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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy J.Wester Channarayapatna k.Girish Peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Complete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and amino acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean meal[SBM]and canola meal[CM])were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM(413 g/kg)or CM(553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible marker.A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBM group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;P<0.05)was observed on the average SIDC of dispensable AA(DAA)in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of some individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(P<0.05 or P<0.001)in a quadratic manner by *** the CM,the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by *** SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by different magnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Rice Heat Tolerance Breeding: A Comprehensive Review and Forward Gaze

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 375-400,I0022页

作者： ravindran Lalithambika VISAkH Sreekumar ANAND Sukumaran Nair ARYA Behera SASMITA Uday Chand JHA Rameswar Prasad SAH Radha BEENA Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of AgricultureVellayaniKerala Agricultural UniversityThiruvananthapuramKerala 695522India Crop Improvement Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research InstituteCuttackOdisha 7530006India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Indian Institute of Pulse ResearchKanpur 208024India Department of Plant Physiology College of AgricultureVellayaniKerala Agricultural UniversityThiruvananthapuramKerala 695522India

The yield potential of rice is seriously affected by heat stress due to climate change. Since rice is a staple food globally, it is imperative to develop heat-resistant rice varieties. Thus, a thorough understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance and the impact of high temperatures on various critical stages of the crop is needed. Adoption of both conventional and innovative breeding strategies offers a long-term advantage over other methods, such as agronomic practices, to counter heat stress. In this review, we summarize the effects of heat stress, regulatory pathways for heat tolerance, phenotyping strategies, and various breeding methods available for developing heat-tolerant rice. We offer perspectives and knowledge to guide future research endeavors aimed at enhancing the ability of rice to withstand heat stress and ultimately benefit humanity.

关键词： genetic mechanism high-temperature stress molecular breeding genomics selection

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Response of Photonic Hydrogels of Homogeneous Particles to Uranyl Ions in Aqueous Solutions

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Photonic Sensors 2023年第4期13卷 50-61页

作者： R.G.JOSHI Deepak k.GUPTA P.AMESH P.k.PARIDA T.R.ravindran Materials Science Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchA CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteKalpakkam 603102India Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchA CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteKalpakkam 603102India Metallurgy and Materials Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchA CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute(HBNI)Kalpakkam 603102India

We study here the response of photonic hydrogels(PHs),made of photonic crystals of homogeneous silica particles in polyacrylamide hydrogels(SPHs),to the uranyl ions 22 UO_(2)^(2+) in aqueous *** is found that the reflection spectra of the SPH show a peak due to the Bragg diffraction,which exhibits a blue shift in the presence of 22 UO_(2)^(2+).Upon exposure to the SPH,22 UO_(2)^(2+)gets adsorbed on the SPH and forms complex coordinate bonds with multiple ligands on the SPH,which causes shrinking of hydrogel and leads to the blue shift in the diffraction *** amount of the blue shift in the diffraction peak increases monotonically up to 22 UO_(2)^(2+)concentrations as high as 2300μ*** equilibration time for the shift in the Bragg peak upon exposure to 22 UO_(2)^(2+)is found to be~30 *** results are in contrast to the earlier reports on photonic hydrogels of inhomogeneous microgel particles hydrogel(MPH),which shows the threshold 22 UO_(2)^(2+)concentration of~600μM,below which the diffraction peak exhibits a blue shift and a change to a red shift above *** equilibration time for MPH is~300 *** observed monotonic blue shift and the faster time response of the SPH to 22 UO_(2)^(2+)as compared to the MPH are explained in terms of homogeneous nature of silica particles in the SPH,against the porous and polymeric nature of microgels in the *** also study the extraction of 22 UO_(2)^(2+)from aqueous solutions using the *** extraction capacity estimated by the arsenazo-III analysis is found to be 112 mM/kg.

关键词： Photonic hydrogels uranium extraction and monitoring arsenazo-Ⅲ-uranium complex polyacrylamide hydrogel UV-visible spectroscopy

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Sammon Quadratic Recurrent Multilayer Deep Classifier for Legal Document Analytics

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 3039-3053页

作者： Divya Mohan Latha ravindran Nair School of Engineering Cochin University of Science and TechnologyKeralaIndia

In recent years,machine learning algorithms and in particular deep learning has shown promising results when used in the field of legal *** legal field is strongly affected by the problem of information overload,due to the large amount of legal material stored in textual *** text processing is essential in the legal domain to analyze the texts of the court events to automatically predict smart *** an increasing number of digitally available documents,legal text processing is essential to analyze documents which helps to automate various legal domain *** document classification is a valuable tool in legal services for enhancing the quality and efficiency of legal document *** this paper,we propose Sammon keyword Mapping-based Quadratic Discriminant Recurrent Multilayer Perceptive Deep Neural Classifier(SkM-QDRMPDNC),a system that applies deep neural methods to the problem of legal document *** SkM-QDRMPDNC technique consists of many layers to perform the keyword extraction and ***,the set of legal documents are collected from the *** the keyword extraction is performed using SammonMapping technique based on the distance *** the extracted features,Quadratic Discriminant analysis is applied to performthe document classification based on the likelihood ratio ***,the classified legal documents are obtained at the output *** process is repeated until minimum error is *** experimental assessment is carried out using various performance metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,F-measure,and computational time based on several legal documents collected from the *** observed results validated that the proposed SkM-QDRMPDNC technique provides improved performance in terms of achieving higher accuracy,precision,recall,and F-measure with minimum computation time when compared to existing methods.

