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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第3期13卷 200-205页

作者： L.k.Gite A.Anandaraj R.S.Deodhar D.k.Joshi k.m.rajan Armament Research Development Establishment (ARDE) Defence Research Development Organization Ministry of Defence Government of India

Submunitions should exhibit optimum terminal performance at target end when released from certain pre-determined height. Selection of an optimum height of release of the submunitions depends on the terminal parameters like forward throw, remaining velocity, impact angle and flight time. In this paper,the effects of initial firing conditions and height of release on terminal performance of submunitions discussed in detail. For different height of release, the relation between range and forward throw is also established & validated for a number of firing altitude and rocket configurations.

关键词：最佳高度终端子弹性能射击剩余速度飞行时间冲击角

Quantification of projection angle in fragment generator warhead

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2014年第2期10卷 177-183页

作者： k.D.DHOTE k.P.S.mURTHY k.m.rajan m.m.SUCHEENDRAN Armament Research and Development Establishment(ARDE) Department of Aerospace Engineering.Defence Institute of Advanced Technology

Tactical Ballistic missile(TBm) class target neutralization by the fragment spray of a Fragment Generator Warhead(FGW) calls for quantification of fragment projection angle scatter to finalize the end game engagement *** conventional axi-symmetric warhead,dispersion is assumed to be normal with a standard deviation of 3~***,such information is not available in case of ***,a set of experiments are conducted to determine the dispersion of *** experiments are conducted with a specific configuration of FGW in an identical arena to quantify the scatter and then verified its applicability to other configurations having a range of L/D and C/m ratios,and contoured fragmenting *** the experimental study,it is concluded that the scatter in projection angle follows normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.75° at Chi-square significance level of 0.01(x_(0.99)~2).

关键词：投影角度量化弹头发生器战术弹道导弹标准偏差正态分布分散体

Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye Vesh R.Thapa rajan Ghimire New mexico State University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New mexico State University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(mAOm-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POm-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(m)sampling compared to ST,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOC at 7,14,and 26m samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and *** associated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** mOAm-C and POm-C under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 m after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occasional tillage Aggregate associated carbon mineral associated organic matter carbon(mAOm-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POm-C)

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尼泊尔桑可西河流域新格地子流域滑坡评价

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第2期15卷 431-438页

作者： BASNET Bhuwan JOSHI Rajeev SHARmA Ram Prasad SUBEDI rajan 特里布万大学林业研究所(博卡拉校区) 尼泊尔博卡拉33700 尼泊尔农林大学自然资源管理学院林学系尼泊尔卡塔里56310

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害,主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡,下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失,并导致生态系统生产力和功... 详细信息

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害,主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡,下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失,并导致生态系统生产力和功能下降,河道泥沙淤积。土地利用与土地覆被、地形、道路、排水、地质环境和降雨等多种空间因素与滑坡的发生紧密相关,并决定了该地区滑坡的易感性。了解滑坡现象及其引发的相关因素,对于采取适当的预防、控制和恢复措施至关重要。本研究在尼泊尔桑科西河流域的新格地子流域进行,旨在了解滑坡危害、引发的相关因素以及为最大限度地减少可能的危害而采取的最佳预防策略。滑坡评估是通过使用时序谷歌影像和实地调查,对滑坡体进行识别和数字化来进行的。利用GIS软件对滑坡危险性进行评估,编制影响因子图,并对现场观测数据进行分析的基础上,计算了滑坡的规模。此外,在相关家庭的问卷调查(n=60)中,进行目的性抽样,探讨人们对山体滑坡、对生计资产的主要影响因素的看法。并采用Friedman非参数检验评估滑坡对当地人感知的最主要影响因素。根据现场调查,在研究区域的不同位置共调查了46处滑坡体,滑坡总面积为4.77km^(2)。通过使用Friedman检验的比较矩阵分析,本研究确定了滑坡发生的主要原因是农村道路、施工、边坡因素、降雨和土地利用与土地覆被。距离道路200-500 m造成最高比率的滑坡灾害,东南方向坡度30°-45°的山体对滑坡的易感性最高。与其他土地利用相比,因为在林内松软地区修建道路,茂密的森林更易受到山体滑坡的影响。比较道路建设前后滑坡的影响,约80%的受访者认为对滑坡有重要影响。

关键词：滑坡灾害滑坡评估滑坡因素分析

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi maria de Fatima Andrade maria Athanassiadou kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo matthew C.Hort madhusudan katti Thomas Rodding kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano maselli Locosselli Shelagh k.malham Lidia morawska rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Uk Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Role of Ag microalloying on glass forming ability and crystallization kinetics of ZrCoAgAlNi amorphous alloy

