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Emerging roles of the intestine in control of cholesterol metabolism

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第40期12卷 6429-6439页

作者： Janine k kruit Albert k Groen Theo J van Berkel Folkert kuipers Department of Pediatrics Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands Department of Experimental Hepatology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Division of Biopharmaceutics Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands

The liver is considered the major “control center” for maintenance of whole body cholesterol homeostasis. This organ is the main site for de novo cholesterol synthesis, clears cholesterol-containing chylomicron remnants and low density lipoprotein particles from plasma and is the major contributor to high density lipoprotein (HDL; good cholesterol) formation. The liver has a central position in the classical definition of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway by taking up periphery-derived cholesterol from lipoprotein particles followed by conversion into bile acids or its direct secretion into bile for eventual removal via the feces. During the past couple of years, however, an additional important role of the intestine in maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis and regulation of plasma cholesterol levels has become apparent. Firstly, molecular mechanisms of cholesterol absorption have been elucidated and novel pharmacological compounds have been identified that interfere with the process and positively impact plasma cholesterol levels. Secondly, it is now evident that the intestine itself contributes to fecal neutral sterol loss as a cholesterol-secreting organ. Finally, very recent work has unequivocally demonstrated that the intestine contributes significantly to plasma HDL cholesterol levels. Thus, the intestine is a potential target for novel anti-atherosclerotic treatment strategies that, in addition to interference with cholesterol absorption, modulate direct cholesterol excretion and plasma HDL cholesterol levels.

关键词： cholesterol metabolism Intestine High density lipoprotein cholesterol absorption Reverse cholesterol transport

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Enhancement of GMI Effect in Silicon Steels by Furnace Annealing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第5期25卷 619-621页

作者： c.Sirisathitkul P.Jantaratana Magnet Laboratory Molecular Technology Research UnitSchool of ScienceWalailak UniversityNakon Si Tham-marat 80161Thailand Electricity and Magnetism Properties Research Laboratory Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceKasetsart UniversityBangkok 10900Thailand

The ratio and sensitivity of giant magnetoimpedance （GMI） in grain oriented silicon steels （Fe-4.5%Si） are improved after furnace annealing in air for 20 min. By annealing at 800℃, the GMI sensitivity rises from 1.29%/Oe to 1.91%/Oe and the ratio increases from 237% to 294% with decreasing characteristic frequency. The results are attributable to an increase in the transverse magnetic permeability during the heat treatment. From simulation by finite element method, the GMI effect can be interpreted as the modification of the current distribution by the applied magnetic field via the transverse permeability. In the case of annealed samples,the larger transverse permeability allows a higher GMI ratio and sensitivity.

关键词： Silicon steels Giant magnetoimpedance Furnace annealing Skin depth Transverse permeability

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Motion through spherical droplet with non-homogenous porous layer in spherical container

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第7期41卷 1069-1082页

作者： P.k.YADAV A.TIWARI P.SINGH Department of Mathematics Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj 211004India Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of Technology SciencePilani 333031Rajasthan Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology PatnaPatna 800005India

The problem of the creeping flow through a spherical droplet with a non-homogenous porous layer in a spherical container has been studied ***’s model for the flow inside the porous annular region and the Stokes equation for the flow inside the spherical cavity and container are used to analyze the *** drag force is exerted on the porous spherical particles enclosing a cavity,and the hydrodynamic permeability of the spherical droplet with a non-homogeneous porous layer is *** is placed on the spatially varying permeability of a porous medium,which is not covered in all the previous works related to spherical *** variation of hydrodynamic permeability and the wall effect with respect to various flow parameters are presented and discussed *** streamlines are presented to discuss the kinematics of the *** previous results for hydrodynamic permeability and drag forces have been verified as special limiting cases.

关键词： non-homogenous porous medium Stokes equation Darcy’s law perme-ability parameter wall effect

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Analysis and comparison of Two Wireless Battery charger Arrangements for Electric Vehicles

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chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2015年第1期1卷 50-57页

作者： Giuseppe Buja Rupesh k.Jha Manuele Bertoluzzo Mude k.Naik Department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaPadovaItaly Department of Electrical Engineering AVVP UniversityBengaluruIndia

The paper deals with wireless battery chargers(WBcs)for plug-in electric vehicles(PEVs)and analyzes two arrangements for the receiver of a series-series resonant *** first arrangement charges the PEV battery in a straightforward manner through a diode *** second arrangement charges the PEV battery through the cascade of a diode rectifier and a chopper whose input voltage is kept *** of merit of WBcs such as efficiency and sizing factor of both the power source and the transmitter/receiver coils are ***,they are discussed and compared with reference to the case study of WBc for an electric city car.A proposal to optimize the efficiency of the second arrangement by a suitable selection of the chopper input voltage is *** on the efficiency of the two arrangements are included to support the theoretical results.

