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Interannual and Seasonal Changes in the Ice Cover of Glacial Lakes in the Snowy Mountains of Australia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第5期8卷 655-663页

作者： k.green National Parks and Wildlife Service Snowy Mountains Region PO Box 2228 Jindabyne NSW 2627 Australia

Seasonal ice cover is uncommon on Australian lakes. In the Snowy Mountains, there are five natural, seasonally ice-covered lakes including Lake Cootapatamba, the highest lake in Australia. Blue Lake is the only one of the five lakes with sufficient volume to be relatively independent of short-term changes in ambient temperature, and therefore is the lake most likely to be of use in tracking long-term regional climate change. Ice forms on Blue Lake near the winter solstice and ice-breakup occurs from late September to November. Timing of breakup is related to spring temperature and, as such, mirrors the timing of general snow thaw in the mountains. The existence of historic photographs taken of the lake at about the time of ice breakup allows for the possibility of reconstructing a history of alpine climate and in 1905 ice breakup was probably as late as mid-December.

关键词： Climate change Mountain lakes Tarn

Challenges with Disaster Mortality Data and Measuring Progress Towards the Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 449-461页

作者： Helen k.green Oliver Lysaght Dell D.Saulnier kevin Blanchard Alistair Humphrey Bapon Fakhruddin Virginia Murray Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch 8140New Zealand Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Resilience Tonkin+TaylorAuckland 1141New Zealand

Disasters exact a heavy toll ***,the degree to which we can accurately quantify their impact,in particular mortality,remains *** is critical to ensure that disaster data reliably reflects the scale,type,and distribution of disaster impacts given the role of data in:(1)risk assessments;(2)developing disaster risk management programs;(3)determining the resources for response to emergencies;(4)the types of action undertaken in planning for prevention and preparedness;and(5)identifying research *** Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 s seven global disaster-impact reduction targets represent the first international attempt to systematically measure the effectiveness of disaster-impact reduction as a means of better informing policy with *** A of the Sendai Framework aims to‘‘substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030,aiming to lower the average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015.’’This article provides an overview of the complexities associated with defining,reporting,and interpreting disaster mortality data used for gauging success in meeting Target A,acknowledging different challenges for different types of hazard events and subsequent *** concludes with suggestions of how to address these challenges to inform the public health utility of monitoring through the Sendai Framework.

关键词： Data Disaster mortality Disaster risk management Disaster risk reduction Mass casualty Sendai Framework

NMR位移试剂Eu(fod)_4^-对锍盐~1H和^(13)C NMR的影响

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有机化学 1998年第1期18卷 76-81页

作者：王磊 Thomas k.green 淮北煤炭师范学院化学系 Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenKentucky 42101 U.S.A.

合成了八种新的四氟硼酸二甲基苯基锍,用元素分析和核磁共振对其结构进行了表征。研究了以CDCl_3溶剂,NMR位移试剂Eu(fod)_4^-对所合成锍盐的~1H和^(13)C NMR的影响。结果表明,Eu(fod)_4^-是一个对锍盐非常有效的位移试剂,且Eu(fod)_4^... 详细信息

合成了八种新的四氟硼酸二甲基苯基锍,用元素分析和核磁共振对其结构进行了表征。研究了以CDCl_3溶剂,NMR位移试剂Eu(fod)_4^-对所合成锍盐的~1H和^(13)C NMR的影响。结果表明,Eu(fod)_4^-是一个对锍盐非常有效的位移试剂,且Eu(fod)_4^-对二甲基苯基锍盐之甲基的~1H和^(13)C NMR的位移呈线性关系。

关键词：二甲基苯基 NMR 位移试剂锍盐 Eu(fod)4^- 铕

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硫醚中碳硫键室温选择性断裂反应的研究

有机化学 1996年第6期16卷 507-513页

作者：王磊 Thomas k.green 淮北煤炭师范学院化学系 Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky 42101 U. S. A.

