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Transition to forefoot strike reduces load rates more effectively than altered cadence

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第3期9卷 248-257页

作者： Erin E.Futrell k.douglas gross Darcy Reisman David R.Mullineaux Irene S.Davis Department of Physical Therapy Springfield CollegeSpringfieldMA 01109USA Spaulding National Running Center Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Physical Therapy MGH Institute of Health ProfessionsBostonMA 02129USA Department of Physical Therapy University of DelawareNewarkDE 19713USA School of Sport and Exercise Science University of LincolnBrayford PoolLincolnBrayford PoolLN67TSUK Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

Background: Excessive vertical impacts at landing are associated with common running injuries. Two primary gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing impact forces are transition to forefoot strike and increasing cadence. The objective of this study was to compare the shortand long-term effects of 2 gait-retraining interventions aimed at reducing landing impacts.Methods: A total of 39 healthy recreational runners using a rearfoot strike and a cadence of 170 steps/min were randomized into cadence(CAD) or forefoot strike(FFS) groups. All participants performed 4 weeks of strengthening followed by 8 sessions of gait-retraining using auditory feedback. Vertical average load rates(VALR) and vertical instantaneous load rates(VILR) were calculated from the vertical ground reaction force curve. Both cadence and foot strike angle were measured using 3D motion analysis and an instrumented treadmill at baseline and at 1 week,1 month, and 6 months post retraining.Results: ANOVA revealed that the FFS group had significant reductions in VALR(49.7%) and VILR(41.7%), and changes were maintained long term. Foot strike angle in the FFS group changed from 14.2° dorsiflexion at baseline to 3.4° plantarflexion, with changes maintained long term. The CAD group exhibited significant reduction only in VALR(16%) and only at 6 months. Both groups had significant and similar increases in cadence at all follow-ups(CAD, +7.2% to 173 steps/min;and FFS, +6.1% to 172 steps/min).Conclusion: Forefoot strike gait-retraining resulted in significantly greater reductions in VALR and similar increases in cadence compared to cadence gait-retraining in the short and long term. Cadence gait-retraining resulted in small reductions in VALR at only the 6-month follow-up.

关键词： Foot strike Gait-retraining Physical therapy Running Step rate

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Practice patterns in FNA technique: A survey analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2014年第10期6卷 499-505页

作者： Christopher J DiMaio Jonathan M Buscaglia Seth A gross Harry R Aslanian Adam J Goodman Sammy Ho Michelle k kim Shireen Pais Felice Schnoll-Sussman Amrita Sethi Uzma D Siddiqui David H Robbins douglas G Adler Satish Nagula Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew York NY 10029 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stony Brook University School of MedicineStony BrookNew YorkNY 11794 United States Division of Gastroenterology NYU School of Medicine New York NY 10016 United States Section of Digestive Diseases Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut CT 06510 United States Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York NY 10467 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Diseases New York Medical College Valhalla New York NY 10595 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 United States Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Medical Center New York NY 10032 United States Section of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois IL 60637 United States Division of Gastroenterology Lenox Hill Hospital New York NY 10075 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City Utah UT 84132 United States

AIM: To ascertain fine needle aspiration(FNA) tech-niques by endosonographers with varying levels of ex-perience and environments.METHODS: A survey study was performed on United States based endosonographers. The subjects complet-ed an anonymous online electronic survey. The main outcome measurements were differences in needle choice, FNA technique, and clinical decision making among endosonographers and how this relates to years in practice, volume of EUS-FNA procedures, and prac-tice environment.RESULTS: A total of 210(30.8%) endosonographers completed the survey. Just over half(51.4%) identified themselves as academic/university-based practitioners. The vast majority of respondents(77.1%) identified themselves as high-volume endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)(> 150 EUS/year) and high-volume FNA(> 75 FNA/year) performers(73.3). If final cytology is non-diagnostic, high-volume EUS physicians were more likely than low volume physicians to repeat FNA with a core needle(60.5% vs 31.2%; P = 0.0004), and low volume physicians were more likely to refer patients for either surgical or percutaneous biopsy,(33.4% vs 4.9%, P kely to repeat FNA with a core needle(66.7%) compared to community physicians(40.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is significant variation in EUS-FNA practices among United States endosonographers. Differences appear to be related to EUS volume and practice environment.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Diagnostic procedures and techniques Fine needle biopsy Fine needle aspiration

