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Estimation of water requirement per unit carbon fixed by Eucalyptus camaldulensis in semi-arid land of Western Australia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第z1期45卷 142-147页

作者： T. k.jima Y. Tanak. S. k.toh k. tahara N. Tak.hashi k. Yamada Department of Applied Chemistry Fac. of Eng. Seikei University Tokyo 180-8633 Japan Japan Science and Technology Corporation Tokyo 110-0015 Japan Deptartment of Fine Materials Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Pre. 386-8567 Japan

Afforestation in arid land is a promising method for carbon fixation, but the effective utili- zation of water is highly important and required. Thus, the evaluation of the amount of water per unit carbon fixed with the tree growth is required to minimize the amount of water supplied to the plants. In this research, a tree is regarded as a carbon fixation reactor with inflows of water and nutrients from roots, and CO_2 as the carbon source from leaves with outflow of water vapor from leaves and accumulation in the tree itself. In the process of photosynthesis and respiration nutri- tional elements are dissolved in water flow in trees. They do not flow out by these reactions, but are accumulated in trees. Thus, we have treated the behaviour of nutrients as a mark.r to evaluate the water/carbon ratio. Assuming that nutrient concentration is constant in sap, and the differences in the ratios of nutrient to carbon in living trees and dead (i.e. litter fall, etc.) are neglected, the ratio of the used water to fixed carbon is given as the ratio of nutrient to carbon in the tree body divided by the ratio of nutrient to water in sap. However, some nutrients are translocated and concentrated within the tree and some may be discarded through litter fall. Thus it is important to examine which nutrient element is the most suitable as the tracer. In this paper, the results of the above method applied to Eucalyptus camaldulensis in semi- arid land of Western Australia are shown. The value of water requirement per unit carbon fixation determined from potassium balance is between 421 k.-H_2O/k.-C for mature trees and 285 k.-H_2O/k.-C for young trees, while the values from calcium balance are much larger than these. The cause of the discrepancy between these values is discussed based on the measured element concentrations in sap and trees and the plant physiology. Finally, the actual average value through the life of a tree is suggested to fall between the two values.

关键词： carbon fixation, unit water requirement, arid land, Western Australia, Eucalyptus camaldulensis,

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Three-dimensional models: from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research

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Oncology research 2025年第1期33卷 1-13页

作者： Sayumi tahara Sydney Rentsch Fernanda Costas Casal DE Faria Patricia Sarchet Roma k.rna Federica Calore Raphael E Pollock Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The James Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 USA. Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The James Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 USA.

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas, however, its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers. Due to its rarity, experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology. Conventional cell culture-based research (2D cell culture) is still playing a pivotal role, while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion. , mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture. However, they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) characteristics. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and animal models and fill in the gap between them. Given the liposarcoma rarity, we believe that 3D cell culture techniques, including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures, and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids (PDOs), represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development. In this review, we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures. We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications, Patient-Derived Organoids (PDOs), summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies. Finally, we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma, particularly in the field of liposarcoma.

关键词： Cell culture Liposarcoma Patient-Derived Organoid (PDO) Spheroid Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture

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Study on analysis of crystal structure in CeO_2 doped with Er_2O_3 or Gd_2O_3

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第S1期28卷 164-167页

作者： Yuk. tahara k.zufumi Yasunaga Toshiyuk. Matsui Fuminobu Hori Ak.hiro Iwase Department of Materials Science Osaka Prefecture University1-1Gakuen-choNaka-kuSakaiOsaka599-8531Japan Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering Kyushu University744MotookaNishikuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

To simulate the effects of burnable poison doping in nuclear fuel UO2,Er2O3(or Gd2O3)-doped CeO2 pellets were prepared. Changes in lattice constant and atomic disordering for CeO2 due to the Er2O3 and Gd2O3 doping were measured by means of XRD and XAFS. By the Er2O3 doping,the lattice constant decreased,and a disordering of lattice structure was induced in the samples. The doping with Er2O3 also induced the disordering of atomic arrangement around Er atoms,which was observed through the change in XAFS spectra. In contrast,the effect of Gd2O3 doping was smaller than that of Er2O3 doping. The result was discussed in terms of ionic size of dopants in CeO2 crystal.