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第1期30卷 471-476页

作者： A Surendar k Geetha C rajan m Alaazim Department of Pharmacology Saveetha Dental College and HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia CSE Excel Engineering CollegePallakapalayamKomarapalayam637303India IT K S Rangasamy College of Technology TiruchengodeNamakkalTamil Nadu 637215India Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta(UMS)Indonesia

Bulk metallic glasses(BmGs) with new chemical compositions(ZrCoAgAlNi) were fabricated and the effects of Ag minor addition on the glass forming ability(GFA) and crystallization kinetics were studied. The x-ray diffraction(XRD) test was applied to identify the amorphousness of BmGs or possible crystalline phases. Using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), the thermal stability and crystallization kinetics under a non-isothermal condition at the different heating rates were studied. Considering the heating rate dependency of glass transition and crystallization kinetics, the activation energy was evaluated and measured for the mentioned processes. It was revealed that the rise in Ag content led to the decrease in activation energy for glass transition, while the activation energy for crystallization increased. The thermal stability and GFA were also studied and it was found that the Ag addition strongly affected the inherent features of BmGs. With the increase in Ag content, the atomic mobility and structural rearrangement changed in the material and consequently, the GFA and thermal stability were significantly improved.

关键词： bulk metallic glass materials design crystallization kinetics glass forming ability

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第4期7卷 321-326页

作者： H.I.Abdel-Gawad m.Tantawy m.S.mani rajan Department of mathematics Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of EngineeringOctober 6 UniversityGizaEgypt Department of Physics University College of EngineeringAnna UniversityRamanathapuramIndia

The oscillatory motion on the ocean surface is a combination of a variety of different types of *** regularized waves are among ***,it is shown that they arise as solutions of the(1+2)-dimensional Benjamin-Bona-mahony equation(BBmE).Numerous works on(1+1)-dimensional BBmE were carried in the *** this paper,we consider the(1+2)-dimensional non-autonomous BBmE,with time-dependent *** model equation is completely *** objective is to find the exact solutions and investigate the relevant *** solve this issue,the extended unified method is used to find the exact solutions in the form of semi-self similar and self similar *** solve this issue,simi-larity transformations are ***,the generalized unified methods(GUm)are also used in the symbolic *** numerical results of these solutions are evaluated and are shown *** wave patterns of regularized waves in shallow water,near ocean shores,are ***-tory waves and vector of lumps with troughs are *** time-dependent coefficients are used,here,to control the different wave patterns that take the forms of the multi-U shaped wave with basins with a *** pattern formation occurs,which is in the form of two layers of lumps with *** tunneling is also *** waves patterns are *** stability of the steady state solutions is *** is found that the stability depends significantly on the dispersion coefficient.

关键词： (1+2)-dimensional Benjamin-Bona-mahony equation Extended unified method Wave patterns Similariton solutions

尼泊尔桑可西河流域新格地子流域滑坡评价（英文）

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第2期 431-438页

作者： BASNET Bhuwan JOSHI Rajeev SHARmA Ram Prasad SUBEDI rajan 特里布万大学林业研究所(博卡拉校区) 尼泊尔农林大学自然资源管理学院林学系

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害，主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡，下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失，并导致生态系统生产力和... 详细信息

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害，主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡，下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失，并导致生态系统生产力和功能下降，河道泥沙淤积。土地利用与土地覆被、地形、道路、排水、地质环境和降雨等多种空间因素与滑坡的发生紧密相关，并决定了该地区滑坡的易感性。了解滑坡现象及其引发的相关因素，对于采取适当的预防、控制和恢复措施至关重要。本研究在尼泊尔桑科西河流域的新格地子流域进行，旨在了解滑坡危害、引发的相关因素以及为最大限度地减少可能的危害而采取的最佳预防策略。滑坡评估是通过使用时序谷歌影像和实地调查，对滑坡体进行识别和数字化来进行的。利用GIS软件对滑坡危险性进行评估，编制影响因子图，并对现场观测数据进行分析的基础上，计算了滑坡的规模。此外，在相关家庭的问卷调查(n=60)中，进行目的性抽样，探讨人们对山体滑坡、对生计资产的主要影响因素的看法。并采用Friedman非参数检验评估滑坡对当地人感知的最主要影响因素。根据现场调查，在研究区域的不同位置共调查了46处滑坡体，滑坡总面积为4.77km2。通过使用Friedman检验的比较矩阵分析，本研究确定了滑坡发生的主要原因是农村道路、施工、边坡因素、降雨和土地利用与土地覆被。距离道路200-500 m造成最高比率的滑坡灾害，东南方向坡度30°-45°的山体对滑坡的易感性最高。与其他土地利用相比，因为在林内松软地区修建道路，茂密的森林更易受到山体滑坡的影响。比较道路建设前后滑坡的影响，约80%的受访者认为对滑坡有重要影响。

