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Egg rejection behavior does not explain the lack of cowbird parasitism on an eastern North American population of Red-winged Blackbirds

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 431-440页

作者： justin j.reel Todd j.Underwood Department of Biology Kutztown University

Background:Red-winged Blackbirds(Agelaius phoeniceus),hereafter red-wings,are much less frequently parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds(Molothrus ater)in eastern North America than in central North America and had not been recorded as hosts in our study area in southeastern *** hosts of Old World cuckoos(Cuculidae)often show geographic variation in egg rejection behavior,cowbird hosts typically exhibit uniform responses of all acceptance or all rejection of cowbird ***,geographic variation in cowbird parasitism frequencies might reflect a different behavioral response to parasitism by hosts where only some populations reject *** this study,we tested whether egg rejection behavior may explain the lack of parasitism observed in our eastern red-wing population,which may provide insight into low parasitism levels across eastern North ***:We parasitized red-wing nests with model cowbird eggs to determine their response to *** were tested across three nest stages and compared to control nests with no *** rejection differed significantly by stage,we compared responses separately for each nest *** also monitored other songbird nests to identify parasitism frequencies on all potential ***:Red-wings showed significantly more rejections during the building stage,but not for the laying and incubation *** during nest building involved mostly egg burials,which likely represent a continuation of the nest building process rather than true rejection of the cowbird *** these responses,red-wings rejected 15%of cowbird eggs,which is similar to rejection levels from other studies and *** overall parasitism frequency on 11 species surveyed in our study area was only 7.4%.Conclusions:Egg rejection behavior does not explain the lack of parasitism on red-wings in our eastern ***,we suggest that cowbird preference for other hosts and the low abu

关键词： Brood parasitism Brown-headed Cowbird Egg rejection Geographic variation Red-winged Blackbird

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Does a large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long needle distance from the probe to the lesion reduce magnetic resonance imaging–targeted cancer detection?

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 144-147页

作者： Mark D.Bevill justin N.Drobish Kevin j.Flynn Maheen Rajput Catherine Metz Chad R.Tracy Paul T.Gellhaus Department of Urology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Department of Radiology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Background:We aimed to evaluate whether large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long lesion distance from the ultrasound probe tip would decrease cancer detection in transrectal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–targeted *** and methods:Patients who underwent MRI-targeted biopsy at our institution between May 2017 and August 2019 were enrolled in a prospective *** to 5 cores were obtained from≥2 prostate imaging reporting and data system v2 lesions.A multivariable model was created that included needle distance to the lesion,prostate specific antigen,prostate imaging reporting and data system,lesion volume,and prostate ***:A total of 377 patients with 533 lesions underwent a biopsy during the study period.A total of 233(44%)lesions were positive for prostate cancer,and 173(32%)lesions had clinically significant prostate *** mean needle distance to the lesion was 11.7mm(interquartile range,7.6–15.5mm).The likelihood of obtaining a positive core on biopsy decreased as the distance fromthe ultrasound probe increased for all prostate cancers and clinically significant prostate cancer(p=0.018 and p=0.004,respectively).Every 10mmfrom the rectum,there was an 8%–10%decrease in the rate of cancer ***,as the prostate volume increased,the odds of obtaining a positive core also decreased(p=0.039).There was no significant association between the lesion size and amount of cancer obtained on ***:Our data showed that transrectal MRI-targeted biopsy cancer detection modestly decreased the lesion from the ultrasound probe and with a large prostate volume but could not prove that lesion volume was a significant predictor of the amount of cancer detected.

关键词： Prostate cancer Biopsy Magnetic resonance imaging

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A Novel Approach to Breast Tumor Detection: Enhanced Speckle Reduction and Hybrid Classification in Ultrasound Imaging

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 1875-1901页

作者： K.Umapathi S.Shobana Anand Nayyar judith justin R.Vanithamani Miguel Villagómez Galindo Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari Hitesh Panchal Department of Biomedical Engineering KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641402India Graduate School Faculty of Information TechnologyDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Viet Nam Department of Biomedical and Instrumentation Engineering Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education forWomenCoimbatore641043India UniversidadMichoacana de SanNicolás de HidalgoAvenida Francisco j.Múgica S/N Ciudad Universitaria MoreliaCP58030Mexico Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Gujarat Technological UniveristyNigam NagarChandkhedaAhmedabadGujarat382424India

