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Mitochondrial recruitment in myelin:an anchor for myelin dynamics and plasticity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1401-1402页

作者： Jean-David M.Gothié Timothy e.kennedy Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Optimal propagation of neuronal electrical impulses depends on the insulation of axons by myelin,produced in the central nervous system by *** is an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane,which wraps around an axon to form a compact multi-layered *** is composed of a substantially higher proportion of lipids compared to other biological membranes and enriched in a small number of specialized proteins.

关键词： plasticity insulation dynamics

Performance and combustion study of a low heat rejection engine running with biogas–diethyl ether–diesel

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable energy 2024年第1期6卷 151-162页

作者： Sanjaya k.Mishra Premananda Pradhan Shakti P.Jena Department of Mechanical engineering S‘O’A Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswar751030India

The present research focuses on addressing the faster depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution in addition to the energy crisis that hinders the progress of a *** the current research,waste banana leaves were considered as substrates for biogas *** is taken as the primary fuel in dual fuel(DF)operations to maximize possible diesel *** performance and combustion assessment were executed in a low heat rejection(LHR)engine using 5%diethyl ether by volume blended with diesel(5Dee)as pilot *** combustion attributes of the engine reveal that the apex of net heat release rate(NHRR)curve retarded a bit as compared to apex of base *** peak cylinder pressure was noted to be 6.19 MPa in the LHR engine running with 5Dee+biogas at 11.7°crank angle(CA)after top dead center(aTDC)compared to 5.23 MPa for the diesel alone operation at the same *** apex point for NHRR was observed to be 54.51 J(°)^(−1)for 5Dee+biogas in LHR engine positioned at 3.2°*** brake thermal efficiency at full engine load operation decreased by 12.7%and 5.2%for biogas substitutions of 0.8 kg h^(−1)with diesel and 5Dee,respectively,compared to the base *** smoke opacity and nitric oxide emissions were reduced during the DF run accompanied by diethyl ether as a fuel additive.

关键词： Biogas Banana leaves Coating Diesel engine Diethyl ether exhaust emissions

evaluation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete structures with flat slab-column gravity frame and shear walls through nonlinear analysis methods

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earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 713-726页

作者： M.A.Najafgholipour S.Heidarian Radbakhsh e.erfani Department of Civil and environmental engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz ***Iran Department of Building Civiland Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontréal H3G 1M8Canada

This paper presents an investigation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete(RC)structures in which shear walls are the main lateral load-resisting elements and the participation of flat slab floor systems is not considered in the seismic design *** this regard,the behavior of six prototype structures(with different heights and plan layouts)is investigated through nonlinear static and time history analyses,implemented in the OpenSees *** results of the analyses are presented in terms of the behavior of the slab-column connections and their mode of failure at different loading ***,the global response of the buildings is discussed in terms of some parameters,such as lateral overstrength due to the gravity flat slab-column *** to the nonlinear static analyses,in structures in which the slab-column connections were designed only for gravity loads,the slab-column connections exhibited a punching mode of failure even in the early stages of ***,the punching failure was eliminated in structures in which a minimum transverse reinforcement recommended in ACI 318(2019)was provided in the slabs at joint ***,despite neglecting the contribution of gravity flat slab-column frames in the lateral load resistance of the structures,a relatively significant overstrength was imposed on the structures by the gravity frames.

关键词： RC flat slab-column frames seismic behavior nonlinear analysis time history analysis

Ultrafast optical modulation of the fluorescence from a single-photon emitter in silicon carbide

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 941-946页

作者： MeNGTING He YUJING CAO JUNJIe LIN ZHIPING JU BOTAO WU e WU State key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Photon Technology(Zhejiang)Co. Ltd.Jiaxing 314100China National key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200000China Department of Physics and Shanghai key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China chongqing key Laboratory of Precision Optics Chongqing Institute of East China Normal UniversityChongqing 401120China Collaborative Innovation Center of extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

The quest for the room-temperature optical transistor based on nonlinearities in single atoms or molecules is attracting a lot of *** this work,a single-photon emitter in cubic silicon carbide is verified that can operate as an optical switch at room temperature under pulsed green laser illumination with a near-infrared pulsed laser as the control *** demonstrated an ultrafast and reversible optical modulation with a high photoluminescence intensity suppression ratio up to 97.9%and a response time as short as 287.9±5.7 *** current development provides insights for high-precision and ultrafast optical switches,with possibilities for integration with emerging electronic installations to realize more intelligent photoelectric integrated devices.

关键词： emitter carbide photon

Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans:an overview of recent findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1908-1918页

作者： Marcello Serra Nicola Simola Alexia e.Pollack Giulia Costa Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly Department of Biology University of Massachusetts-BostonBostonMAUSA

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic *** toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and *** present review provides an overview of recent research,conducted between 2018 and 2023,focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine,cocaine,methamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,methylphenidate,caffeine,and *** elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.

