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Impacts of PI3k.protein k.nase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez maría Fernanda González Ana maría Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytok.nes,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-k.nase(PI3k./protein k.nase B(Ak.)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3k.Ak./mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3k.Ak./connexin 43,and Notch/PI3k.Ak. *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3k.Ak. cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3k.Ak. pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-k.nase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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The Fibrillar Matrix:Novel Avenues for Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment

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Engineering 2021年第10期7卷 1375-1380页

作者： Rasha Rezk.Raquel marín-García Annica k.B.Gad Weston Park.Cancer Centre Department of Oncology and MetabolismThe Medical SchoolThe University of SheffieldSheffield S102RXUnited Kingdom Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUnited Kingdom Madeira Chemistry Research Center University of MadeiraFunchal 9020105Portugal

Breast cancer is mark.d by large increases in the protein fibers around tumor *** fibers increase the mechanical stiffness of the tissue,which has long been used for tumor diagnosis by manual *** research in bioengineering has led to the development of novel biomaterials that model the mechanical and architectural properties of the tumor microenvironment and can be used to understand how these cues regulate the growth and spread of breast ***,we provide an overview of how the mechanical properties of breast tumor tissues differ from those of normal breast tissue and noncancerous *** also describe how biomaterial models mak. it possible to understand how the stiffness and viscosity of the extracellular environment regulate cell migration and breast cancer *** highlight the need for biomaterial models that allow independent analysis of the individual and different mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment and that use cells derived from different regions within *** models will guide the development of novel mechano-based therapies against breast cancer metastasis.

关键词： Breast cancer Tissue stiffness Cancer metastasis Cell migration Bioengineered scaffold Viscosity

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How large are the extinct giant insular rodents? New body mass estimations from teeth and bones

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 197-212页

作者： Blanca MONCUNILL-SOLÉ Xavier JORDANA Nek.ne marÍN-MORATALLA Salvador MOYÀ-SOLÀ Meik. k.HLER Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain ICREA at Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Department of Ecology University of BarcelonaSpain

The island rule entails a modification of the body size of insular mammals,a character related with numerous biological and ecological *** the Miocene to human colonization(Holocene),Mediterranean and Canary Islands were unaltered natural ecosystems,with paleofaunas formed with endemic giant rodents among other *** aim is to create methods to estimate the body masses of fossil island rodents and address the nature of ecological pressures driving the island *** created regression equations based on extant ro-dent data and used these to estimate the body masses of the extinct *** results show strong correlations between teeth,cranial and postcranial measurements and body mass,except for the length of the long bones,the transversal diameter of the distal tibia and the anteroposterior diameter of the proximal tibia,where the equa-tions were less *** use of equations obtained from a more homogeneous group(suborder and family)is preferable when analyzing the area of the first *** new regressions were applied to estimate the body masses of some Mediterranean and Canarian fossil rodents(Canariomys,*** 1.5 k. and *** 1 k.;Hypnomys,*** 230 g and *** 200 g;and Muscardinus cyclopeus 100 g).Our results indi-cate that under absence of predation,resource availability(island area)is the k.y factor that determines the size of the Canariomys ***,under presence of specialized predators(birds of prey),body size evolution is less pronounced(Hypnomys sp.).

关键词： body mass Canariomys Hypnomys island rule Muscardinus cyclopeus

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Influence of La3+ ion in the yttria matrix in improving the microhardness of infrared transparent nano LaxY2-xO3 sintered via hybrid heating

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2017年第3期6卷 240-250页

作者： Jijimon k. THOMAS Mathew C. T. Jacob k.SHY Sam SOLOMON Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics Mar Ivanios College Thiruvananthapuram 695015 Kerala India

In the present work. hybrid sintering technique which couples the resistive heating and microwave heating is employed to sinter infrared transparent La0.15Y1.85O3 to 99.2% of the theoretical density for the first time to the best of our k.owledge. The presence of La3+ in the yttria matrix improves the hardness properties to a greater extent without affecting the transmittance properties, but there is a deterioration in the thermal properties of the sample. So we have limited our studies to La0.15Y1.85O3 which shows better optical, thermal, and hardness properties. The pellets fabricated from the ultra-fine nano powder with average particle size of ~12 nm synthesized by combustion technique and sintered at 1430 ℃ with an average grain size of 0.22 μm show ~80.1% transmittance in the UV–visible region and 81% in mid infrared region. For a comparative study of the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties, two other variants of sintering strategies namely conventional sintering and microwave sintering are also employed. A comprehensive analysis on the hardness reveals that the hardness of the pellets sintered via hybrid heating is 9.73 GPa and is superior to the pellets sintered using the other two techniques. The thermal conductivity of the sample is also analyzed in detail. The results clearly indicate that the La0.15Y1.85O3 ultra-fine nano powder synthesised by the single-step combustion method and sintered via microwave hybrid heating shows better transmittance properties without compromising the mechanical properties, and can be used very effectively for the fabrication of infrared transparent windows and domes.

