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Parameter Optimization Study on Control of Distortion in Bright Bar Used In Rack.Application Subjected To Induction Heat Treatment

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 579-581页

作者： k. palaniradja N. Alagumurthi V. Soundararajan Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India

The engineering properties of metals and alloys are related to their structures. The change in mechanical properties of the metals and alloys can be achieved by the process of heat treatment. Induction hardening is one such a process involves phase transformation by rapid heating and cooling of the outer surface. Induction hardening improves the outer surface hardness and wear resistant properties k.eping the original toughness and ductility in the inner core. However past experiences shows that during heat treatment, parts have undergone dimensional changes due to thermal fluctuations and phase transformations. Dimensional changes can lead to excessive distortion in the component which always presented difficulties to the uses of many varieties of steels which can be hardened by induction hardening. The dimensional changes in components which have been induction hardened have for a long time proved costly and troublesome to manufacturers. These difficulties apply particularly in the automotive industry where the amount of distortion in rack.and pinion assembly has been related to their noise level in operation and investigators have suggested a link.between distortion and the initiation of fatigue failure. [1] Although the complete elimination of distortion would be an ideal aim, manufacturers are reconciled to the fact that a certain amount of distortion is an inherent part of the hardening process. However, if the amount of distortion is uniform and predictable, an allowance could be made in the initial machining operations. It was with these aims that investigations into the control of distortion in bright bar (EN 18D steel) used in rack.application (Power steering assembly) have been carried out by parameter optimization

关键词：感应加热淬火变形 EN18D钢析因法回归模型

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Evaluation of Process Capability in Gas Carburizing Process to Achieve Quality through Limit Design Concept

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 395-397页

作者： k. palaniradja N. Alagumurthi V. Soundararajan Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India

Steel is the most important metallic material used in industry. This is because of the versatility of its engineering properties under different conditions. In one condition it can be very mild, soft and suitable for any forming operation. In another condition the same steel can be very hard and strong. This versatility is made possible by the different heat treatments that the steel can be subject to. One such treatment is Gas carburizing. This is the most widely used process for surface hardening of low carbon steels. In this method the surface composition of the steel changes by diffusion of carbon and or nitrogen and result in hard outer surface with good wear resistance properties. A strik.ng feature of Gas Carburizing process is that in this process the original toughness and ductility remains unaffected even after heat treatment. 3% nick.l chromium case hardened low carbon steels are widely used for critical automotive and machine applications such as rack.and pinion, gears, camshaft, valve rock.r shafts and axles which requires high fatigue resistance. Fatigue behaviour of case carburized parts depends to a great extent on the correct combination of Hardness Penetration Depth (HPD) and the magnitude of hardness at the surface and beneath the surface with low size and shape distortion. In order to reduce the manufacturing costs in terms of material consumption and elimination of the number of processing steps, the effect of Gas carburizing parameters on the fatigue behaviour should already be considered in the parameter design stage. Therefore it is of importance to optimize the gas carburizing process variables to attain quality products with respect to hardness and case depth. In the present paper, the evaluation of process capability was carried out through a Limit Design Concept called orthogonal array design of experiment. To optimize the process variables the influence of several parameters (Holding time, Carbon potential, Furnace temperature and Quench

关键词：气体渗碳最优化碳势存放时间消火时间炉温

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Study on Surface Engineering of Normalized Steels Subjected To Machine Hardening

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 1329-1332页

作者： N.Alagurmurthi k.palaniradja V.Soundararajan Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India

Engineering the surfaces of components to improve the life and performance of parts used in automotive and aerospace engineering is the active area of research. Suitable Thermal/ Mechanical/Thermo mechanical surface engineering treatments will produce extensive rearrangement of atoms in metals and alloys and corresponding mark.d variations in Physical, Chemical and Mechanical properties. Among the more important of these treatments are heat treatment processes such as hardening by Quenching, Induction hardening and Case Carburizing which rely on phase transformations to produce desired changes in mechanical properties. Other processes where phase transformation occur are casting, welding and machining etc. [1] Phase transformation may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous involves rearrangements in the structure of the material tak.ng place simultaneously in all parts of the solid, while the heterogeneous transformation involves structural changes which are more localized. Alternatively they could be called as Isothermal and Nonisothermal transformation. But irrespective of the classification, these transformations alter the structure of the material giving rise to changes in the mechanical and physical properties of the processed material. It is of interest to review some consequences of surface modification in isothermal (Normalizing) and nonisothermal transformations (Machining) of low carbon steels.

关键词：正火钢研磨硬化比能能量区别速率

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Analysis on Phase Transformation (ATP) Using Computational Thermal Principles (CTP)

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 716-719页

Computer analysis based on computational thermal principles to predict the transformation k.netics in steels at varying temperatures is of great practical importance in different areas of heat treatment. As a result, using the theory of transient state heat conduction with convective boundary conditions, an efficient program named "ATP" (Analysis on Phase Transformation) has been developed to determine the temperature distribution under different quenching conditions for different geometries such as plate, cylinder and sphere. In addition to these the microstructures and the corresponding hardness developed during quenching are predicted using Time Temperature Transformation (TTT) diagram incorporated in the analysis. To approve our work. dilation curves, Heisler charts and time-temperature history curve have been generated. This paper deals with basic objective of the program (ATP) determination of temperature, microstructure and hardness distribution and also includes an online prediction of austenite-pearlite and austenite-martensite transformation in steels along with the corresponding retained fractions. The quenching of a cylinder in gases, liquids and liquid metals is analyzed to show the non-liner effect of cylinder diameter on the temperature and microstructures. Further in the program we have considered a typical 1080 steel cylinders quenched in water for predicting and comparing the program results with experimental values and can be extended even to other grades of steels. The numerical results of program are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data obtained. Finally the quenching process analysis described in the study appears to be a promising tool for the design of heat-treatment process parameters for steels.