关键词： 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine amphetamine caffeine cell cultures cocaine methamphetamine methylphenidate neurotoxicity nicotine

A novel method for modeling the phase change of iron ore particles in the cohesive zone of a blast furnace

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 252-261页

作者： Dianyu e Yingming Wen Jiayun Dan Youyuan Jiang Guangchao Wei Jiaxin Cui Jiangxi Provincial key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyNanchang330013China International Institute for Innovation Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyNanchang330013China Ironmaking Plant Xiangtan Iron and Steel Corporation of Hunan HualingXiangtan411101China Schoolof Transportation and Vehicle enginering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China

Cohesive zone plays a vital role in the stable operation of a blast furnace(BF),yet the complex phase change process of iron ore particles in this zone is still not well *** this study,a novel one-dimensional(1D)unsteady phase change model was developed to elucidate the heat transfer and melting mechanisms of iron ore *** model validation,the effects of several key operating parameters(e.g.,particle diameter,gas velocity,initial temperature)on the phase change behavior of iron ore particles were analyzed,and the joint effect of multiple parameters was *** results show that larger-sized iron ore particles possess lower specific surface areas,which in turn reduces their convective heat absorption ***,the distance from the solid-liquid phase interface to the particle surface increases,thereby slowing down the movement of the phase interface and pro-longing the melting duration of the *** the gas velocity and the initial temperature does not have a significant impact on reducing the duration of the complete melting *** the specified conditions,it is observed that increasing the gas velocity by 3-fold and 9-fold results in a reduction of the melting duration by 2.4%and 8.3%,*** the initial temperature of iron ore particles results in a decrease in the core-to-surface temperature difference,a slower heating rate,and a shorter duration to achieve *** the factors affecting the melting process,the particle diameter is found to be the most significant in terms of the liquid phase precipitation,mushy zone thickness,and core-to-surface temperature difference of iron ore particles.

关键词： Blast furnace Iron ore melting Cohesive zone Heat transfer Phase change

Pressurized environments directly influence friction and wear of dry steel contacts—Investigations in a novel high fluid pressure tribometer

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1599-1617页

作者： Paul ReIchLe Jakob BARZ Georg UMLAUF Günter e.M.TOVAR Institute of Interfacial Process engineering and Plasma Technology(IGVP) University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial engineering and Biotechnology(IGB) Stuttgart 70569Germany

To reduce the usage of classical lubricants in deep drawing,a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was ***,a volatile medium is injected under high pressure into the interstice between drawing tool and sheet *** on temperature and pressure,the temporary lubricant may exist in its gaseous or liquid *** this study,a novel high fluid pressure tribometer was designed to investigate the friction and wear of dry steel contacts under comparable conditions like in dry deep ***,a new ball-on-disc tribometer was designed and integrated into a high-pressure *** specifically investigate the effects of different environments(technical air,liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide,nitrogen,argon)at atmospheric and high pressure(0.1 MPa,6 MPa)on tribology,the specimens and all components were operating *** the experiments,the friction was measured *** show that the highest friction occurs in air and the lowest in carbon dioxide *** to the experiments,the wear of the specimens was assessed along with changes in surface chemistry related to tribochemical ***,the tribology of the dry sliding contacts is correlated to changes of the surface *** differences as well as similarities regarding the different fluid environments are *** the results show,the differences between the media used are most pronounced at elevated ***,this work gives clear indications on the suitability of volatile lubricants in dry friction or rather gas lubrication,especially for dry deep drawing.

关键词： dry friction and dry wear gas lubrication carbon dioxide tribo-layer dry metal forming

A low-noise,high-gain,and large-dynamic-range photodetector based on a JFeT and a charge amplifier

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Frontiers of Information Technology & electronic engineering 2024年第2期25卷 316-322页

作者： Jinrong WANG Shuang'e WU chengdong MI Yaner QIU Xin'ai BAI Department of Physics Lyuliang UniversityLvliang033001China Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China

We demonstrate a low-noise,high-gain,and large-dynamic-range photodetector(PD)based on a junction field-effect transistor(JFeT)and a charge amplifier for the measurement of quantum noise in Bell-state detection(BSD).Particular photodiode junction capacitance allows the silicon N-channel JFeT 2sk152 to be matched to the noise requirement for charge amplifier *** electronic noise of the PD is effectively suppressed and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is up to 15 dB at the analysis frequency of 2.75 MHz for a coherent laser power of 50.08µ*** combining of the inductor and capacitance,the alternating current(AC)and direct current(DC)branches of the PD can operate linearly in a dynamic range from 25.06µW to 17.50 *** PD can completely meet the requirements of SNR and dynamic range for BSD in quantum optics experiments.

关键词： Quantum noise Bell-state detection(BSD) Photodetector(PD) Junction field-effect transistor(JFeT) charge amplifier

Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed:current perspectives,risks and future prospects

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 463-489页

作者： Ailbhe McGurrin Julie Maguire Brijesh k.Tiwari Marco Garcia-Vaquero Section of Food and Nutrition School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublin 4BelfieldIreland TeAGASC Food Research CentreDublin 15AshtownIreland Bantry Marine Research Station Ltd BantryCo.CorkP75 AX07GearhiesIreland

With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this *** of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome,reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce ***,seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo,with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis(attributed to the bromoform content of this species).From the literature analysis in this study,levels of up to 99%reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed,although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal *** review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives,as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these *** effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed,as well as the future challenges when considering the largescale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.

关键词： Asparagopsis Bromoform Methanogenesis Phlorotannin Saponin Tannin