Breast cancer detection heavily relies on medical imaging, particularly ultrasound, for early diagnosis and effectivetreatment. This research addresses the challenges associated with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breastcancer fromultrasound images. The primary challenge is accurately distinguishing between malignant and benigntumors, complicated by factors such as speckle noise, variable image quality, and the need for precise segmentationand classification. The main objective of the research paper is to develop an advanced methodology for breastultrasound image classification, focusing on speckle noise reduction, precise segmentation, feature extraction, andmachine learning-based classification. A unique approach is introduced that combines Enhanced Speckle ReducedAnisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) filters for speckle noise reduction, U-NET-based segmentation, Genetic Algorithm(GA)-based feature selection, and Random Forest and Bagging Tree classifiers, resulting in a novel and efficientmodel. To test and validate the hybrid model, rigorous experimentations were performed and results state thatthe proposed hybrid model achieved accuracy rate of 99.9%, outperforming other existing techniques, and alsosignificantly reducing computational time. This enhanced accuracy, along with improved sensitivity and specificity,makes the proposed hybrid model a valuable addition to CAD systems in breast cancer diagnosis, ultimatelyenhancing diagnostic accuracy in clinical applications.

关键词： Ultrasound images breast cancer tumor classification segmentation deep learning lesion detection

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教老年老鼠学新把戏

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第2期 52-57页

作者： Cara Giaimo justin j.Wee(摄影) 杜然(译) 不详

在缅因州巴港的杰克逊实验室里,实验员每天都要仔细查看他们饲养的几组特殊的小鼠。这些小鼠都已存活了600余天,大致相当于人类的60岁;有些甚至远不止这个数。有几只可能需要帮助才能够到饮水器,但其中许多小鼠都是我们人类希望老去后... 详细信息

在缅因州巴港的杰克逊实验室里,实验员每天都要仔细查看他们饲养的几组特殊的小鼠。这些小鼠都已存活了600余天,大致相当于人类的60岁;有些甚至远不止这个数。有几只可能需要帮助才能够到饮水器,但其中许多小鼠都是我们人类希望老去后的样子,用该实验室的科学主任纳迪娅·罗森塔尔(Nadia Rosenthal)的话说。

关键词：罗森塔尔缅因州实验员杰克逊实验室饮水器小鼠

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Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent j.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-johnson Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire Department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

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Altered expression of m^(1)A regulatory genes is associated with oncogenic pathways,overall survival,and infiltration of immune cells in diverse human cancers

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 739-742页

作者： Renhua Song justin j-L Wong Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute The University of SydneyCamperdown 2050Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of SydneyCamperdown 2050Australia

Of over 170 types of RNA modifications discovered,N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most actively studied.m6A confers oncogenic potential,maintains cancer stem cells,and is associated with cancer-related outcomes.^(... 详细信息

关键词： cancer maintain immune

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Strategies to promote the maturation of ALS-associated SOD1 mutants: small molecules return to the fold

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1511-1512页

作者： Luke McAlary justin j.Yerbury Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute WollongongNSWAustralia School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience Molecular HorizonsFaculty of ScienceMedicine and HealthUniversity of WollongongNSWAustralia

(Cu)^IIATSM(CuATSM)promotes the proper folding of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(fALS)-associated copper,zinc superoxide dismutase(SOD1):ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the cortex and spinal cord,resulting in paralysis and ultimately *** majority of cases are sporadic and the remainder are fALS where a subset of cases are associated with over 160,mostly missense,mutations in the SOD1 enzyme ***,these mutations impede the correct folding of SOD1 by disrupting either metal binding,disulfide formation,and/or dimerization,leading to the accumulation of misfolded SOD1 which can form the intracellular inclusions observed in patient tissue.

关键词： (Cu)^IIATSM(CuATSM) familial amyotrophic patient tissue

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Psychological, social, and sexual challenges affecting men receiving male infertility treatment: a systematic review and implications for clinical care

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Asian journal of Andrology 2023年第4期25卷 448-453页

作者： Winston Wu justin La Kathryn M Schubach Daniel Lantsberg Darren j Katz Department of Urology Western HealthSt AlbansVIC 3021Australia Department of Urology Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical CenterSan RafaelCA 94903USA Men’s Health Melbourne MelbourneVIC 3000Australia Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women’s HospitalParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Melbourne IVF East MelbourneVIC 3002Australia Department of Surgery Western PrecinctUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