关键词： Legal document data analytics recurrent multilayer perceptive deep neural network sammon mapping quadratic discriminant analysis likelihood ratio test

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Calorie restriction potentiates epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated Nrf2 activation in hepatocytes of aged rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第10期13卷 421-430页

作者： Rajeswari ravindran Malathi Manuel Thangarajeswari Mohan ravindran Jaganathan kalaiselvi Periandavan Preclinical Department Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kuala LumpurRoyal College of Medicine Perak30450IpohMalaysia Department of Medical Biochemistry Dr A.L Mudaliar Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of MadrasTaramaniChennai 600113India

Objective:To explore the combinatorial effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and calorie restriction on activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a transcription factor involved in the antioxidant defense system of aged ***:Aged male Wistar rats were calorie-restricted and treated with EGCG orally for 45 *** initial body weight of aged rats was recorded,and the final body weight was measured at the end of the experimental *** lipid and lipoprotein status,oxidative stress markers such as free radicals and malondialdehyde levels,and reduced glutathione were *** addition,RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were ***:Calorie restriction potentiated the effect of EGCG on enhancing antioxidant status,improving the levels of serum lipid and lipoproteins,upregulating Nrf2 and Bcl2,and downregulating keap1,cullin3,Bax and cytochrome c in aged ***:Calorie restriction can promote EGCG-mediated Nrf2 activation in aged *** preliminary finding paves the way for a combinatory approach to replenishing the antioxidant status during aging,thereby reducing the risk for age-associated degenerative diseases.

关键词： Aging Reactive oxygen species Calorie restriction EGCG Nrf2 Antioxidant

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Effects of sonication amplitude on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91E magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3397-3405页

作者： P.Emadi B.Andilab C.ravindran Centre for Near-net-shape Processing of Materials Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoON M5B 2K3 Canada

Light metals are gaining increased attention due to ecological sustainability concerns and strict emission regulations. Magnesium(Mg)is one such metal that has the potential to replace high density components, which can reduce emissions through lightweighting. However,the mechanical properties of Mg alloys must be improved for them to become viable candidates for structural applications. To this end, the current study examines the effect of sonication vibrational amplitude on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91E Mg *** molten alloys were subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 20 kHz, 180 s of processing time and vibrational amplitudes ranging from 1.25 to 15 μm. The resultant castings were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing. It was found that sonication with amplitudes up to 7.5 μm was able to effectively refine the secondary phases of the alloy. Similar trends were observed for grain size and yield strength. The refinement in microstructure was likely caused by the finer grain size and cavitation induced undercooling of the liquid metal. In addition, it was also noted that even the lowest level of amplitude(1.25 μm) was able to increase the density, improve the ultimate tensile strength and ductility of the castings. The tensile strength and ductility were thought to have been enhanced by ultrasonic degassing and refinement in microstructure, while the yield strength was improved through the Hall-Petch effect. The results from this study provided a basis for optimizing the sonication process and promoting its use in industry. As a result, Mg alloys improved through ultrasonic processing have the potential to replace higher density components, with consequent energy efficiency and environmental and ecological benefits.

关键词： Magnesium Casting and solidification Ultrasonic processing Vibrational amplitude Grain refinement Mechanical properties

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Comparative Evaluation of RT-PCR kits Available in Sri Lanka for Diagnosis of COVID-19

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感染微生物与疾病(英文) 2023年第3期5卷 152-158页

作者： kanchana P.Amarasinghe Arumugam Murugananthan Ponnuthurai T.Amalraajan Mithusha Thavaththurai Gayathri ravindran kalamathy Murugananthan Shakila k.Gunathilake Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka

Identification of gene targets by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR(rRT-PCR)is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of se-vere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** many commercial rRT-PCR kits are currently used in Sri Lanka,analytical performance of these kits have not been investigated ***,the objective of the present study was to evaluate the analytical performance of rRT-PCR kits used in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine,University of Jaffna(five kits).Performance of the five rRT-PCR kits selected for this study was compared with the CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV)RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel as reference *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Cohen’sκcoefficient of the five different commercial kits were ***-CoV-2 positive(62)and negative(32)respiratory sam-ples collected respectively from symptomatic individuals and asymptomatic healthy individuals were used in this *** of the cycle threshold(Ct)values of the five commercial kits revealed *** them,the TaqPathTM kit showed the highest sensitivity(98.4%)and interrater reliability(0.976).The HBRT-COVID-19 kit showed the lowest sensitivity(91.9%),specificity(93.7%)and interrater reliability(0.838).Although the five RT-PCR kits exhibited varying sensitivity,specificity and Ct values,all of them are suitable for the routine diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections as all values were higher than 90%.