关键词：热处理相位变换 ATP 温度分布冷却曲线 CTP

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On The Enhancement of Wear Resistance of Hardened Carbon Tool Steel (AISI 1095) With Cryogenic Quenching

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 531-535页

作者： V.Soundararajan N.Alagurmurthi k.palaniradja Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India

Many experimental investigations reveal that it is very difficult to have a completely martensitic structure by any hardening process. Some amount of austenite is generally present in the hardened steel. This austenite existing along with martensite is normally referred as the retained austenite. The presence of retained austenite greatly reduces the mechanical properties and such steels do not develop maximum hardness even after cooling at rates higher than the critical cooling rates. Strength can be improved in hardened steels containing retained austenite by a process k.own as cryogenic quenching. Untransformed austenite is converted into martensite by this treatment. This conversion of retained austenite into martensite results in increased hardness, wear resistance and dimensional stability of steel. Wear can be defined as the progressive loss of materials from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface. Hardness, load, speed, surface roughness, temperature are the major factors which influences wear. Many studies on wear indicate that increasing hardness decreases the wear of a material. With this in mind, to study the surface wear on a surface modified (Cryogenic treated) steel material an attempt has been made in this paper. In this study as a Part -I Hardening was carried out on carbon tool steel (AISI 1095) of different L/D ratio with conventional quenchants lik. purified water, aqueous solution and Hot mineral oil. As a Part -II hardening was followed by quenching was carried out as said in Part-1 and the hardened specimen were quenched in liquid Nitrogen which is at sub zero condition. The specimens were tested for its microstructure, hardness and wear loss. The results were compared and analyzed. The alloying elements increases the content of retained austenite hence the material used was AISI1095 (Carbon 0.9%, Si 0.2%, MnO.4% and the rest Iron)

关键词： AISI1095钢液态氮低温淬火抗磨损性

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Prediction and optimization of end milling process parameters of cast aluminium based MMC

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2012年第7期22卷 1568-1574页

作者： R.AROk.ADASS k.palaniradja N.ALAGUMOORTHI Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering CollegePuducherry-605014India

The machining characteristics of LM25 Al/SiCp composite using end milling was investigated.A comprehensive mathematical model was developed for correlating the interactive and higher order influences of various process parameters on the dominant machining criteria,*** tool flank.wear phenomena,through response surface methodology,utilizing relevant experimental data obtained through *** plan was performed by a standard response surface methodology design called a central composite design（CCD）.The results of analysis of variance（ANOVA）indicate that the proposed mathematical model can adequately describe the performance within the limits of the studied *** combination of these parameters can be used to achieve the minimum tool flank.wear.

关键词： end milling metal matrix composite(MMC) response surface methodology optimization

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On The Enhancement of Wear Resistance of Hardened Carbon Tool Steel （AISI 1095） With Cryogenic Quenching

On The Enhancement of Wear Resistance of Hardened Carbon Too...

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14～(th) Congress of International Federation for Heat Treament and Surface Engineering

作者： V.Soundararajan N.Alagurmurthi k.palaniradja Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College India

＜正＞ Many experimental investigations reveal that it is very difficult to have a completely martensitic structure by any hardening process. Some amount of austenite is generally present in the hardened steel. This austenite existing along with martensite is normally referred as the retained austenite. The presence of retained austenite greatly reduces the mechanical properties and such steels do not develop maximum hardness even after cooling at rates higher than the critical cooling rates. Strength can be improved in hardened steels containing retained austenite by a process k.own as cryogenic quenching. Untransformed austenite is converted into martensite by this treatment. This conversion of retained austenite into martensite results in increased hardness, wear resistance and dimensional stability of steel. Wear can be defined as the progressive loss of materials from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface. Hardness, load, speed, surface roughness, temperature are the major factors which influences wear. Many studies on wear indicate that increasing hardness decreases the wear of a material. With this in mind, to study the surface wear on a surface modified （Cryogenic treated） steel material an attempt has been made in this paper. In this study as a Part-ⅠHardening was carried out on carbon tool steel （AISI 1095） of different L/D ratio with conventional quenchants lik. purified water, aqueous solution and Hot mineral oil. As a Part -Ⅱhardening was followed by quenching was carried out as said in Part-Ⅰand the hardened specimen were quenched in liquid Nitrogen which is at sub zero condition. The specimens were tested for its microstructure, hardness and wear loss. The results were compared and analyzed. The alloying elements increases the content of retained austenite hence the material used was AISI1095 （Carbon 0.9%, Si 0.2%, Mn0.4% and the rest Iron）

关键词： AISI 1095 steel Liquid Nitrogen Quenching Cryogenic Quenching Hardening

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