关键词： EV battery charging wireless charging charging arrangement

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A Novel Numerical Method of O(h^(4))for Three-Dimensional Non-Linear Triharmonic Equations

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communications in computational Physics 2012年第10期12卷 1417-1433页

作者： R.k.Mohanty M.k.Jain B.N.Mishra Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of DelhiDelhi-110007India Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of TechnologyHauz KhasNew Delhi-110016India Department of Mathematics Utkal UniversityVani ViharBhubaneswar-751004India 4076 C/4Vasant KunjNew Delhi-110070India Department of Mathematics Rajasunakhala CollegeNayagarhOrissa-752065India

In this article,we present two new novel finite difference approximations of order two and four,respectively,for the three dimensional non-linear triharmonic partial differential equations on a compact stencil where the values of u,δ^(2)u/δn^(2)andδ^(4)u/δn^(4)are prescribed on the *** introduce new ideas to handle the boundary conditions and there is no need to discretize the derivative boundary *** require only 7-and 19-grid points on the compact cell for the second and fourth order approximation,*** Laplacian and the biharmonic of the solution are obtained as by-product of the *** require only system of three equations to obtain the *** results are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methods.

关键词： Finite differences three dimensional non-linear triharmonic equations fourth order compact discretization Laplacian biharmonic maximum absolute errors

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A simplified approach to modelling blasts in computational fluid dynamics (cFD)

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第5期23卷 19-34页

作者： D.Mohotti k.Wijesooriya S.Weckert School of Engineering and Information Technology The University of New South WalesCanberraACT2600Australia Sensors and Effectors Division Defence Science and Technology GroupEdinburghSA5111Australia

This paper presents a time-efficient numerical approach to modelling high explosive(HE)blastwave propagation using computational Fluid Dynamics(cFD).One of the main issues of using conventional cFD modelling in high explosive simulations is the ability to accurately define the initial blastwave properties that arise from the ignition and consequent *** codes often employ Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL)or similar equation of state(EOS)to simulate ***,most available cFD codes are limited in terms of EOS *** are restrictive to the Ideal Gas Law(IGL)for compressible flows,which is generally unsuitable for blast *** this end,this paper presents a numerical approach to simulate blastwave propagation for any generic cFD code using the IGL EOS.A new method known as the Input cavity Method(IcM)is defined where input conditions of the high explosives are given in the form of pressure,velocity and temperature time-history *** time history curves are input at a certain distance from the centre of the *** is shown that the IcM numerical method can accurately predict over-pressure and impulse time history at measured locations for the incident,reflective and complex multiple reflection scenarios with high numerical accuracy compared to experimental *** IcM is compared to the Pressure Bubble Method(PBM),a common approach to replicating initial conditions for a high explosive in Finite Volume *** is shown that the IcM outperforms the PBM on multiple fronts,such as peak values and overall overpressure curve ***,the paper also presents the importance of choosing an appropriate solver between the Pressure Based Solver(PBS)and Density-Based Solver(DBS)and provides the advantages and disadvantages of either *** general,it is shown that the PBS can resolve and capture the interactions of blastwaves to a higher degree of resolution than the *** is achieved at a much higher computational cos

关键词： Blast loads computational fluid dynamics Explosions Numerical simulations

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Adaptive fractional integral terminal sliding mode power control of UPFc in DFIG wind farm penetrated multimachine power system

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Protection and control of Modern Power Systems 2018年第1期3卷 79-92页

作者： P.k.Dash R.k.Patnaik S.P.Mishra Siksha O Anusandhan University Khandagiri SquareBhubaneswarOdisha 751030India GMR Institute of Technology RajamAndhra Pradesh 532127India

With an aim to improve the transient stability of a DFIG wind farm penetrated multimachine power system(MPN),an adaptive fractional integral terminal sliding mode power control(AFITSMPc)strategy has been proposed for the unified power flow controller(UPFc),which is compensating the *** proposed AFITSMPc controls the dq-axis series injected voltage,which controls the admittance model(AM)of the *** a result the power output of the DFIG stabilizes which helps in maintaining the equilibrium between the electrical and mechanical power of the nearby *** the rotor angular deviation of the respective generators gets recovered,which significantly stabilizes the *** proposed AFITSMPc for the admittance model of the UPFc has been validated in a DFIG wind farm penetrated 2 area 4 machine power system in the MATLAB *** robustness and efficacy of the proposed control strategy of the UPFc,in contrast to the conventional PI control is vindicated under a number of intrinsic operating conditions,and the results analyzed are satisfactory.