关键词： La3+ concentration microhardness hybrid sintering infrared transparent ceramics thermal conductivity

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Direct Determination of Polychlorinated-Biphenyls in Automotive Shredder Residues by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2013年第2期3卷 90-97页

作者： maría de los D. E. Otero Mohamed N. k. Sayadi Luis maría Polo Díez Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain Mass Spectrometry Unit Faculty of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain

An easy and rapid method is proposed for the determination of PCBs in automotive shredder residues, using gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is based on direct n-hexane solid-liquid extraction, subtracting back.round of the lineal aliphatic hydrocarbon interferences and integration of chromatographic peak. containing selected ion PCBs masses (256, 292 and 326 m/z), which are common in all PCBs formulations. Recoveries were in the 80% - 120% range;PCBs were detected and quantified in shredder samples from an automotive shredder industry, thus indicating the validity of the method.

关键词： PCBs Solid-Liquid Extraction Automotive Shredder Residues Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

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Thismia tentaculata(Burmanniaceae tribe Thismieae) from Hong k.ng:first record of the genus and tribe from continental China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第6期47卷 605-607页

作者： George W.C.HO Shek.Shing mar Richard M.k.SAUNDERS 812 Fu Yuen HouseChuk Yuen South EstateHong KongChina Ying Wa College Hong KongChina Division of Ecology and Biodiversity School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong

Populations of Thismia tentaculata(Burmanniaceae tribe Thismieae) are described and illustrated from Tai Mo Shan in Hong k.ng,southern *** represents the first report of the genus and tribe from continental China.

关键词： Burmanniaceae Hong k.ng new record Thismiaceae Thismia tentaculata

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Within-brood body size and immunological differences in Blue Tit(Cyanistes caeruleus)nestlings relative to ectoparasitism

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 362-368页

作者： Jorge Garrido-Bautista Antonio Soria Cristina E.Trenzado Amalia Pérez-Jiménez Eliana Pintus José Luis Ros-Santaella Nicola Bernardo mar Comas Stanislav k.lencík.Gregorio Moreno-Rueda Departamento de Zoología Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain Departamento de Biología Celular Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýck a 12916500Prague 6SuchdolCzech Republic Estaci on Biol ogica de Do~nana EBD-CSICAv.Am erico Vespucio 2641092SevilleSpain Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth CollegeNH03755HanoverUSA Department of Biology University of NevadaNV89557RenoUSA

Several ectoparasites parasitise nestlings decreasing their body condition,growth and *** minimise any loss of fitness due to ectoparasites,birds have developed a wide variety of defence mechanisms,potentially including hatching *** to the Tasty Chick.Hypothesis(TCH),the cost of parasitism would be reduced if ectoparasites tend to eat on less immunocompetent nestlings,typically the last-hatched chick.in asynchronously hatched broods,as they are in poor body *** predictions of the TCH are that immune capacity is lower in smaller nestlings than in larger ones and that parasites should provok. a more negative effect on smaller ***,we test these predictions in a population of Blue Tits(Cyanistes caeruleus)whose broods are parasitised by Hen Fleas(Ceratophyllus gallinae)and Blowflies(Protocalliphora azurea).We recorded the presence of both ectoparasites and analysed the immunocompetence(number of leucocytes per 10,000 erythrocytes and cutaneous immune response to phytohaemagglutinin)and body condition of smaller and larger nestlings within individual *** leucocyte count was higher in smaller nestlings than in larger ones,whereas the cutaneous immune response did not differ between smaller and larger *** nestlings,but not larger nestlings,had lower body mass when fleas were ***,by contrast,had no detectable negative effect on ***,our findings provide partial support to the *** immune capacity in smaller nestlings than in larger ones was not supported,but Hen Fleas seemed to negatively impact on smaller nestlings more than on larger ones.

关键词： Blowflies Blue tit Cyanistes caeruelus Ectoparasites Hen fleas Immunocompetence Tasty Chick.Hypothesis

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Copper-based oxygen carriers supported with alumina/lime for the chemical looping conversion of gaseous fuels

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第5期26卷 891-901页

作者： Syed k.Haider maría Erans Felix Donat Lunbo Duan Stuart A Scott Vasilije Manovic Edward J Anthony Combustion and CCS Centre Cranfield UniversityBedfordshire MK43 0ALUK k.y Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096JiangsuChina Department of Engineering University of CambridgeTrumpington StreetCambridgeUK

