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semantic segmentation of Lumbar vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on spine Magnetic Resonance Images

Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lak.hmi s v v.s.iloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back.pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerv.s.intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis task. and achiev.s.high segmentation *** work.proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask.images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work.has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae giv.s.better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DsC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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structure and floristic composition of old-growth wet evergreen forests of Nelliampathy Hills, southern Western Ghats

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 37-46页

作者： v.s. Ramachandran k. swarupanandan Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Div.s.on Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiThrissur-680653KeralaIndia.

We analyze the structure and composition of old-growth wet evergreen forest of Nelliampathy hills, the chain of hills lying immediately south of Palghat Gap, in the southern Western Ghats of India. We sampled 30 plots of 0.1 ha each （50 m × 20 m） at six locations enumerating all plants ？ 10 cm girth at breast height. We pooled the data and computed various structural parameters. There were 152 species of 120 genera and 51 families of the study area. Of these, 118 （77%） were trees, 24 were climbers （16%） and 10 were shrubs （7%）. species richness varied from 58–99 per 0.5 ha sample and shannon indices of diversity ranged from 4.4 to 5.2. Fifty-nine per cent （89 species） of the species were Indian sub-continent elements and 34% （51 species） are endemic to the Western Ghats. Fifteen species are listed in various threat categories. Aglaia and Litsea were the most species-rich genera. Numbers of families ranged from 27–43 per 0.5 ha sample. Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae were the most species-rich families. stand density varied from 1714 to 2244 stems·ha？1 and basal area from 53.6 to 102.1 m2·ha？1. The vegetation was dominated by 3–6 species and six dominance patterns characterized the species composition within the hill complex. The old-growth evergreen forests of Nelliampathy exist as small fragments rich in biodiversity and can be used as benchmark. for comparison with disturbed forests.

关键词： Old-growth evergreen forest Nelliampathy Western Ghats species richness tree density relative abundance stand structure.

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Unlock.ng hypoglycemia–associated brain microv.s.ular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： siva s.v.P.sak.muri Anil sak.muri Department of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA v.s.ular Biology Center and Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication link.d to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk.if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： impaired intak. critical

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A comprehensive inv.s.igation on nonlinear vibration and bending characteristics of bio-inspired helicoidal laminated composite structures

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 81-100页

作者： s.sAURABH R.k.RAN D.sINGH R.vAIsH v.s.CHAUHAN school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

Bio-inspired helicoidal composite laminates, inspired by the intricate helical structures found in nature, present a promising frontier for enhancing the mechanical properties of structural designs. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive inv.s.igation into the nonlinear free vibration and nonlinear bending behavior of bio-inspired composite plates. The inverse hyperbolic shear deformation theory(IHsDT) of plates is employed to characterize the displacement field, with the incorporation of Green-Lagrange nonlinearity. The problem is modeled using the C0finite element method(FEM), and an in-house code is developed in the MATLAB environment to solve it numerically. various helicoidal layup configurations including helicoidal recursive(HR), helicoidal exponential(HE), helicoidal semi-circular(Hs), linear helicoidal(LH), and Fibonacci helicoidal(FH)with different layup sequences and quasi-isotropic configurations are studied. The model is validated, and parametric studies are conducted. These studies inv.s.igate the effects of layup configurations, side-to-thick.ess ratio, modulus ratios, boundary conditions, and loading conditions at different load amplitudes on the nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending behaviors of bio-inspired composite plates. The results show that the laminate sequence exerts a substantial impact on both nonlinear natural frequencies and nonlinear bending behaviors. Moreover, this influence varies across different side-to-thick.ess ratios and boundary conditions of the bio-inspired composite plate.

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Analytical and numerical modeling for the effects of thermal insulation in underground tunnels

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2016年第2期26卷 267-276页

作者： Liu W.v. Apel D.B. Bindiganavile v.s. szymansk. J.k. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alberta

The heat How generated from the infinite rock.mass surrounding the underground tunnels is a major cause for the increasing cooling demands in deep mine *** layers with lower thermal conductivities on tunnel walls and roof ceilings are believed to supply a thermo-barrier for heat ***,it is found that no systematic theoretical inv.s.igations were made to predict and confirm the effectiveness of underground thermal ***,inv.s.igations on the underground insulation problems involving heat flows through the semi-infinite hot rock.mass and insulation layer were not ***,in this paper,the thermal characteristics,accompanied with heat flow through the semi-infinite rock.mass and the insulation layer,were modeled by both analytical and numerical methods with focus on underground mine *** close agreements between models have indicated that the thermal insulation applied on tunnel surfaces is able to provide promising heat abatement effects.

