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Understanding the Removal and Fate of Selected Drugs of Abuse in Sludge and Biosolids from Australian Wastewater Treatment Operations

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 872-879页

作者： Meena k.Yadav Cobus Gerber Christopher p.Saint Ben Van den Akker Michael D.Short Natural and Built Environments Research Centre School of Natural and Built EnvironmentsUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia School of pharmacy and Medical Science University of South AustraliaNorth TerraceSA 5000Australia Division of Information Technology Engineering and the EnvironmentUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Australian Water Quality Center AdelaideSA 5000Australia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

Illicit and pharmaceutical drugs are considered to be emerging contaminants of concern,and much research effort has gone into assessing their occurrence in ***,little information exists on their presence in treated sludge or *** this study,we examined sludge and biosolids from a large metropolitan wastewater treatment plant(WWTp)in Australia to determine the occurrence of five drugs of abuse,including benzoylecgonine as indicator of cocaine consumption,methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine(MDMA)as representative illicit stimulants,and codeine and morphine as pharmaceuticals with potential environmental *** samples were solid-phase extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS).Benzoylecgonine and MDMA were present in raw sludge but were notably degraded during solids treatment processes,and were not detected in the dewatered sludge(after treatment)or in ***,codeine,and morphine were detected in all biosolids samples at mean concentrations of 20–50 lg kg^-*** presence of these three drugs in biosolids shows that these compounds are relatively stable in the solids and in soil,and can persist in biosolids for at least several years.A simple environmental risk assessment based on estimated risk quotients(RQs)for these compounds indicated that the potential environmental risks associated with the land application of biosolids are very low at typical Australian biosolids application rates.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Biosolids Contamination Methamphetamine Sorption

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Superconvergence and the Numerical Flux: a Study Using the Upwind-Biased Flux in Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 461-486页

作者： Daniel J.Frean Jennifer k.Ryan School of Mathematics University of East AngliaNorwichUK Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

One of the beneficial properties of the discontinuous Galerkin method is the accurate wave propagation *** is,the semi-discrete error has dissipation errors of order 2k+1(≤Ch2k+1)and order 2k+2 for dispersion(≤Ch2k+2).previous studies have concentrated on the order of accuracy,and neglected the important role that the error constant,C,plays in these *** this article,we show the important role of the error constant in the dispersion and dissipation error for discontinuous Galerkin approximation of polynomial degree k,where k=0,1,2,*** gives insight into why one may want a more centred flux for a piecewise constant or quadratic approximation than for a piecewise linear or cubic *** provide an explicit formula for these error *** is illustrated through one particular flux,the upwind-biased flux introduced by Meng et al.,as it is a convex combination of the upwind and downwind *** studies of wave propagation are typically done through a Fourier *** higher order Fourier information can be extracted using the smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving(SIAC)*** SIAC filter ties the higher order Fourier information to the negative-order norm in physical *** show that both the proofs of the ability of the SIAC filter to extract extra accuracy and numerical results are unaffected by the choice of flux.

关键词： Discontinuous Galerkin Smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving(SIAC)filtering Superconvergence

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Successful treatment of a high-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumor using etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第21期8卷 5334-5340页

作者： Jina Yun Sang W Lee Sung H Lim Se H kim Chan k kim Seong k park Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology-OncologySoonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalSoonchunhyang University School of MedicineBucheon 14584South Korea Department of Urology and Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalSoonchunhyang University School of MedicineBucheon 14584South Korea

BACkGROUND Choriocarcinoma is an infrequent entity and the most aggressive subtype of germcell *** of early metastatic spread and rapid disease progression,choriocarcinoma patients display poor *** etoposide,methotrexate,actinomycin D,cyclophosphamide,and vincristine(EMA-CO)regimen is widely used to treat gestational trophoblastic tumors in females,its role in treating male choriocarcinoma is seldom *** SUMMARY A 32-year-old man was diagnosed with burned-out primary germ cell tumors(GCT)with retroperitoneum,liver and lung *** of the liver revealed pure *** patient received bleomycin,etoposide,and cisplatin *** two cycles of treatment,response evaluation revealed the mixed ***-CO regimen was used in the second-line *** eight cycles,the patient showed a potentially resectable state and thus,all residual masses were surgically *** patient was completely cured,and 10 years later,he is leading a healthy life without *** This paper is the first case of high-risk nonseminomatous GCT in a male patient to be successfully treated with the EMA-CO *** EMA-CO regimen can be used actively in patients with high-risk nonseminomatous GCT.

