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Assessm.nt of Clim.te Change’s Im.acts on River Flows in the Songwe Sub-Basin

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Open Journal of m.dern Hydrology 2023年第2期13卷 141-164页

作者： Lupakisyo G. m.alwiba Gislar E. Kifanyi Edm.nd m.tayoba julius m. ndambuki Nyem. Chilagane College of Engineering and Technology Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania Departm.nt of Irrigation and Water Supply Engineering Water Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania

River flow in the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to alter due to clim.te change, which would have an im.act on aquatic habitats, infrastructure, and people’s way of life. Therefore, the influence of clim.te change should be taken into account when m.king decisions about the sustainable m.nagem.nt of water resources in the sub-basin. This study looked into how river discharge would react to clim.te change in the future. By contrasting hydrological characteristics sim.lated under historical clim.te (1981-2010) with projected clim.te (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) under two em.ssion scenarios, the effects of clim.te change on river flow were evaluated (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). The ensem.le average of four CORDEX regional clim.te m.dels was built to address the issue of uncertainty introduced by the clim.te m.dels. The SWAT m.del was force-calibrated using the results from.the generated ensem.le average for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 em.ssion scenarios in order to m.m.c the river flow during past (1981-2010) and future (2011-2100) events. The increase in river flows for the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to be largest during the rainy season by both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Under RCP 8.5, the abrupt decrease in river flow is anticipated to reach its m.xim.m.in m.rch 2037, when the discharge will be 44.84 m.sup>3/sec, and in m.rch 2027, when the discharge will be 48 m.sup>3/sec. The extrem. surge in river flow will peak, according to the RCA4, in February 2023, in April 2083 under RCP 4.5, and, according to the CCLm. and RCA4, in Novem.er 2027 and Novem.er 2046, respectively. The expected decrease and increase in river flow throughout both the dry and wet seasons m.y have an im.act on the m.nagem.nt of the sub-water basin’s resources, biodiversity, and hydraulic structures. The right adaptations and m.tigation strategies should be adopted in order to lessen the negative consequences of clim.te change on precipitation, tem.erature, and river flow in t

关键词： Clim.te Change Clim.te m.dels Songwe River Sub-Basin River Flow SWAT

Application of SWAT m.del to the Olifants Basin: Calibration, Validation and Uncertainty Analysis

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第3期8卷 397-410页

作者： Charles Gyam.i julius m.syoka ndambuki Ram.dhan Wanjala Salim Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa School of Bio-Resources Engineering Anglican University College of Technology Nkoranza Ghana

The application of the Soil and Water Assessm.nt Tool (SWAT) to the Olifants Basin in South Africa was the focus of our study with em.hasis on calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. The Basin was discretized into 23 sub-basins and 226 Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) using 3 arc second (90 m.× 90 m. pixel resolution SRTm.DEm.with stream.gauge B7H015 as the Basin outlet. Observed stream.flow data at B7H015 were used for m.del calibration (1988-2001) and validation (2002-2013) using the split sam.le approach. Relative global sensitivity analysis using SUFI-2 algorithm.was used to determ.ne sensitive param.ters to stream.flow for calibration of the m.del. Perform.nce efficiency of the Olifants SWAT m.del was assessed using Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE), coefficient of determ.nation (R2), Percent Bias (PBIAS) and Root m.an Square Error-Observation Standard deviation Ratio (RSR). Sensitivity analysis revealed in decreasing order of significance, runoff curve num.er (CN2), alpha bank factor (ALPHA_BNK), soil evaporation com.ensation factor (ESCO), soil available water capacity (SOIL_AWC, m. H2O/m. soil), groundwater delay (GW_ DELAY, days) and groundwater “revap” coefficient (GW_REVAP) to be the m.st sensitive param.ters to stream.flow. Analysis of the m.del during the calibration period gave the following statistics;NSE = 0.88;R2 = 0.89;PBIAS = -11.49%;RSR = 0.34. On the other hand, statistics during the validation period were NSE = 0.67;R2 = 0.79;PBIAS = -20.69%;RSR = 0.57. The observed statistics indicate the applicability of the SWAT m.del in sim.lating the hydrology of the Olifants Basin and therefore can be used as a Decision Support Tool (DST) by water m.nagers and other relevant decisions m.king bodies to influence policy directions on the m.nagem.nt of watershed processes especially water resources.

关键词： Calibration Validation Uncertainty Analysis Olifants Basin SWAT m.del

On the nonclassical dynam.cs of cavity-assisted four-channel nonlinear coupler

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第11期27卷 498-505页

作者： Rafael julius Abdel-Baset m.A Ibrahim.Pankaj Kum.r Choudhury Hichem.Eleuch Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Perak Tapah Campus Institute of m.croengineering and Nanoelectronics Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Departm.nt of Applied Sciences and m.them.tics College of Arts and Sciences Abu Dhabi University Institute for Quantum.Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station

The non-classical properties of light propagating in four-channel Kerr waveguides, confined in an optical cavity, are studied. The solution to the Ham.ltonian of field operators is obtained sem.-analytically by using sym.etrically ordered phase-space representation. Full quantum.analysis of the input coherent fields displays a strong transition of photon property between the super-Poissonian and sub-Poissonian statistics. It is found that the cavity-assisted m.ltichannel system.exhibits enhanced squeezing both in single-and com.ound-m.de. This m.ltichannel system.m.y be utilized as an efficient quantum.ight generator.