关键词： CeO2 ceramic pellets Er2O3 and Gd2O3 doping Change in lattice structure XRD XAFS rare earths

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Adding dimensions with Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm to incoherent imaging

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2023年第5期6卷 7-9页

作者： Tatsuk. tahara National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1 NukuikitamachiKoganeiTokyo 184-8795Japan

A novel computational reconstruction method called the Lucy–Richardson–Rosen algorithm(LRRA)for the construction of a single-shot infrared 3D imaging microscope was reported in Opto-Electronic *** that study,a commonly available optical element,the Cassegrain objective lens,was used as a coded aperture for 3D imaging using *** regular coded aperture imaging systems,achieving 3D imaging using commonly available imaging devices leads to the development of hybrid imaging systems where direct and indirect imaging concepts *** development above will mak. 3D imaging more commonly used in daily life.

关键词： Richardson dimensions algorithm

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Feasibility of drug delivery to the eye’s posterior segment by topical instillation of PLGA nanoparticles

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第4期12卷 394-399页

作者： k.hei tahara k.iichi k.rasawa Risak. Onodera Hirofumi Tak.uchi Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering Gifu Pharmaceutical University

We investigated the delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye by non-invasive topical instillation using submicron-sized poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) nanoparticles(NPs). Surface-modified PLGA NPs were developed to improve the drug delivery efficiency to the retina and were administered as topical eye drops to mice. Chitosan(CS) and glycol chitosan(GCS), which are mucoadhesive polymers, and polysorbate 80(P80) were used as surface modifiers, and have been reported to increase the association of NPs with ***-6 was used as a model drug and fluorescent mark.r, and after ocular administration of PLGA NP eye drops, the fluorescence intensity of coumarin-6 was observed in the retina. The fluorescence image analysis indicated that there are several possible routes to the retina and fates of PLGA NPs in ocular tissue, and that these pathways involved the corneal,non-corneal, or uveal routes. Delivery to the mouse retina segments after topical administration was increased by surface modification with CS, GCS, or P80. Surface-modified PLGA NPs are a promising method for retinal drug delivery via topical instillation.

关键词： PLGA Nanoparticles Topical instillation Retina Surface modification

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Efficacy of adhesive strapping on umbilical hernia in children:a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第4期6卷 206-216页

作者： Tak.ya Sugimoto k.zunori tahara k.shi Uchida k.zuhik. Yoshimoto Department of Pediatric Surgery Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto HospitalKumamotoJapan

Back.round Although adhesive strapping(AS)for pediatric umbilical hernia(UH),which was once obsolete,has been reconsidered as a common practice in Japan,its efficacy is still *** study aimed to evaluate its efficacy by reviewing related *** A comprehensive literature search of PubMed,Cochrane,Google Scholar,and Igak. Chuo Zasshi via Ichushi-Web was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** studies reporting on the UH closure rate after AS compared with observation-only management were *** A total of 10 cohort studies were included,and the overall UH closure rate was not statistically significant(p=0.31,risk.ratio(RR)=0.76,95%confidence interval(CI)0.45 to 1.28).However,there were significant differences in the UH closure rate at the age of 6 months(pk.n(p=0.049,RR=0.16,95%CI 0.03 to 0.99).Conclusions Although the efficacy of AS on UH compared with observation-only management did not differ in terms of the UH closure rate,the application of AS may be effective for faster UH closure and the prevention of protruding ***,due to the high heterogeneity of the study,further large-scale studies,particularly randomized controlled trials,are warranted to reach a conclusion.