关键词： Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols Choriocarcinoma Testicular neoplasms Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate Case report

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Three-dimensional steep wave impact on a vertical cylinder

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第4期28卷 523-533页

作者： Ioannis k.CHATJIGEORGIOU Alexander A.kOROBkIN Mark J.COOkER School of Mathematics University of East Anglia School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering National Technical University of Athens

In the present study we investigate the 3-D hydrodynamic slamming problem on a vertical cylinder due to the impact of a steep wave that is moving with a steady *** linear theory of the velocity potential is employed by assuming inviscid,incompressible fluid and irrotational *** the problem is set in 3-D space,the employment of the Wagner condition is *** set of equations we pose,is presented as a mixed boundary value problem for Laplace＇s equation in *** from the mixedtype of boundary conditions,the problem is complicated by considering that the region of wetted surface of the cylinder is a set whose boundary depends on the vertical coordinate on the cylinder up to the *** make some simple assumptions at the start but otherwise we proceed *** find closed-form relations for the hydrodynamic variables,namely the time dependent potential,the pressure impulse,the shape of the wave front（from the contact point to beyond the cylinder） and the slamming force.

关键词： cylinder hydrodynamic incompressible steep Wagner employment otherwise coordinate analytically assumptions

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Microstructural Morphologies and Experimental Growth Laws during Solidification of Monotectic and Hypermonotectic Al-pb Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第4期30卷 401-407页

作者： Adrina p.Silva Amauri Garcia José E.Spinelli Department of Materials Engineering University of Campinas-UNICAMP Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar

AI-pb alloys with monotectic and hypermonotectic compositions were directionally solidified under unsteady- state heat flow conditions. The cooling curves recorded during solidification allowed solidification thermal parameters such as the cooling rate （T）, growth rate （v） and thermal gradient （G） to be experimentally determined. Different microstructural patterns have been associated with the alloy solute content, i.e., AI-1.2 and 2.1 wt% pb. A sequence of morphologies from the bottom to the top of the A1-1.2 wt% pb alloy casting （monotectic） can be observed： pb-rich droplets in the aluminum-rich matrix, followed by a region of microstructural transition formed by droplets and fibers and finally by a mixture of fibers and strings of pearls. A completely fibrous structure （without transition） has been observed along the entire AI-2.1 wt% pb alloy casting （hypermonotectic）. The interphase spacing （λ） was measured along the casting length, and experimental correlations between λand experimental solidification thermal parameters have been established. power laws with a -2.2 exponent expressing λ as a function of the growth rate, v, were found to better represent the fibrous growth of both AI-pb alloys. Moreover, a single experimental law expressing λ as a function of both G and v was found to describe the fibrous growth of both the monotectic and the hypermonotectic alloys experimentally examined.

关键词： Aluminum alloys Casting phase transformation

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Neuroprotective role of Noggin in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 492-496页

作者： Nadia Al-Sammarraie Mohammed Mahmood Swapan k.Ray Department of pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSCUSA

Spinal cord injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young adults in many countries including the United *** in the regeneration of neurons is one of the main obstacles that leave spinal cord injury patients with permanent paralysis in most *** research has found that preventing acute and subacute secondary cellular damages to the neurons and supporting glial cells can help slow the progression of spinal cord injury pathogenesis,in part by reactivating endogenous regenerative proteins including Noggin that are normally present during spinal cord *** is a complex protein and natural inhibitor of the multifunctional bone morphogenetic proteins,and its expression is high during spinal cord development and after induction of spinal cord *** this review article,we first discuss the change in expression of Noggin during pathogenesis in spinal cord ***,we discuss the current research knowledge about the neuroprotective role of Noggin in preclinical models of spinal cord ***,we explain the gap in the knowledge for the use of Noggin in the treatment of spinal cord *** results from extensive in vitro and in vivo research have revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of Noggin treatment remains debatable due to its neuroprotective effects observed only in early phases of spinal cord injury but little to no effect on altering pathogenesis and functional recovery observed in the chronic phase of spinal cord ***,clinical information regarding the role of Noggin in the alleviation of progression of pathogenesis,its therapeutic efficacy,bioavailability,and safety in human spinal cord injury is still lacking and therefore needs further investigation.