关键词：滑坡灾害滑坡评估滑坡因素分析

Integrated Nutrient management Improves Productivity and Quality of Sugarcane(Saccharum Officinarum L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第2期91卷 439-469页

作者： md.Shamsul Arefin md.Ariful Islam md.mokhlesur Rahman md.Abdul Alim Sabry Hassan mahmoud F.k.Soliman mohamed m.Hassan rajan Bhatt Akbar Hossain Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research InstituteIshurdi6620Bangladesh On-Farm Research Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstitutePabna6600Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Chemistry Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Nature Conservation Sector Egyptian Environmental Affairs AgencyCairo11728Egypt Regional Research Station Panjab Agricultural UniversityKapurthala144601India Bangladesh Wheat and maize Research Institute Dinajpur5200Bangladesh

Sugarcane is one of the major important sugar yielding crops in *** an exhaustive crop,sugarcane removes a huge amount of plant nutrients from the ***,the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers can be a good approach to deal with nutrient depletion and promote sustainable crop production as well as improve soil ***,an attempt was made to identify the most fruitful and profitable integrated nutrient management on the aspects of growth,yield and quality of sugarcane in two consecutive growing *** treatments:T_(1)=Control,T_(2)=165:55:120:30:10:2.5:4 kg N:P:k:S:mg:Zn:B ha^(−1),T_(3)=Poultry Litter(PL)at 5 t ha^(−1)+95:51:87:9:10:2.5:4 kg N:P:k:S:mg:Zn:B ha^(−1),T_(4)=Cow Dung(CD)at 15 t ha^(−1)+36:52:60:17:10:2.5:4 kg N:P:k:S:mg:Zn:B ha^(−1),T_(5)=Press mud(Pm)at 15 t ha^(−1)+10:50:43:0:10:2.5:4 kg N:P:k:S:mg:Zn:B ha^(−1),T_(6)=mustard Oil Cake(mOC)at 0.5 t ha^(−1)+140:54:115:25:10:2.5:4 kg N:P:k:S:mg:Zn:B ha^(−1)and T_(7)=Gm(Green manure)at 5 t ha^(−1)+140:53:100:28:10:2.5:4 kg N:P:k:S:mg:Zn:B ha^(−1)were used in this *** years data showed that treatment T_(3)produced the maximum amount of tillers,total dry matter yield,millable sugarcane,cane yield and sugar yield,followed by the T_(4)*** highest stalk heights were recorded in the T_(3)treatment,which was statistically similar to all other treatments except T_(1)and T_(2).The juice quality parameters viz.,brix and pol in cane were found significant in treatment T_(3)while the highest purity was obtained in the T_(7)*** the data of Jaggery(goor)quality parameters,the highest sucrose content,color transmittance,Jaggery(goor)recovery and the lowest ash content of Jaggery(goor)were observed in the T_(3)treatment,which was statistically similar to the T_(4)treatment in both *** highest cost of production was obtained from the T_(6)treatment while the highest gross return,net return and BCR were recorded in the T_(3)*** sig

关键词： Nutrient fertilizer growth physiology yield quality sugarcane

Sizing of hybrid PmSG-PV system for battery charging of electric vehicles

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第1期9卷 68-74页

作者： m. m. rajan SINGARAVEL S. ARUL DANIEL Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Instituteof Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India

The number of electric vehicles are increasing in the society as they are considered as zero emission vehicles and also because conventional fuels are becoming expensive. Additional electrical power should be produced to meet the energy requirement of this increase in electric vehicle population. To use the existing grid infrastructure without any failure, installing distributed generator at secondary distribution network is essential. In this work, sizing of wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator photovoltaic hybrid distributed generating system has been attempted to meet the energy demand of electric vehicles of a particular residential area. Different feasible combinations for wind generator capacity and photovoltaic capacity are obtained to satisfy the additional energy requirement. Results are analyzed based on energy, financial payback periods and daily power profile of the hybrid system. Based on this analysis, the sizes of wind generator and photovoltaic array have been chosen to meet the energy demand of electric vehicles of that particular residential locality.

关键词： electric vehicles hybrid PmSG-PV system,smart grid