,surveillance systems,and various Internet of Things scenarios.

关键词： LiDAR Data acquisition Bounding box Gaussian process regression Particle swarm optimization(PSO)

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SARS-CoV-2 spik. protein-ACE2 interaction increases carbohydrate sulfotransferases and reduces N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase by p38 MAPk

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1174-1185页

作者： Sumit Bhattacharyya Joanne k.Tobacman Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIL 60612USA

Immunostaining in lungs of patients who died with CovID-19 infection showed increased intensity and distribution of chondroitin sulfate and decline in N-acetylgalactostamine-4-sulfatase(Arylsulfatase B;ARSB).To explain these findings,human small airway epithelial cells were exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 spik. protein receptor binding domain(SPRBD)and transcriptional mechanisms were investigated.Phospho-p38 MAPk.and phospho-SMAD3 increased following exposure to the SPRBD,and their inhibition suppressed the promoter activation of the carbohydrate sulfotransferases CHST15 and CHST11,which contributed to chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis.Decline in ARSB was mediated by phospho-38 MAPk.induced N-terminal Rb phosphorylation and an associated increase in Rb-E2F1 binding and decline in E2F1 binding to the ARSB promoter.The increases in chondroitin sulfotransferases were inhibited when treated with phospho-p38-MAPk.inhibitors,SMAD3(SIS3)inhibitors,as well as antihistamine desloratadine and antibiotic monensin.In the mouse model of carrageenan-induced systemic inflammation,increases in phosphop38 MAPk.and expression of CHST15 and CHST11 and declines in DNA-E2F binding and ARSB expression occurred in the lung,similar to theobserved effects in this SPRBD model of COVID-19 infection.Since accumulation of chondroitin sulfates is associated with fibrotic lung conditions and diffuse alveolar damage,increased attention to p38-MAPk.inhibition may be beneficial in amelioratingCovid-19infections.

关键词： ACE2 lung inhibited

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Atherosclerotic plaque classification in carotid ultrasound images using machine learning and explainable deep learning

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 83-95页

作者： Soni Singh Pank.j k.Jain Neeraj Sharma Mausumi Pohit Sudipta Roy School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences Gautam Buddha UniversityGreater NoidaUttar PradeshIndia Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Jio Institute Navi MumbaiMaharashtraIndia School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia

Objective The incidence of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)is rising rapidly worldwide.Some forms of CVD,such as strok. and heart attack.are more common among patients with certain conditions.Atherosclerosis development is a major factor underlying cardiovascular events,such as heart attack.and strok.,and its early detection may prevent such events.Ultrasound imaging of carotid arteries is a useful method for diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques;however,an automated method to classify atherosclerotic plaques for evaluation of early-stage CVD is needed.Here,we propose an automated method for classification of high-risk.atherosclerotic plaque ultrasound images.Methods Five deep learning(DL)models(VGG16,ResNet-50,GoogLeNet,XceptionNet,and SqueezeNet)were used for automated classification and the results compared with those of a machine learning(ML)-based technique,involving extraction of 23 texture features from ultrasound images and classification using a Support Vector Machine classifier.To enhance model interpretability,output gradient-weighted convolutional activation maps(GradCAMs)were generated and overlayed on original images.Results A series of indices,including accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,F1-score,Cohen-k.ppa index,and area under the curve values,were calculated to evaluate model performance.GradCAM output images allowed visualization of the most significant ultrasound image regions.The GoogLeNet model yielded the highest accuracy(98.20%).Conclusion ML models may be also suitable for applications requiring low computational resource.Further,DL models could be more completely automated than ML models.

关键词： Explainable deep learning Carotid artery Classification VGG 16 ResNet-50 GoogLeNet XceptionNet SqueezeNet

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Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:From the gastroenterologist’s stand-point

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1235-1254页

作者： John k.Triantafillidis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology Haidari 12461AthensGreece

Treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)represents,in the majority of cases,a real challenge to the gastroenterologist’s abilities and sk.lls as well as a clinical test concerning his/her levels of medical k.owledge and experience.During the last two decades,our pharmaceutical arsenal was significantly strengthened,especially after the introduction of the so-called biological agents,drugs which to a large extent not only improved the results of conservative treatment but also changed the natural history of the disease.However,colectomy is still necessary for some patients with severe UC although smaller compared to the past,precisely because of the improvements achieved in the available conservative treatment.Nevertheless,surgeries to treat colon dysplasia and cancer are increasing to some extent.At the same time,satisfactory improvements in surgical techniques,the pre-and post-operative care of patients,as well as the selection of the appropriate time for performing the surgery have been noticed.Regarding patients with CD,the improvement of conservative treatment did not significantly change the need for surgical treatment since two-thirds of patients need to undergo surgery at some point in the course of their disease.On the other hand,the outcome of the operation has improved through good preoperative care as well as the wide application of more conservative surgical techniques aimed at k.eping as much of the bowel in situ as possible.This article discusses the indications for surgical management of UC patients from the gastroenterologist’s point of view,the results of the emerging new techniques such as transanal surgery and robotics,as well as alternative operations to the classic ileo-anal-pouch anastomosis.The author also discusses the basic principles of surgical management of patients with CD based on the results of the relevant literature.The self-evident is emphasized,that is,to achieve an excellent therapeutic result in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease in today’s era;t

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Surgery Treatment Ileo-anal-pouch anastomosis Indications Techniques

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Sparse identification-assisted exploration of the atomic-scale deformation mechanism in multiphase CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1124-1132页

作者： XIAO Lu GUO XiaoXiang SUN YuTong WANG Gang LONG WeiMin LIAW Peter k. REN JingLi School of Mathematics and Statistics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Materials Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Sk. of Advanced Brazing Metals&Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical EngineeringZhengzhou 450001China Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

This study investigated the atomic-scale deformation mechanism of multiphase CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys(HEAs)at liquid helium,liquid nitrogen,and room temperatures.A million-atom multiphase HEA was prepared using molecular dynamics simulation involving melt and quench processes.The HEA exhibited high-density dislocations and some twins,consistent with experimental observations.Quantitative analysis revealed an inconsistent evolution of the microstructure under tensile deformation.In particular,the elastic and initial plastic stages exhibited an increase in the disordered structure at the expense of the face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-pack.d structures,followed by a subsequent transformation involving multiple structural rearrangements.Furthermore,through sparse identification,a model depicting microstructural evolution during tension was extracted for the CoCrFeNi HEA at three typical temperatures and three tensile rates.The model highlighted the importance of the body-centered cubic structure in the evolutionary process.

关键词： high-entropy alloy data-driven method microstructure evolution multiphase structure molecular dynamics simulation

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Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk.in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and Paralympics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： Changqing Lin Peter k.k.Louie Alexis k.H.Lau Jimmy C.H.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shak.aoat Hossain Chengcai Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongk.ng-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei k.y Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public Health and Informatics Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jock.y Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) concentration.Given the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant concentrations.In this study,a risk.based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk.in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant emissions.Results show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the BTH.Due to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the WOP.Despite the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk.of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the BTH.Our results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk.based methods.Together with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk Carbon neutrality Mega-events

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Direct scaling of residual displacements for bilinear and pinching oscillators

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Earthquak. Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 129-149页

作者： Mohammad Saifullah Vinay k.Gupta Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India

The estimation of residual displacements in a structure due to an anticipated earthquak. event has increasingly become an important component of performance-based earthquak. engineering because controlling these displacements plays an important role in ensuring cost-feasible or cost-effective repairs in a damaged structure after the event.An attempt is made in this study to obtain statistical estimates of constant-ductility residual displacement spectra for bilinear and pinching oscillators with 5%initial damping,directly in terms of easily available seismological,site,and model parameters.None of the available models for the bilinear and pinching oscillators are useful when design spectra for a seismic hazard at a site are not available.The statistical estimates of a residual displacement spectrum are proposed in terms of earthquak. magnitude,epicentral distance,site geology parameter,and three model parameters for a given set of ductility demand and a hysteretic energy capacity coefficient in the case of bilinear and pinching models,as well as for a given set of pinching parameters for displacement and strength at the break.oint in the case of pinching model alone.The proposed scaling model is applicable to horizontal ground motions in the western U.S.for earthquak. magnitudes less than 7 or epicentral distances greater than 20 k..

关键词： residual displacement spectrum bilinear hysteresis model pinching hysteresis model nonlinear analysis scaling model

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