关键词： COVID-19 diagnosis RT-PCR Ct value sensitivity specificity

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Progress in ileal endogenous amino acid flow research in poultry

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 415-425页

作者： V.ravindran Monogastric Research Centre School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand

The progress in our understanding of the endogenous protein concept over the past century is *** proteins found in the digesta at the terminal ileum of poultry,known as endogenous protein loss,are comprised of digestive secretions,mucus and sloughed gut epithelial *** measurement of this loss is of fundamental importance because it is an indicator of gut metabolism and is essential to adjust apparent estimates of ileal amino acid *** ileal endogenous amino acid losses comprise of two components,namely basal and specific *** basal losses are fixed and associated with feed dry matter intake,whereas the specific losses are variable and induced by the presence of dietary components such as fibre and *** there is no methodology available to directly measure the specific endogenous losses and these losses are calculated by determining the basal and total(basal plus specific)losses and,then subtracting the basal losses from total *** seminal features,specific applications and shortcomings of available methodologies are briefly outlined as well as the practical challenges faced in using the published endogenous amino acid loss values for true digestibility *** relevance of taurine as a component of endogenous protein flow in poultry is identified for the first time.

关键词： Basal loss Digestible amino acids Endogenous amino acid losses Poultry Specific loss

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Divergent DNA Methylation Patterns Associated with Abiotic Stress in Hevea brasiliensis

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 996-1013页

作者： Thomas k. Uthup Minimol ravindran, k. Bini Saha Thakurdas Genome Analysis Lab Rubber Research Institute of India Rubber Board PO Kottayam Kerala 686009 India

Cytosine methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism for gene-expression regulation and development in plants. Here, we report for the first time the identification of DNA methylation patterns and their putative relationship with abiotic stress in the tree crop Hevea brasiliensis （source of 99% of natural rubber in the world）. Regulatory sequences of four major genes involved in the mevalonate pathway （rubber biosynthesis pathway） and one general defense-related gene of three high-yielding popular rubber clones grown at two different agroclimatic conditions were analyzed for the presence of methylation. We found several significant variations in the methylation pattern at core DNA binding motifs within all the five genes. Several consistent clone-specific and location-specific methylation patterns were identified. The differences in methylation pattern observed at certain pivotal cis-regulatory sites indicate the direct impact of stress on the genome and support the hypothesis of site-specific stress-induced DNA methylation. It is assumed that some of the methylation patterns observed may be involved in the stress-responsive mechanism in plants by which they adapt to extreme conditions. The study also provide clues towards the existence of highly divergent phenotypic characters among Hevea clones despite their very similar genetic make-up. Altogether, the observations from this study prove beyond doubt that there exist epigenetic variations in Hevea and environmental factors play a significant role in the induction of site-specific epigenetic mutations in its genome.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics abiotic stress rubber biosynthesis Hevea brasiliensis.

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Robotic surgery for multi-visceral resection in locally advanced colorectal cancer:Techniques,benefits and future directions

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2023年第4期6卷 123-126页

作者： Chahaya Gauci Praveen ravindran Stephen Pillinger Andrew Craig Lynch Australian Robotic Colorectal Surgery SydneyAustralia Sydney Medical School Unversity of Sydney.Sydney Australia St George and Sutherland Clinical School Uhriversity of New South Wules MedidneSydneyAustrulia College of Health and Medicine Australian National UnversityCanberraAustulia

Colorectal cancer accounts for 10%of diagnosed cancers globally and often presents as advanced disease,necessitating aggressive *** both younger and healthier elderly patients being diagnosed,as well as potentially the need for salvage therapy post total neoadjuvant treatment,surgical options for cure include pelvic *** typically performed via an open approach,there has been an increased utilisation of minimally invasive techniques including robotic *** smaller in-cisions,reduced postoperative pain,and quicker recovery time than open surgery,robotic techniques have demonstrated lower blood loss,shorter hospital stays,and reduced ***,the er-gonomic design of robotic systems provides surgeons with comfort during long procedures and increased *** also offers an increased opportunity for organ preservation and reconstruction whilst maintaining adequate oncological *** robotic technology continues to evolve and combines with artificial intelligence,it is poised to play an even more significant role in the management of complex colorectal cancer cases,improving survival and long-term outcomes.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Robotic surgical procedures Pelvic exenteration Multivisceral surgery Artificial intelligence

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