关键词： hernia prevention closure

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Recent advances in particulate drug delivery systems: Oral, pulmonary, and ophthalmic administrations

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 3-4页

作者： Hirofumi Tak.uchi k.hei tahara Risak. Onodera Gifu Pharmaceutical University

Colloidal drug carriers such as liposomes,lipid emulsions,and polymeric nanoparticles have great potential to deliver drugs *** of nano-crystals of API has also received much attention to design dosage forms to complete effective drug delivery.A variety of investigations have been carried out toward the design of an optimal particulate system.

关键词： Drug delivery systems Liposomes Administration routes Absorption

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Novel approaches for posterior segment ocular drug delivery with folate-modified liposomal formulation

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 201-202页

作者： Toshik. Hayashi Risak. Onodera k.hei tahara Hirofumi Tak.uchi Gifu Pharmaceutical University

The leading causes of vision impairment and blindness are posterior segment-related diseases including age-related macular degeneration,diabetic macular edema and ***,pharmaceutical approaches to these diseases have used steroids and *** drugs are usually administered via invasive injection because noninvasive delivery method such as eye drop administration of drugs is not ***,repeated injections are associated with potential risk. of ***,patients may not comply with such regimens.

关键词： Liposome Retina Eyedrop Active targeting

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Formulation design of granules prepared by wet granulation method using a multi-functional single-punch tablet press to avoid tableting failures

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第2期13卷 113-119页

作者： Tak.shi Osamura Yoshik. Tak.uchi Risak. Onodera Masahiro k.tamura Yoshiteru Tak.hashi k.hei tahara Hirofumi Tak.uchi Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering Gifu Pharmaceutical University Pharmaceutical Technology Department Sawai Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd

We previously determined "Tableting properties" by using a multi-functional single-punch tablet press(GTP-1). We plotted "Compactability" on the x-axis against "Manufacturability"on the y-axis to allow visual evaluation of "Tableting properties". Here, we examined whether this evaluation method can be used in the formulation design of tablets prepared by wet granulation. We used the GTP-1 to measure "Tableting properties" with different amounts of binder, disintegrant, and lubricant, and compared the results with those of tableting on a commercial rotary tableting machine. Tableting failures(capping and binding in particular) occurred when samples that had been evaluated as having poor "Compactability" or"Manufacturability" on the GTP-1 were compressed on the rotary tableting machine. Thus,our evaluation method predicted tableting failure at the commercial scale. The method will prove useful for scaling up production.

关键词： tableting formulation design wet granulation capping binding single-punch tablet press

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Prediction of effects of punch shapes on tableting failure by using a multi-functional single-punch tablet press

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第5期12卷 412-417页

作者： Tak.shi Osamura Yoshik. Tak.uchi Risak. Onodera Masahiro k.tamura Yoshiteru Tak.hashi k.hei tahara Hirofumi Tak.uchi Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering Gifu Pharmaceutical University1-25-4Daigaku-NishiGifu501-1196Japan Pharmaceutical Technology Department Sawai Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd12-34HiroshibachoSuita-ShiOsaka564-0052Japan

We previously determined 'Tableting properties' by using a multi-functional single-punch tablet press(GTP-1). We proposed plotting 'Compactability' on the x-axis against'Manufacturability' on the y-axis to allow visual evaluation of 'Tableting properties'. Various types of tableting failure occur in commercial drug production and are influenced by the amount of lubricant used and the shape of the punch. We used the GTP-1 to measure'Tableting properties' with different amounts of lubricant and compared the results with those of tableting on a commercial rotary tableting machine. Tablets compressed with a small amount of lubricant showed bad 'Manufacturability', leading to stick.ng of powder on *** also tested various punch shapes. The GTP-1 correctly predicted the actual tableting results for all punch shapes. With punches that were more lik.ly to cause tableting failure, our system predicted the effects of lubricant quantity in the tablet formulation and the occurrence of stick.ng in the rotary tableting machine.

关键词： Tableting Formulation design Lubricant Punch shape Single-punch tablet press Losartan potassium

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