Copper（Ⅱ） oxide in varying ratios was combined with either an alumina-based cement（Al300）, or CaO derived from limestone as support material in a mechanical pelletiser. This production method was used to investigate its influence on possible mechanical and chemical improvements for oxygen carriers in chemical looping processes. These materials were tested in a lab-scale fluidised bed with CO or CH;as a reducing gas at 950 °C. As expected, the oxygen carriers containing a greater ratio of support material exhibited an enhanced crushing strength. Oxygen carriers comprised of a 1:3 ratio of support material to active CuO exhibited increased crushing strength by a minimum of 280% compared to pure CuO *** oxygen carriers exhibited a high CO conversion yield and were fully reducible from CuO to Cu. For the initial redox cycle, Al300-supported oxygen carriers showed the highest fuel and oxygen carrier conversion. The general trend observed was a decline in conversion with an increasing number of redox *** the case of CaO-supported oxygen carriers, all but one of the oxygen carriers suffered *** agglomeration was more severe in carriers with higher ratios of CuO. Oxygen carrier Cu25Al75（75 wt% aluminate cement and 25 wt% CuO）, which did not suffer from agglomeration, showed the highest attrition with a loss of approximately 8% of its initial mass over 25 redox cycles. The reducibility of the oxygen carriers was limited with CH;in comparison to CO. CH;conversion were 15%-25% and 50% for Cu25Ca75（25 wt% CuO and 75 wt% CaO） and Cu25Al75, respectively. Cu25Ca75 demonstrated improved conversion, whereas Cu25Al75 exhibited a trending decrease in conversion with increasing redox cycles.

关键词： Chemical-looping Oxygen carrier Copper Carbon capture

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Geomorphic indices and relative tectonic uplift in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican forearc

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第4期8卷 885-902页

作者： k.zysztof Gaidzik.maría Teresa Ramírez-Herrera Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental & Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad Universitaria Berk.ley Seismological Laboratory Department of Earth and Planetary ScienceUniversity of California Berkeley

Tectonically active areas,such as forearc regions,commonly show contrasting relief,differential tectonic uplift,variations in erosion rates,in river incision,and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic ***,information on the tectonic activity of a defined area could be derived via landscape *** study uses topography and geomorphic indices to extract signals of ongoing tectonic deformation along the Mexican subduction forearc within the Guerrero *** this purpose,we use field data,topographical data,k.ick.oints,the ratio of volume to area（Rva）.the stream-length gradient index（St）,and the normalized channel steepness index（k.（sn））.The results of the applied landscape analysis reveal considerable variations in relief,topography and geomorphic indices values along the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction *** argue that the reported differences are indicative of tectonic deformation and of variations in relative tectonic uplift along the studied forearc.A significant drop from central and eastern parts of the study area towards the west in values of R_（VA）（from ~500 to^300）,St（from ~500 to ca.400）,maximum St（from ~1500-2500 to ~ 1000） and k.（sn）（from ~150 to ~100） denotes a decrease in relative tectonic uplift in the same *** suggest that applied geomorphic indices values and forearc topography are independent of climate and *** mechanisms responsible for the observed variations and inferred changes in relative forearc tectonic uplift call for further studies that explain the physical processes that control the forearc along strik. uplift variations and that determine the rates of *** proposed methodology and results obtained through this study could prove useful to scientists who study the geomorphology of forearc regions and active subduction zones.

关键词： Relative tectonic uplift Forearc Active tectonics Geomorphic index Drainage network.Mexican subduction zone

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Optimized combinations of statins and azoles against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts in vitro

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第6期12卷 283-287页

作者： Ines Sifaoui Carmen M martín-Navarro Atteneri López-Arencibia maría Reyes-Batlle Basilio Valladares JoséE.Pinero Sutherland k.Maciver Jacob Lorenzo-Morales University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands University of La LagunaCanary IslandsSpain Centre for Integrative Physiology Biomedical SciencesEdinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghScotlandUK

Objective: To evaluate the combination of several statins(atorvastatin, fluvastatin and simvastatin) and azoles(voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole) against Acanthamoeba spp. Methods: The efficiency of the different drug combinations against the trophozoite stage of different Acanthamoeba strains were evaluated by Alamar Blue assay. Effect on the cyst stage was observed by inverted microscope. Cytotoxicity of combinations of azoles and statins was evaluated by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase from a murine macrophage cell line. Results: Combinations of any of the tested statins and voriconazole or posaconazole were more efficient in inhibiting Acanthamoeba compared to statins or azoles individually. The drug combinations at the combined inhibitory concentrations 50% showed lower toxicity compared to that of the compounds ***: The combinations of statins together with voriconazole and posaconazole are more efficient than these drugs alone, and these combinations have lower cytotoxicity in mammalian cell lines.

关键词： k.ratitis Voriconazole Posaconazole Atorvastatin Fluvastatin Simvastatin

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