本文研究了在四氟硼酸银存在下,硫醚与碘甲烷室温下发生碳硫键选择性断裂反应。研究结果表明:只有当二苄基硫醚的苯环对位连有强的供电子基团甲氧基时,方可发生碳硫键的断裂。提出了一个离子型反应机理且碳硫键的断裂分三步完成。首先,... 详细信息

本文研究了在四氟硼酸银存在下,硫醚与碘甲烷室温下发生碳硫键选择性断裂反应。研究结果表明:只有当二苄基硫醚的苯环对位连有强的供电子基团甲氧基时,方可发生碳硫键的断裂。提出了一个离子型反应机理且碳硫键的断裂分三步完成。首先,硫醚与甲基化试剂反应生成甲基锍盐;继而,此锍离子离解成由苄基碳正离子和硫醚组成的离子—偶极集合物;最后,甲基化试剂再进攻集合物中的硫醚,从而导致碳硫键的断裂。

关键词：硫醚碳硫键断裂选择性

Recent Advances of Research on Tomato Late Blight, Bacterial Wilt and Begomovirus at AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center

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Recent Advances of Research on Tomato Late Blight, Bacterial...

An examination of thematic research,development,and trends in remote sensing applied to conservation agriculture

中国植物病理学会2008年学术年会

作者： Tien-Cheng Wang Chien-Hua Chen Jaw-Fen Wang Fang-I Ho Peter Hanson Jen-Tzu Chen Wen-Shi Tsai Sylvia k.green AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most destructive tomato diseases in Taiwan. To monitor change in the pathogen’s development, 706 isolates of P. infestans, including 40 isolates from potato, were collected in Taiwan from 1991 to 2007. These isolates were analyzed by phenotype and genotype characterization. A dramatic genetic shift occurred in the population of P infestans during Taiwan’s 1997-1998 cool growing season. Most isolates obtained after 1998 were non host-specific. Metalaxyl sensitivity of the isolates changed from sensitive/intermediate before 1997 to resistant after 1998. Isolates obtained before 1997 were all US-1 clonal lineage. During the 1997-1998 cool growing season, the US-11 clonal lineage appeared, possibly introduced on table potatoes imported from the USA. The new lineage spread rapidly and since 1999 has almost completely displaced the old population in Taiwan. All isolates were of the A1 mating type by pairing with P. parasitica. Ten tomato physiological races were identified. A total of 74 sources resistant to race T1,2 were identified from 1783 wild tomato accessions. Among them, accessions L3683, L3684, L3707 and L3708 were confirmed to have durable resistance in multilocation tests. Inheritance studies on CLN657 BCF-274-0-15-4×L3708 and Moneymaker×L3684 indicated the resistance is partially dominant and is inherited as a monogenic trait in both L3708 and L3684. L3708 was used as the donor parent and resistance was introgressed into tomato by backcrossing and selection with a race T1,2 isolate. Six BC3F6 inbred lines, SRE-2037B, C, E, G, H, I and five F populations (FMTT791-795) were selected carrying the Ph-3 gene and exhibited high resistance to race T1,2 with good horticultural traits. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of tomato production in warm and humid regions worldwide. R. solanacearum is a species complex. All the 158 strains isolated from various host plants in T

关键词： Solanum lycopercicum resistance breeding physiological race quantitative trait loci tomato-infecting begomoviruses

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 77-95页

作者： Zobaer Ahmed Aaron Shew Lawton Nalley Michael Popp V.Steven green kristofor Brye Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Environmental Dynamics Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA College of Agriculture Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Little RockARUSA Department of Crop Soiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA

Conservation agriculture seeks to reduce environmental degradation through sustainable management of agricultural *** the 1990s,agricultural research has been conducted using remote sensing technologies;however,few previous reviews have been conducted focused on different conservation management *** of the previous literature has focused on the application of remote sensing in agriculture without focusing exclusively on conservation practices,with some only providing a narrative review,others using biophysical remote sensing for quantitative estimates of the bio-geo-chemical-physical properties of soils and crops,and few others focused on single agricultural management *** paper used the preferred reporting items for systematic review(PRISMA)methodology to examine the last 30 years of thematic research,development,and trends associated with remote sensing technologies and methods applied to conservation agriculture research at various spatial and temporal scales.A set of predefined key concepts and keywords were applied in three databases:Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.A total of 188 articles were compiled for initial examination,where 68 articles were selected for final analysis and grouped into cover crops,crop residue,crop rotation,mulching,and tillage *** on conservation agriculture research using remote sensing have been increasing since 1991 and peaked at 10 publications in *** the 68 articles,94%used a pixel-based,while only 6%used an object-based classification *** to 2005,tillage practices were abundantly studied,then crop residue was a focused theme between 2004 and *** 2012 to 2020,the focus shifted again to cover *** spectral indices were used in 76%of the 68 *** examination offered a summary of the new potential and identifies crucial future research needs and directions that could improve the contribution of remote sensing to the provision of long-term operat

