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Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第12期23卷 2106-2123页

作者： Hanne Van Spaendonk Hannah Ceuleers Leonie Witters Eveline Patteet jurgen Joossens Koen Augustyns Anne-Marie Lambeir Ingrid De Meester Joris G De Man Benedicte Y De Winter Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Antwerp Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Antwerp Drug Discovery Network University of Antwerp Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry University of Antwerp

The gastrointestinal barrier is-with approximately 400 m^2-the human body's largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu. This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host contact with noxious luminal antigens on the other hand. To maintain this selective barrier, junction protein complexes seal the intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells and regulate the paracellular transport. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with and suggested as a player in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to high levels of endogenous and exogenous proteases, both in the lumen and in the mucosa. There is increasing evidence to suggest that a dysregulation of the protease/antiprotease balance in the gut contributes to epithelial damage and increased permeability. Excessive proteolysis leads to direct cleavage of intercellular junction proteins, or to opening of the junction proteins via activation of protease activated receptors. In addition, proteases regulate the activity and availability of cytokines and growth factors, which are also known modulators of intestinal permeability. This review aims at outlining the mechanisms by which proteases alter the intestinal permeability. More knowledge on the role of proteases in mucosal homeostasis and gastrointestinal barrier function will definitely contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for permeability-related diseases.

关键词： Intestinal permeability Intestinal barrier Tight junction Paracellular permeability Proteases Proteinase-activated receptor Protease inhibitor Antiproteases

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梦想照进现实

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车主之友 2009年第8期 86-91页

作者： jurgen Sehramek jurgen Zerha(摄影)

阿斯顿·马丁，法拉力和保时捷之所以成为跑车中的佼佼者，不仅仅是得益于其动力性上的优势。

关键词：保时捷动力性跑车

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Comparison between Google Earth KML Data and RTK Data on a Flight Planning Simulated to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Microdrone MD4-1000

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2012年第10期2卷 613-616页

作者： Antoninho Joao Pegoraro Marcelo Costa Napoleao jurgen Wilhelm Philips University of Santa Catarina Joao David Ferreira Lima Chancellor University Campus Florian6polis City Santa CatarinaState CEP 88040-9 Brazil

The UAVs （unmanned aerial vehicles） and the use of graphical data files of extension KML （keyhole markup language） have become popular nowadays. The KML files are associated to the Google Earth applications. Developed by Microdrone company for planning, overflight simulation and data flight analysis, the program mdCockpit was used in this experiment. The UAV Microdrone＇s flight path was programmed in two ways： using geo referenced images from Google Earth and entering points coordinates into the program. These points have had their geographical decimal coordinates collected by GPS （global positioning system）（RTK （real time kinematic）） method. The aim here is to describe a way of evaluating the difference between the alternatives of flight planning. A flight path, defined a route with 22 points, was also simulated in the program mdCockpit. The points were collected and saved, while the images captured by the program went automatically forming a georeferenced mosaic. A comparison between the differences of coordinates to each point was made by choosing on the images and also by a RTK positioning. The result was up to 14.20 m to a 100 m flight height. There is a significant change of position and this can result in unwanted over flights in locations or even jeopardizing the safety of air activity.

关键词： Simulation of flight path MD4-1000 KML data RTK data.

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Near-infrared fluorescence guided esophageal reconstructive surgery: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第3期11卷 250-263页

作者： Elke Van Daele Yves Van Nieuwenhove Wim Ceelen Christian Vanhove Bart P Braeckman Anne Hoorens jurgen Van Limmen Oswald Varin Dirk Van de Putte Wouter Willaert Piet Pattyn Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Ghent University Hospital/Ghent University Department of Electronics and information systems Ghent University Department of Biology Ghent University Department of Pathology Ghent University Hospital/Ghent University Department of Anaesthesiology Ghent University Hospital/ Ghent University

BACKGROUND After an esophagectomy, the stomach is most commonly used to restore continuity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. These esophago-gastric anastomoses are prone to serious complications such as leakage associated with high morbidity and mortality. Graft perfusion is considered to be an important predictor for anastomotic integrity. Based on the current literature we believe Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography(ICGA) is an easy assessment tool for gastric tube(GT) perfusion, and it might predict anastomotic leakage(AL).AIM To evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of ICGA in GT perfusion assessment and as a predictor of *** This study was designed according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database. PubMed and EMBASE were independently searched by 2 reviewers for studies presenting data on intraoperative ICGA GT perfusion assessment during esophago-gastric reconstruction after *** outcomes such as feasibility, complications, intraoperative surgical changes based on ICGA findings, quantification attempts, anatomical data and the impact of ICGA on postoperative anastomotic complications, were collected by 2 independent researchers. The quality of the included articles was assessed based on the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. The 19 included studies presented data on 1192 esophagectomy patients, in 758 patients ICGA was used perioperative to guide esophageal *** The 19 included studies for qualitative analyses all described ICGA as a safe and easy method to evaluate gastric graft perfusion. AL occurred in 13.8% of the entire cohort, 10% in the ICG guided group and 20.6% in the control group(P <0.001). When poorly perfused cases are excluded from the analyses, the difference in AL was even larger(AL well-perfused group 6.3% vs control group 20.5%, P <0.001). The AL rate in the group with an altered surgical plan based on the ICG image was 6.5%, similar to the well perfu