In recent years, social research surrounding the consequences of infertility has increasingly focused on the male perspective;however, a gap exists in the understanding of men’s experiences of male infertility treatment. This review aims to synthesize theexisting evidence concerning the psychological, social, and sexual burden of male infertility treatment on men, as well as patientneeds during clinical care. A systematic search identified 12 studies that are diverse in design, setting, and methods. Psychologicalevaluations have found that urological surgery may have a lasting impact on infertility-specific stress, and treatment failure canlead to feelings of depression, grief, and inadequacy. Men tended to have an avoidant coping mechanism throughout fertilitytreatment, and their self-esteem, relationship quality, and sexual functions can be tied to outcomes of treatment. Partner bonds canbe strengthened by mutual support and enhanced communication;couple separation, however, has been noted as a predominantreason for discontinuing male infertility treatment and may be associated with difficult circumstances surrounding severe maleinfertility. Surgical treatments can affect the sexual functioning of infertile men;however, the impact of testicular sperm extractionoutcomes appears to be psychologically driven whereas the improvements after microsurgical varicocelectomy are only evident inhypogonadal men. Clinically, there is a need for better inclusion, communication, education, and resource provision, to addressreported issues of marginalization and uncertainty in men. Routine psychosocial screening in cases of severe male infertility andfollow-up in cases of surgical treatment failure are likely beneficial.

关键词： male infertility male infertility treatment patient experience patient-centered care psychosocial sexual

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Highly active and durable Pd-Cu catalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第3期11卷 299-309页

作者： Xiong PENG Travis j. OMASTA justin M. ROLLER William E. MUSTAIN Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut 191 Auditorium Drive Storrs CT 06269 USA

A Pd-Cu catalyst, with primary B2-type phase, supported by VulcanXC-7R carbon was synthesized via a solvothermal method. The catalysts were physically and electrochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, trans- mission electron microscopy （TEM） and both cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry using a rotating disk electrode （RDE）. During the RDE testing, the half-wave potential of the Pd-Cu/Vulcan catalyst was 50 mV higher compared to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） in alkaline media. The Pd-Cu/Vulcan exhibited a specific activity of 1.27 mA/cm2 and a mass activity of 0.59 A/mgpd at 0.9 V, which were 4 and 3 times greater than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. The Pd-Cu/Vulcan catalyst also showed higher in-situ alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell （AEMFC） performance, with operating power densities of 1100 MW/cm2 operating on H2/O2 and 700 MW/cm2 operating on H2/Air （CO2-free）, which were markedly higher than those of the commercial Pt/C. The Pd-Cu/ Vulcan catalyst also exhibited high stability during a short-term, in-situ AEMFC durability test, with only around 11% performance loss after 30 hours of operation, an improve- ment over most AEMFCs reported in the literature to date.

关键词： alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cell Pd-Cu oxygen reduction high performance water

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Hyperparameter Optimization Based Deep Belief Network for Clean Buses Using Solar Energy Model

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 1091-1109页

作者： Shekaina justin Wafaa Saleh Tasneem Al Ghamdi j.Shermina College of Engineering Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh 84428Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Transport Engineering School of Engineering and The Built Environment Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburgh EH105DUK Department of Computing Muscat CollegeUniversity of SterlingUK

Renewable energy has become a solution to the world’s energy concerns in recent ***(PV)technology is the fastest technique to convert solar radiation into ***-powered buses,metros,and cars use PV *** technologies are always *** in the parameters that need to be analysed and examined include PV capabilities,vehicle power requirements,utility patterns,acceleration and deceleration rates,and storage module type and capacity,among *** is intermit-tent and *** forecasting and modelling of PV sys-tem output power are key to managing storage,delivery,and smart *** unparalleled data granularity,a data-driven system could better anticipate solar *** learning(DL)models have gained popularity due to their capacity to handle complex datasets and increase computing *** article introduces the Galactic Swarm Optimization with Deep Belief Network(GSODBN-PPGF)*** GSODBN-PPGF model predicts PV power *** GSODBN-PPGF model normalises data using data *** is used to forecast PV power *** GSO algorithm boosts the DBN model’s predicted ***-PPGF projected 0.002 after 40 h but observed *** GSODBN-PPGF model validation is compared to existing *** showed that the GSODBN-PPGF model outperformed recent *** shows that the proposed model is better at forecasting than other models and can be used to predict the PV power output for the next day.

关键词： Photovoltaic systems solar energy power generation prediction model deep learning

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