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Gastrointestinal dysbiosis and the use of fecal microbial transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2015年第4期6卷 169-180页

作者： L Patrick Schenck Paul L beck justin a mac donald Gastrointestinal Research Group at the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of Calgary Gastrointestinal Research Group at the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Gastrointestinal Research Group at the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of Calgary

The impact of antibiotics on the human gut microbiota is a significant concern. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea has been on the rise for the past few decades with the increasing usage of antibiotics. Clostridium difficile infections(CDI) have become one of the most prominent types of infectious diarrheal disease, with dramatically increased incidence in both the hospital and community setting worldwide. Studies show that variability in the innate host response may in part impact upon CDI severity in patients. That being said, CDI is a disease that shows the most prominent links to alterations to the gut microbiota, in both cause and treatment. With recurrence rates still relatively high, it is important to explore alternative therapies to CDI. Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) and other types of bacteriotherapy have become exciting avenues of treatment for CDI. Recent clinical trials have generated excitement for the use of FMT as a therapeutic option for CDI; however, the exact components of the human gut microbiota needed for protection against CDI have remained elusive. Additional investigations on the effects of antibiotics on the human gut microbiota and subsequent CDI will help reduce the socioeconomic burden of CDI and potentially lead to new therapeutic modalities.

关键词： human gut microbiota Antibiotic-associated diarrhe

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Feeding behavior and hormoligosis associated with imidacloprid resistance in Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1211-1221页

作者： Xue Dong Chen justin George Lauren M.Diepenbrock Hunter Gossett Guoping Liu Jawwad A.Qureshi Lukasz L.Stelinski Entomology and Nematology Department University of FloridaCitrus Research and Education CenterLake AlfredFloridaUSA Southern Insect Management Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMississippiUSA Entomology and Nematology Department University of FloridaSouthwest Florida Research and Education CenterImmokaleeFloridaUSA

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used for managing the Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,which serves as vector of phytopathogens causing citrus ***,development of resistance to neonicotinoids among populations of *** has coincided with occasional control failures in the *** objectives of this research were to(1)survey current levels of imidacloprid resistance in Florida citrus;(2)compare feeding behavior between imidacloprid-resistant and susceptible *** using electrical penetration graph recordings,and(3)investigate the possible amplification of insecticide hormoligosis associated with *** surveys confirmed that the susceptibility of *** populations to imidacloprid has decreased in commercial Florida citrus groves compared with a laboratory-susceptible *** 12 generations of selection,resistance to imidacloprid increased by 438 fold compared with the susceptible ***-susceptible *** feeding on citrus exhibited significantly more bouts associated with intercellular pathway(C),phloem penetration(D),phloem salivation(E1),and nonprobing(Np)activities than imidacloprid-resistant ***,there were no differences observed in the frequency or duration of phloem ingestion or xylem feeding between susceptible and resistant *** was no statistical difference in fecundity between resistant and susceptible ***,the fecundity of imidacloprid-susceptible female *** treated with a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid(LC_(25))increased significantly compared with controls,while such hormoligosis was less pronounced among imidacloprid-resistant *** results suggest that imidacloprid-resistant psyllids may cease feeding sooner than susceptible counterparts following sublethal exposure to this insecticide,indicative of a behavioral resistance mechanism.

关键词： artificial selection electrical penetration graph feeding behavior hormoligosis insecticide resistance sublethal exposure

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邻家男孩已长大,乖乖“B宝”也变坏?

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疯狂英语（阅读版） 2013年第6期 4-9页

作者： Paul Harris mac

他违反法规，又因与一个女孩的风流韵事而出糗，然后被抓飙车，那种疯狂程度恐怕会让他的父母好几晚睡不着觉。这样说吧，流行歌星贾斯汀·比伯现在的表现就像任何刚满18岁的小青年，在成人世界苦苦挣扎，希望找到自己的位置。

关键词：男孩成人世界疯狂

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