关键词： Indocyanine green Angiography Fluorescence Esophagectomy Anastomotic leak Near-infrared spectroscopy Esophageal neoplasms Esophageal cancer

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杂砂岩碱集料反应特征

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硅酸盐学报 2008年第10期36卷 1385-1389页

作者：莫祥银景颖杰 HUNGER Klaus-jurgen 康彩荣沈健南京师范大学分析测试中心＆江苏省生物功能材料重点实验室南京210097 Faculty for Architecture Civil Engineeringnd Urban Planning Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Cottbus 03046 Germany 南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院南京210009

杂砂岩集料所含的石英组分是引起碱集料反应的主要活性来源,研究该集料中的石英溶出及其在碱溶液中的行为特征,结果发现:石英颗粒尺寸和相应的硅溶出速度之间存在着一定的相关性,即:石英颗粒尺寸越小,其比表面积越大,同等条件下相应的... 详细信息

杂砂岩集料所含的石英组分是引起碱集料反应的主要活性来源,研究该集料中的石英溶出及其在碱溶液中的行为特征,结果发现:石英颗粒尺寸和相应的硅溶出速度之间存在着一定的相关性,即:石英颗粒尺寸越小,其比表面积越大,同等条件下相应的硅溶出速度越大;石英颗粒的结构特征变化规律与杂砂岩试样本身的碱活性大小之间不存在相关性。集料中的铝主要来源于γ-Al2O3纳米相、黑云母和白云母,其对溶液中硅溶出的影响机理不同。集料中的铝溶出生成铝硅酸盐从而引起溶液中溶出硅含量的降低,砂浆或混凝土碱集料反应膨胀率的大小与溶液中所谓的"自由硅"含量有关,即"自由硅"含量越大,同等条件下的碱集料反应膨胀越大。这些相关性对于实际工程应用非常重要,由此可望建立评价杂砂岩碱活性敏感性的直接测试方法。研究还发现通过添加高铝粉可抑制碱集料反应产生的膨胀。

关键词：碱集料反应砂岩铝溶出过程化学测试方法

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High-efficiency normal-incidence vertical p-i-n photodetectors on a germanium-on-insulator platform

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Photonics Research 2017年第6期5卷 221-228页

作者： YIDING LIN KWANG HONG LEE SHUYU BAO XIN GUO HONG WANG jurgen MICHEL CHUAN SENG TAN School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Low Energy Electronic Systems LEES Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology

In this paper, normal incidence vertical p-i-n photodetectors on a germanium-on-insulator(GOI) platform were demonstrated. The vertical p-i-n structure was realized by ion-implanting boron and arsenic at the bottom and top of the Ge layer, respectively, during the GOI fabrication. Abrupt doping profiles were verified in the transferred high-quality Ge layer. The photodetectors exhibit a dark current density of ~47 mA∕cm^2 at-1 V and an optical responsivity of 0.39 A/W at 1550 nm, which are improved compared with state-of-the-art demonstrated GOI photodetectors. An internal quantum efficiency of ~97% indicates excellent carrier collection efficiency of the device. The photodetectors with mesa diameter of 60 μm exhibit a 3 dB bandwidth of ~1 GHz, which agrees well with theoretical calculations. The bandwidth is expected to improve to ~32 GHz with mesa diameter of 10 μm. This work could be similarly extended to GOI platforms with other intermediate layers and potentially enrich the functional diversity of GOI for near-infrared sensing and communication integrated with Ge CMOS and mid-infrared photonics.

关键词： Si

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PIC-integrable,uniformly tensile-strained Ge-on-insulator photodiodes enabled by recessed SiN_(x) stressor

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Photonics Research 2021年第7期9卷 1255-1263页

作者： YIDING LIN DANHAO MA KWANG HONG LEE RUI-TAO WEN GOVINDO SYARANAMUAL LIONEL CKIMERLING CHUAN SENG TAN jurgen MICHEL School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Low Energy Electronic Systems(LEES) Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore 138602Singapore department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Materials Research Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle(Saale)06120Germany Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055China

Mechanical strain engineering has been promising for many integrated photonic applications. However,for the engineering of a material electronic bandgap,a trade-off exists between the strain uniformity and the integration compatibility with photonic-integrated circuits (PICs). Herein,we adopted a straightforward recess-type design of a silicon nitride (SiNx) stressor to achieve a uniform strain with enhanced magnitude in the material of interest on PICs. Normal-incidence,uniformly 0.56% tensile strained germanium (Ge)-on-insulator (GOI) metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes were demonstrated,using the recessed stressor with 750 MPa tensile stress. The device exhibits a responsivity of 1.840.15 A∕W at 1550 nm. The extracted Ge absorption coefficient is enhanced by -3.2×to 8340 cm^(-1) at 1612 nm and is superior to that of In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As up to 1630 nm limited by the measurement spectrum. Compared with the nonrecess strained device,additional absorption coefficient improvement of 10%–20% in the C-band and 40%–60% in the L-band was observed. This work facilitates the recessstrained GOI photodiodes for free-space PIC applications and paves the way for various (e.g.,Ge,GeSn or III-V based) uniformly strained photonic devices on PICs.