关键词： Adaptive fractional integral terminal sliding mode power control Doubly fed induction generator Multimachine power network Unified power flow controller

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Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for crop Safety and Weed control in Safflower

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 2358-2366页

作者： Prashant Jha Vipan kumar charlemagne A. lim Ramawatar Yadav Southern Agricultural Research center Department of Research Centers Montana State University Bozeman MT USA

Weed management in safflower (carthamus tinctorious L.) is a major challenge for growers due to very limited herbicide options available, particularly for broadleaf weed control. Field experiments were conducted at the Montana State University Southern Agricultural Research center (MSU-SARc) near Huntley, MT in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate preemergence (PRE) soil-residual herbicides for crop safety and season-long broadleaf weed control in safflower. Among all herbicide programs tested, only sulfentrazone (105 g·ai·ha-1) alone or with pendimethalin (1064 g·ai·ha-1) caused 4% to 12% early-season visible injury to safflower, although the injury was not evident beyond 30 DAT. Sulfentrazone alone or with pendimethalin and pyroxasulfone (59 g·ai·ha-1) with pendimethalin had a season-long residual activity on kochia [kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad] and Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus L), with 89% to 99% control at 60 DAT, and up to 98% reduction in weed density compared with dimethenamid-P (213 g·ai·ha-1) and S-metolachlor (433 g·ai·ha-1) at 65 DAT. Pyroxasulfone (59 or 118 g·ai·ha-1) alone or dimethenamid-P with pendimethalin provided a moderate to good control (65% to 79% at 60 DAT) of kochia and Russian-thistle. However, the end-season control of kochia or Russian-thistle was inadequate ( S-metolachlor alone program. Safflower grain yield with sulfentrazone alone or with pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone alone or with pendimethalin, and dimethenamid-P with pendimethalin averaged 3559 kg·ha-1, which was 195% higher compared with the nontreated check. In conclusion, sulfentrazone and pyroxasulfone or dimethenamid-P in combination with pendimethalin will be effective PRE herbicide programs for kochia and Russian-thistle control in safflower.

关键词： Safflower Weed control Preemergence Herbicide kochia Russian-Thistle

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N cycle, N Flow Trends in Japan, and Strategies for Reducing N_2O Emission and NO_3^- Pollution

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Pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 164-172页

作者： k.MINAMI National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences

To feed an increasing population, large amounts of chemical nitrogen fertilizer have been used to produce much of our food, feed and fiber thereby increasing nitrogen levels in soils, natural waters, crop residues, livestock wastes,and municipal and agricultural wastes, with national and international concern about its potential adverse effects on environmental quality and public health. To understand these phenomena and problems, first the nitrogen cycle and the environment are described. Then recent trends for nitrogen cycling through the food and feed system, N2O emissions from fertilized upland and paddy soils, and NO-3 pollution in ground water in Japan are reported. Finally, mitigation strategies in Japan for reducing N2O emission and NO-3 pollution are proposed, including nitrification inhibitors, controlled release fertilizers, utilization of plant species that could suppress nitrification, utilizing the toposequence, government policy, and appropriate agricultural practices. Of all the technologies presented, use of nitrification inhibitors and controlled release fertilizers are deemed the most important with further development of these aspects of technologies being expected. These practices, if employed worldwide, could help reduce the load, or environmental deterioration, on the Earth's biosphere.

关键词： mitigation strategy N2O emission NO3- pollution nitrogen cycle

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Analysis of switching conditions of chalcogenide alloys during crystallization

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2006年第5期13卷 446-449页

作者： Wanhua Yu c.D. Wright Materials Science and Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Engineering and computer Science University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QF UK

To understand the principle and limitation of chalcogenide alloy Ge2Sb2Te5 （GST） in solid-state memory devices during crystallization, it was necessary to develop a physically realistic model that could reflect the electrical and thermal properties of these media. A novel comprehensive numerical model has been developed for simulating these memory devices, which describes the electrical and thermal behavior using the solution of the nonlinear, time-dependent electrical and heat conduction equation. The finite-difference-time-domain technique was adopted to compute the electrical field and heat distribution in the device. Several contributing factors that affect the crystallization switching process such as the geometry of the GST layer, temperature and electric field dependency of the electrical conductivity have been discussed. The results of the simulations were then used to provide critical guidelines for fabrication and optimization of the device performance.

关键词： chalcogenide alloy crystallization simulation modeling memory

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