关键词： Remote sensing Conservation agriculture Classification algorithm Spatial resolution Satellite Spectral indices PRISMA

Aqueous-phase reforming of hydroxyacetone solution to bio-based H_(2)over supported Pt catalysts

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green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 777-788页

作者： A.k.k.Vikla k.koichumanova Songbo He k.Seshan Joint International Research Laboratory of Circular Carbon Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente7500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands CoRe Pro 9723 BL GroningenThe Netherlands

Aqueous-phase reforming(APR)is an attractive process to produce bio-based hydrogen from waste biomass streams,during which the catalyst stability is often challenged due to the harsh reaction *** this work,three Pt-based catalysts supported on C,AlO(OH),and ZrO_(2)were investigated for the APR of hydroxyacetone solution in afixed bed reactor at 225℃and 35 *** them,the Pt/C catalyst showed the highest turnover frequency for H_(2)production(TOF of 8.9 molH_(2)molPt^(-1)min^(-1))and the longest catalyst *** the AlO(OH)and ZrO_(2)supported Pt catalysts,the side reactions consuming H_(2),formation of coke,and Pt sintering result in a low H_(2)production and the fast catalyst *** proposed reaction pathways suggest that a promising APR catalyst should reform all oxygenates in the aqueous phase,minimize the hydrogenation of the oxygenates,maximize the WGS reaction,and inhibit the condensation and coking reactions for maximizing the hydrogen yield and a stable catalytic performance.

关键词： APR Hydroxyacetone TOF Bio-based H_(2) Support effect

Direct scaling of residual displacements for bilinear and pinching oscillators

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 129-149页

作者： Mohammad Saifullah Vinay k.Gupta Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India

The estimation of residual displacements in a structure due to an anticipated earthquake event has increasingly become an important component of performance-based earthquake engineering because controlling these displacements plays an important role in ensuring cost-feasible or cost-effective repairs in a damaged structure after the *** attempt is made in this study to obtain statistical estimates of constant-ductility residual displacement spectra for bilinear and pinching oscillators with 5%initial damping,directly in terms of easily available seismological,site,and model *** of the available models for the bilinear and pinching oscillators are useful when design spectra for a seismic hazard at a site are not *** statistical estimates of a residual displacement spectrum are proposed in terms of earthquake magnitude,epicentral distance,site geology parameter,and three model parameters for a given set of ductility demand and a hysteretic energy capacity coefficient in the case of bilinear and pinching models,as well as for a given set of pinching parameters for displacement and strength at the breakpoint in the case of pinching model *** proposed scaling model is applicable to horizontal ground motions in the western *** earthquake magnitudes less than 7 or epicentral distances greater than 20 km.

关键词： residual displacement spectrum bilinear hysteresis model pinching hysteresis model nonlinear analysis scaling model

Analysis of the Oscillatory Flows of Multiple Shock Waves in a Constant Area Duct

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 794-806页

作者： k JAMES Jintu kIM Heuy Dong Department of Mechanical Engineering Andong National UniversityAndong36729Republic of Korea CAD-IT korea Co. Ltd.Seoul08591Republic of Korea

The oscillatory response of multiple shock waves to downstream perturbations in a supersonic flow is studied numerically in a rectangular *** shock waves are formed inside the duct at a shock Mach number of *** duct has an exit height of H,and the effect of duct resonance on multiple shock oscillations is investigated by attaching exit ducts of lengths 0H,50H,and *** downstream disturbance frequency varied from 10 Hz to 200 Hz to explore the oscillation characteristics of the multiple shock *** oscillatory response of shock waves under self-excited and forced oscillation conditions are analyzed in terms of wall static pressure,shock train leading-edge location,shock train length,and the size of the separation *** extent of the initial shock location increases with an increase in exit duct length for the self-excited oscillation *** analysis of the shock train leading edge and the spectral analysis of wall static pressure variations are *** variation in the shock train length is analyzed using the pressure ratio method for self-excited as well as forced *** RMS amplitude of the normalized shock train length(ζ_(ST))increases with an increase in the exit duct length for the self-excited oscillation *** the downstream perturbation frequency is increased,ζ_(ST)is decreased for exit duct *** all exit duct designs and downstream forcing frequencies,the size of the separation bubble grows and shrinks during the shock oscillations,demonstrating the dependence on duct resonance and forced oscillations.

关键词： shock train downstream disturbance supersonic flow shock wave boundary layer interaction duct resonance flow separation