关键词： apoptosis astrocyte differentiation axon myelination axon regeneration bone morphogenetic protein glial scar heterotrophic ossification neurogenesis neuropathic pain Noggin spinal cord injury

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The COVID-19 pandemic and Elimination of Tuberculosis in China

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China CDC weekly 2021年第12期3卷 260-264页

作者： Daniel p.Chin Global Health programBill&Melinda Gates Foundation

One of the best kept secrets in global public health ishow China achieved the tuberculosis(TB)targets inthe United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals(MDG).The MDG’s TB targets were to reduce theprevalence and mortality of TB by 50%between 1990and *** 2010,China had reduced its TBprevalence and mortality by 65%and 80%,(1−2)which meant China exceeded the MDG targets 5 yearsbefore the MDG deadline.

关键词： mortality prevalence tuberculosis

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Isolation of Actinomycetes for Antibiotic Screening

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中国抗生素杂志 1989年第6期 452-465页

作者： Grace p.Li kalamazoo Michigan 49001USA Research Laboratories The Upjohn Company

Actinomycetes are a prolific source of antibiotics, enzymes, and enzyme *** programs in the past have concentrated mainly on species of the genusStreptomyces. However, discovery of valuable antibiotics such as gentamicin producedby Micromonospora purpurea and other Micromonospora species, rifamycins by Amycolatopsis(formerly Nocardia) mediterrane, and the anticoccidial compound CL259,971, a potentpolyether ronophore produced by Actinomadura yumaense has shown the antibiotic-producingpotential of other genera of Actinomycetales. This communication describes the methodologiesused for the selective isolation of organisms belonging to specific actinomycete genera.

关键词： In Isolation of Actinomycetes for Antibiotic Screening

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Effects of second diffusing component and cross diffusion on primary and secondary thermoconvective instabilities in couple stress liquids

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第11期38卷 1579-1600页

作者： R.RAVI C.kANCHANA p.G.SIDDHESHWAR Department of Humanities and Sciences National Institute of Technology GoaGoa 403401India Department of Mathematics Jnana Bharathi CampusBangalore UniversityBangalore 560056India

Linear and weakly nonlinear analyses are made for the Rayleigh-Benard convection in two-component couple-stress liquids with the Soret effect. Conditions for pitchfork, Hopf, Takens-Bogdanov, and codimension-two bifurcations are presented. The Lorenz model is used to study the inverted bifurcation. positive values of the Soret coefficient favor a pitchfork bifurcation, whereas negative values favor a Hopf bifurcation. Takens-Bogdanov and codimension-two bifurcations are not as much influenced by the Soret coefficient as pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations. The influence of the Soret coefficient on the inverted bifurcation is similar to the influence on the pitchfork bifurcation. The in- fluence of other parameters on the aforementioned bifurcations is also similar as reported earlier in the literature. Using the Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation, the condition for occurrence of Eckhaus and zigzag secondary instabilities is obtained. The domain of ap- pearance of Eckhaus and zigzag instabilities expands due to the presence of the Soret coefficient for positive values. The Soret coefficient with negative values enhances heat transport, while positive values diminish it in comparison with heat transport for the case without the Soret effect. The dual nature of other parameters in influencing heat and mass transport is shown by considering positive and negative values of the Soret coefficient.

关键词： codimension-two Eckhaus inverted Lorenz Newell-Whitehead-Segel,Nusselt number Rayleigh-B^nard secondary instability Sherwood number Takens-Bogdanov zigzag

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pancreatic Castleman disease treated with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

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Hepatobiliary & pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第3期12卷 332-334页

作者： Filip ecka Alexander Ferko Bohumil Jon Zdeněk ubrt petra kaparová Rudolf Repák Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové Department of Field Surgery Military Health Science Faculty Hradec Králové Defence University Brno Fingerland Department of pathology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové Second Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové

BACkGROUND: Castleman disease is an uncommon lympho-proliferative disorder most frequently occurring in the mediastinum. Abdominal forms are less frequent, with pancreatic localization of the disease in particular being extremely rare. Only seventeen cases have been described in the world literature. METHOD: This report describes an interesting and unusual case of pancreatic Castleman disease treated with laparoscopic resection. RESULTS: A 48-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain. CT scan showed a well-encapsulated mass on the ventral border of the pancreas. Endosonography with fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed. Biopsy showed lymphoid elements and structures of a normal lymph node. The patient was treated with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. The pancreas was transected with a Ligasure device and the pancreatic stump was secured with a manual suture. One year after surgery the patient was complaint-free and showed no signs of recurrence of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is a feasible and safe method for the treatment of lesions in the body and tail of the pancreas. Transection of the pancreas with a Ligasure device offers the advantages of low bleeding and low risk of pancreatic fistula.

关键词： Castleman disease pancreas laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy Ligasure

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