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Preference of Dogs between Two Commercially Available Oral Formulations of Ectoparasiticide Containing Isoxazolines,Afoxolaner or Fluralaner

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第2期5卷 25-29页

作者： Lenaig Halos douglas S.Carithers Ruchika Solanki Heather Stanford Sheila J.gross Merial S.A.S. LyonFrance Merial Limited DuluthUSA Summit Ridge Farms SusquehannaUSA 26 Bayberry Close PiscatawayUSA

Because of their convenience, oral dosage forms are an emerging trend in companion animal formulations. Ectoparasiticides represent a significant proportion of the treatments administered to pets, and recently oral formulations have been commercialized. They have to demonstrate high palatability to ensure that they are voluntarily accepted by the animal especially because they are repeatedly offered medications. The present study aimed to compare the dog’s preference between two commercially available oral ectoparasiticide formulations containing either afoxolaner (NexGard®, Merial) or fluralaner (Bravecto®, MSD Animal Health). In two separate experiments, 225 individual dogs (115 and 110 respectively) were offered a choice of afoxolaner or fluralaner chewable tablets. The 225 dogs were given an opportunity to smell both products, and then the products were simultaneously offered to each dog by hand for 4 consecutive days with products offered from alternate hands on each day. Individual consumption and related behaviors were recorded. The same individual offered the products to the dogs throughout each study. The total number of chewable tablets for each formulation was recorded and preference was evaluated as the consumption of a given formulation during more days. A total amount of 797 tablets were consumed by the 225 dogs during the 4 days of the studies. A total of 573 (71.9%) afoxolaner chews and 224 (28.1%) fluralaner chews were consumed voluntarily. The overall consumption ratio was 2.56 to 1 for NexGard®?to Bravecto®, with significantly (p ®?than Bravecto®?on each day. As for dogs demonstrating a preference over the entire test period;83% of the dogs tested preferred NexGard®?to Bravecto®, resulting in a preference ratio of 5 to 1 for afoxolaner formulation versus fluralaner formulation. This study demonstrated that when dogs were offered a choice between the two ectoparasiticide products, a significant preference for NexGard®?was observed.

关键词： Palatability Preference Oral Ectoparasiticide Treatment Compliance

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Preference of Dogs between Two Oral Formulations of Endectoparasiticides: NEXGARD SPECTRA<sup>®</sup>(Afoxolaner and Milbemycin Oxime) and Simparica Trio<sup>TM</sup>(Sarolaner, Moxidectin and Pyrantel)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第9期10卷 155-163页

作者： Nadège Perier douglas S. Carithers William Russel Everett Sheila J. gross Phrutsamon Wongnak karine Chalvet-Monfray Frédéric Beugnet Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Boulevard Duluth USA BerTek Inc. 104 Wilson Bottoms Rd Greenbrier USA Independent Statistician 26 Bayberry Close Piscataway USA Universit é Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR EPIA Saint-Gen &egrave s-Champanelle France Universit é de Lyon INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR EPIA Marcy l’Etoile France Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier Lyon France

Pet owner compliance is essential for the success of veterinary healthcare strategies. As some parasites are zoonotic, consistent parasite control is an integral part of the One-Health strategy. Highly palatable formulations help ensure compliance, as they offer a positive experience for the dog and the owner. This study was conducted to ascertain if dogs exhibited a preference between two commercially available oral formulations of broad-spectrum endectoparasiticides, NexGard Spectra (afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime) and Simparica Trio (sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel). For four consecutive days, 100 healthy dogs were offered both products and consumption was recorded. If one product was more consumed than the other, it was defined as the preferred product. No adverse event was recorded throughout the study. A total of 358 chewable tablets were consumed over four study days;78.5% of dogs voluntarily consumed NexGard Spectra (281 chews), while 21.5% of dogs voluntarily consumed Simparica Trio (77 chews, p p -16), resulting in a preference ratio of 17.75 to 1 for NexGard Spectra.