关键词： Thermal insulation Theoretical models Underground Rock.mass Heat abatement

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some hydrodynamic aspects of 3-phase inverse fluidized bed

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China Particuology 2007年第5期5卷 351-356页

作者： k.ishna s.v.s.R. Bandaru D.v.s. Murthy k. k.ishnaiah Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydrodynamics of 3-phase inverse fluidized bed is studied experimentally using low density particles for different liquid and gas velocities. The hydrodynamic characteristics studied include pressure drop, minimum liquid and gas fluidization velocities and phase holdups. The minimum liquid fluidization velocity determined using the bed pressure gradient, decreases with increase in gas velocity. The axial profiles of phase holdups shows that the liquid holdup increases along the bed height, whereas the solid holdup decreases down the bed. However, the gas holdup is almost uniform in the bed.

关键词： Inverse fluidization Inverse fluidized bed Hydrodynamics Phase holdup Axial holdup

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Effect of Bagasse ash reinforcement on the wear behaviour of Al-Cu-Mg/Bagasse ash particulate composites

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2010年第2期23卷 81-89页

作者： v.s. Aigbodion s.B. Hassan G.B. Nyior T. Ause Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Ahmadu Bello University

The effect of Bagasse ash （BAp） particle reinforcement on the wear behavior of Al-Cu- Mg alloy has been studied. Bagasse ash particles were varied from 0 wt pct-10 wt pct with interval of 2 wt pct. Unlubricated pin-on disc tests were conducted to examine the wear behaviour of the aluminium alloy/Bagasse ash particulate composites. The tests were conducted at varying loads, from 5 to 20 N and sliding speeds of 1.26 m/s, 2.51 m/s, 3.77 m/s and 5.02 m/s for a constant sliding distance of 5000 m. The results showed that the wear rates of the A1-Cu-Mg/BAp composites are lower than that of the matrix alloy and further decrease with increasing Bagasse ash content. Wear rate increases as the sliding speed and applied load increase. The microstructure of the worn surface revealed that a large amount of plastic deformation appeared on the surface of the unreinforced alloy. While Bagasse ash reinforced Al-Cu-Mg alloy showed worn out surface that is not smooth, and groov.s. scratches and parallel lines were observed. A combination of adhesion and delamination wear was in operation. These results show that improve wear properties is achievable for the aluminium alloy by the addition of Bagasse ash particles as reinforcement material.

关键词： Al-Cu-Mg alloy Bagasse ash Composites Load sliding speed and Wear

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-segura Alek.andra Polishchuk.Laura Nadal Marta Tomàs Carolina silvera-simón Manel M.santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related k.nase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein k.nases A and C(Pk. and Pk.)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated Trk./p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the Pk./Pk. activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine k.nases tropomyosin-related k.nase receptorB

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Comparative Analysis of Optimized Output Regulation of A sIsO Nonlinear system Using Different sliding Manifolds

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2017年第4期14卷 450-462页

作者： M. s. sunila v. sank.ranarayanan k. sundareswaran Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India

This paper presents the design of sliding mode controller for the output regulation of single input single output （sIsO） nonlinear systems. The sliding surfaces are designed to force the error dynamics to follow proportional （P）, proportional integral （PI） and proportional integral derivative （PID） dynamics. The controller parameters are obtained using probabilistic particle swarm optimization technique. A judicious selection of various sliding surfaces based on the relative degree of the systems is also elaborated. A detailed comparison of the output regulation for various systems with different relative degree is presented. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed method and robustness of the sliding mode controller.

关键词： Higher order sliding mode nonlinear system sliding manifolds relative degree probabilistic particle swarm optimization.

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Multifunctional A356 alloy/Pk.Anp composites:Microstructure and mechanical properties

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第3期16卷 731-736页

作者： v.s.Aigbodion I.C.Ezema Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Mechanical properties and microstructure of multifunctional composites produced with palm k.rnel shell ash nano particle(Pk.Anp)-A356 alloy composites was *** composites were produced using Double layer feeding stir casting method(DLF-sCM) by adding 1 wt%-4 wt.% *** microstructure,density,electrical and mechanical properties were *** results shows that there was a uniform distribution of the Pk.Anp in A356 *** mismatch at the interface between the Pk.Anp and A356 alloy was 4.26%.Improvement of 30.47%,41.91%,49.52%,40.90% and 65.09% were obtained for hardness values,tensile,yield strength,%elongation and impact energy at 4 wt% *** work.has established that the developed composites can be used for multifunctional applications where combination of toughness and strength is vital.

关键词： Pk.Anp A356 alloy Microstructure Electrical and mechanical properties

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