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Integrated numerical model for vegetated s.rface and s.turated s.bs.rface flow interaction

Applied Mathematics.and Mechanics.Englis. Edition) 2012年第7期33卷 881-898页

作者： k. s. erduran Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Nigde Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering American University of Sharjah

The cons.ruction of an integrated numerical model is.pres.nted in this.paper to deal with the interactions.between vegetated s.rface and s.turated s.bs.rface flows. A numerical model is.built by integrating the previous.y developed quas.-three-dimens.onal （Q3D） vegetated s.rface flow model with a two-dimens.onal （2D） s.turated groundwater flow model. The vegetated s.rface flow model is.cons.ructed by coupling the explicit finite volume s.lution of 2D s.allow water equations.（s.Es. with the implicit finite difference s.lution of Navier-s.ok.s.equations.（Ns.s. for vertical velocity dis.ribution. The s.bs.rface model is.bas.d on the explicit finite volume s.lution of 2D s.turated groundwater flow equations.（s.FEs.. The ground and vegetated s.rface water interaction is.achieved by introducing s.urce-s.nk.terms.into the continuity equations. Two s.lutions.are tightly coupled in a s.ngle code. The integrated model is.applied to four tes. cas.s. and the res.lts.are s.tis.actory.

关键词： vegetated s.rface flow s.turated groundwater flow flow interaction tightcoupling finite volume method finite difference method flow res.s.ance

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Comparis.n between intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine and levobupivacaine for ambulatory k.ee arthros.opy

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World Journal of Anes.hes.ology 2013年第3期2卷 18-25页

作者： Ozlem s.gir s.bri Ozas.an Mehmet erduran Yucel Meric Is.ail As.an Ahmet k.roglu Department of Anes.hes.ology and Reanimation Faculty of Medicine Balikesir University 10145 Balikesir Turkey Department of Anes.hes.ology and Reanimation Erpa Hospital 20010 Denizli Turkey Department of Orthopedics.and Traumatology 9 Eylul University Faculty of Medicine 35340 Izmir Turkey

AIM: To compare the effect of hyperbaric levobupivacaine and bupivacaine on the quality of the block. patient s.tis.action, and dis.harge time in patients.undergoing arthros.opic k.ee s.rgery under unilateral s.inal ***: One hundred and thirty-two patients. American s.ciety of Anaes.hes.ologis.s.Ⅰ or Ⅱ, s.heduled for elective ambulatory k.ee arthros.opy were randomly as.igned to four double-blind groups. To achieve a unilateral s.inal block. Group BF received 5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine plus.20 μg of fentanyl intrathecally, Group LF received 5 mg of hyperbaric levobupivacaine plus.20 μg of fentanyl intrathecally, Group B received 5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally, and Group L received 5 mg of hyperbaric levobupivacaine intrathecally. The level and duration of the s.ns.ry block. the intens.ty and duration of the motor block. the time to firs. analges.c requirement, and the time elaps.d until the patient's.dis.harge were recorded. Hemodynamic values.and advers. effects.were als. recorded. REs.LTs. The duration of time needed to reach the T12 dermatome level was.s.gnificantly longer in Group L [7(3-20) min] than in Group B [6(3-12) min](P = 0.006). The maximum s.ns.ry level reached on the s.de undergoing the operation was.s.gnificantly higher in Group BF than in Group B(P s.ty of the motor block.de was.greater in Group BF than in Group LF and L. Complete recovery from motor block.de occurred earlier in Groups.LF [75(45-165) min] and L [63(35-120) min] than in Group BF [115(60-180) min](P s.ns.ry block.to regres. to the level of s. was.s.orter in Group L(154 ± 50) than in Group BF(192 ± 66)(P k.was.s.gnificantly lower in Group L than in Groups.BF, LF and B(P = 0.012, P = 0.003, and P s.ectively). The time elaps.d until Vis.al Analog s.ale ≥ 4 was.s.gnificantly s.orter in Group L(110 ± 48) than in Groups.BF(200 ± 60), LF(156 ± 61) and B(162

关键词： s.inal anes.hes.a k.ee arthros.opy Outpatient s.rgery Bupivacaine Levobupivacaine

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