关键词： recess strained stress

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外汇风险-模型、工具和管理策略

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丛书名：金融风险管理译丛

2004年

作者：（德）jurgen Hakala （德）Uwe Wystup 戴金平李治译

本书介绍了外汇衍生品数量研究的历史和最新发展，讨论了一些市场品种及其定价问题、基本数理工具、希腊符号、风险管理和相关性管理。

ISBN: (数字)7310021401

ISBN: (纸本)7310021401

本书介绍了外汇衍生品数量研究的历史和最新发展，讨论了一些市场品种及其定价问题、基本数理工具、希腊符号、风险管理和相关性管理。

关键词：外汇管理学科:风险管理学科:研究风险管理

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一种适用于预制混凝土企业试验室的方法矿物添加剂的实用性能评价

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建筑砌块与砌块建筑 2021年第2期 6-6,8-10,12-14,56页

作者： jurgen Oecknick 苏黎世PSA公司瑞士苏黎世8610

额外的胶凝材料和其他矿物添加剂,对建设过程的质量、成本、“绿色度”和资源再生利用,都能带来决定性的影响。这还仅仅是开始,未来整个建筑材料行业将十分依赖于使用各种来源的所谓矿物“额外成分”。如果现行“建筑规范(方法)”对常... 详细信息

额外的胶凝材料和其他矿物添加剂,对建设过程的质量、成本、“绿色度”和资源再生利用,都能带来决定性的影响。这还仅仅是开始,未来整个建筑材料行业将十分依赖于使用各种来源的所谓矿物“额外成分”。如果现行“建筑规范(方法)”对常用的硅酸盐水泥净浆、砂浆和混凝土中,所掺加的矿物添加剂性能实验室评估测试方法,是相辅相成的话,那也可以用“可持续”方式,来解决由此产生的挑战。对于个别场合最终产品使用矿物添加剂,性能测试方法能够用来表征特定需要考虑哪些因素。此外,通过性能测试方法,还详细地证明掺加矿物添加剂带来的潜在好处,并强调给出应如何妥善处理每种原材料应用时,应关注与生产工艺过程相关的缺陷。

关键词：预制混凝土建筑规范水泥净浆建筑材料行业资源再生利用实验室评估实用性能仅仅是开始

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Wearable multifunctional printed graphene sensors

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 132-141页

作者： Altynay Kaidarova Mohammed Asadullah Khan Marco Marengo Liam Swanepoel Alexander Przybysz Cobus Muller Andreas Fahlman Ulrich Buttner Nathan R.Geraldi Rory P.Wilson Carlos M.Duarte jurgen Kosel Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences&Engineering(CEMSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering 7600 Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa Carrer d’Eduardo Primo Yúfera 146013 ValenciaSpain Red Sea Research Center(RSRC)and Computational Biosciences Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaThuwal 23955Saudi Arabia Swansea Lab for Animal Movement BiosciencesSwansea UniversitySwansea SA28PP WalesUK

The outstanding properties of graphene have initiated myriads of research and development;yet, its economic impact is hamperedby the difficulties encountered in production and practical application. Recently discovered laser-induced graphene is generated bya simple printing process on flexible and lightweight polyimide films. Exploiting the electrical features and mechanical pliability ofLIG on polyimide, we developed wearable resistive bending sensors that pave the way for many cost-effective measurementsystems. The versatile sensors we describe can be utilized in a wide range of configurations, including measurement of force,deflection, and curvature. The deflection induced by different forces and speeds is effectively sensed through a resistancemeasurement, exploiting the piezoresistance of the printed graphene electrodes. The LIG sensors possess an outstanding range forstrain measurements reaching >10% A double-sided electrode concept was developed by printing the same electrodes on bothsides of the film and employing difference measurements. This provided a large bidirectional bending response combined withtemperature compensation. Versatility in geometry and a simple fabrication process enable the detection of a wide range of flowspeeds, forces, and deflections. The sensor response can be easily tuned by geometrical parameters of the bending sensors and theLIG electrodes. As a wearable device, LIG bending sensors were used for tracking body movements. For underwater operation,PDMS-coated LIG bending sensors were integrated with ultra-low power aquatic tags and utilized in underwater animal speedmonitoring applications, and a recording of the surface current velocity on a coral reef in the Red Sea.

关键词： underwater printing utilized

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