关键词： Preference Parasiticide Palatability Dog Compliance

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Measuring the Floor Area of Buildings:Problems of Consistency and a Solution

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2019年第2期13卷 107-114页

作者： Dario Trabucco William douglas Miranda Iuav University of Venice CTBUH Research Office Santa Croce 19130135 VeniceItaly

Measuring the floor area of a building may seem a straightforward activity,but it is not.What to be included and what to be considered vary in virtually every country,and definitions such as GFA(gross floor area),NRA(net rentable area),etc.are also misleading as they are not consistent.In an era in which international actors contribute for projects in all major cities,having a consistent system to measure the floor area of a building is of the utmost importance.Consistent measurements allow not just for easier and better design,but also for the comparison of buildings,as the floor area is the nominator of all parameters of sustainability,energy consumption,construction cost,occupancy ratios,cleaning fees,etc.

关键词： Floor area measurement gross area net area internal dominant face

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Chi-Square Distribution: New Derivations and Environmental Application

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第8期7卷 1786-1799页

作者： Thomas M. Semkow Nicole Freeman Umme-Farzana Syed douglas k. Haines Abdul Bari Abdul J. khan kimi Nishikawa Adil khan Adam G. Burn Xin Li Liang T. Chu Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health Albany NY USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences University at Albany State University of New York Rensselaer NY USA Averill Park Central School District Averill Park NY USA

We describe two new derivations of the chi-square distribution. The first derivation uses the induction method, which requires only a single integral to calculate. The second derivation uses the Laplace transform and requires minimum assumptions. The new derivations are compared with the established derivations, such as by convolution, moment generating function, and Bayesian inference. The chi-square testing has seen many applications to physics and other fields. We describe a unique version of the chi-square test where both the variance and location are tested, which is then applied to environmental data. The chi-square test is used to make a judgment whether a laboratory method is capable of detection of gross alpha and beta radioactivity in drinking water for regulatory monitoring to protect health of population. A case of a failure of the chi-square test and its amelioration are described. The chi-square test is compared to and supplemented by the t-test.

关键词： Mathematical Induction Laplace Transform Gamma Distribution Chi-Square Test gross Alpha-Beta Drinking Water

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Acuros-Based Planning with Density Override for Lung SBRT by a Dynamic Conformal Arc Technique: Comparative Evaluation with AAA-Based Planning in Four-Dimensional Dose

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2021年第2期10卷 94-110页

作者： Inhwan Yeo Neil Joyce Deepinder P. Singh Michael T. Milano Yuhchyau Chen Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay Hongmei Yang douglas Rosenzweig Radiation Oncology University of Rochester Rochester USA

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a planning strategy based on Acuros with density override in comparison with AAA without and with the override. Ten lung-tumor patients were selected with each PTV size around 2 - 4 cm and were imaged using slow scan, followed by four-dimensional (4D) imaging limited to the target. On each phase-specific image, gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured. Summed over all phases, an integrated GTV (iGTV) was generated and copied to the slow scan. A treatment plan was created using a dynamic-conformal-arc technique with AAA to prescribe 60 Gy to 95% of PTV (iGTV + 0.5 cm). Each AAA-based plan was regenerated by overriding the density of the setup margin of PTV by GTV density (modeling tumor-position uncertainty). It was also regenerated with Acuros and the override. The three plans were validated in 4D dose to PTV, after similarly overriding PTV density (phase-specific), accurately calculating with Acuros, and summing the phase-specific plans through organ/dose registration. The Acuros-based plan with the override, the AAA-based plan, and the AAA-based plan with the override provided 4D PTV doses of 63.9, 67.9, and 62 Gy at D95%, respectively, averaged over all patients. The override with Acuros and AAA produced lesser 4D doses, closer to the associated 3D doses, respectively, than that without the override, with better conformity and inhomogeneity. With the override in common, Acuros provided a greater dose to PTV than that by AAA. The Acuros with the override, which was more accurate than the AAA without the override, is clinically recommended.

关键词： Lung SBRT Acuros Density Override AAA 4D Dose Calculation

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个人生活索引的发明者

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商业周刊（中文版） 2011年第10期 41-41页

作者： douglas MacMillan

少年老成的以色列编码师丹尼尔·格罗斯（Daniel gross）是一家新公司的共同创办人。这家公司正在打造一项搜索框技术——这项技术将帮你组织好你的整个线上生活。

关键词：个人生活发明者索引格罗斯丹尼尔以色列创办人公司

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