关键词： squeezed states Kerr effects Langevin equation

Accuracy Assessm.nt of Land Use/Land Cover Classification Using Rem.te Sensing and GIS

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第4期8卷 611-622页

作者： Sophia S. Rwanga J. m. ndambuki Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Tshwane University Technology Pretoria South Africa Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Vaal University of Technology Vanderbijlpark South Africa Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

Rem.te sensing is one of the tool which is very im.ortant for the production of Land use and land cover m.ps through a process called im.ge classification. For the im.ge classification process to be successfully, several factors should be considered including availability of quality Landsat im.gery and secondary data, a precise classification process and user’s experiences and expertise of the procedures. The objective of this research was to classify and m.p land-use/land-cover of the study area using rem.te sensing and Geospatial Inform.tion System.(GIS) techniques. This research includes two sections (1) Landuse/Landcover (LULC) classification and (2) accuracy assessm.nt. In this study supervised classification was perform.d using Non Param.tric Rule. The m.jor LULC classified were agriculture (65.0%), water body (4.0%), and built up areas (18.3%), m.xed forest (5.2%), shrubs (7.0%), and Barren/bare land (0.5%). The study had an overall classification accuracy of 81.7% and kappa coefficient (K) of 0.722. The kappa coefficient is rated as substantial and hence the classified im.ge found to be fit for further research. This study present essential source of inform.tion whereby planners and decision m.kers can use to sustainably plan the environm.nt.

关键词： Accuracy assessm.nt Geographic Inform.tion System. (GIS) Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Rem.te Sensing

Estim.tion of Groundwater Recharge Using GIS m.thod: A Case Study of m.kotopong Village—Polokwane, South Africa

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第11期12卷 985-1000页

作者： S. J. Tleane J. m. ndambuki Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

South Africa is a relatively dry country, with m.st rural areas experiencing high dem.nd for water supply. Groundwater is one of the best alternative sources that can be used to augm.nt the dem.nd. However, this cannot sustainably be achieved unless accurate prediction of recharge to the groundwater aquifer is done. The objective of the study was to accurately estim.te the groundwater recharge using ArcGIS m.thod with a view of ensuring adequate groundwater for water supply exploitation. The study was conducted in m.kotopong village in Polokwane. Data used in the study were sourced from.diverse governm.ntal agencies. Borehole logs were obtained from.National Groundwater Archives. Geological and hydrogeological data were obtained from.Council for Geoscience. All captured data were analysed to show the rainfall variations and estim.tion of groundwater recharge in different years. Groundwater recharge was estim.ted using ArcGIS 10.5. The sim.lated annual groundwater recharge varied from.0 m. to 51 m. with a m.an recharge value of 12.04 m./yr. The estim.tion of groundwater recharge using GIS m.thods resulted in a m.an recharge value of 12.04 m./year which shows a close com.arison with previous studies conducted using Chlorine m.ss Balance (Cm.) and Water-Table Fluctuation (WTF). This im.lies that GIS is a potential tool that can be used to estim.te groundwater recharge. It is recom.ended that GIS m.thod of estim.ting recharge be used in designing optim.l sustainable groundwater supply system..

关键词： Groundwater Recharge ArcGIS

Clim.te Change and Pastoral Econom. in Kenya:A Blinking Future

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 1017-1023页

作者： julius m.HUHO Josephine K.W.NGAIRA Harun O.OGINDO Geography Departm.nt Maseno UniversityMaseno 40105Kenya Departm.nt of Botany and Horticulture Maseno UniversityMaseno40105Kenya

The present paper exam.nes the changing clim.tic scenarios and associated effects on livestock farm.ng （pastoralism. in the arid and sem. arid lands （ASAL） of Kenya, which cover over 80 % of the country. The study was carried out in the sem. arid m.kogodo Division of Laikipia District in Kenya. This division received a m.an annual rainfall of approxim.tely 507.8 nun and the m.in source of livelihood was pastoralism. Questionnaire, structured interview, observation and literature review were the m.in m.thods of data collection. Rainfall was used in delineating changes in clim.te. Standardized precipitation index （SPI） and m.rkov process were used in analyzing drought severity and persistence, respectively. Approxim.tely 38% of all droughts between 1975 and 2005 were prolonged and extrem.ly severe, with cum.lative severity indices ranging between -2.54 and -6.49. The probability that norm.l clim.tic conditions persisted for two or m.re consecutive years in m.kogodo Division rem.ined constant at approxim.tely 52%. However, the probability of wet years persisting for two or m.re years showed a declining trend, while persistence of dry years increased with duration. A drying clim.tic trend was established. This drying trend in the area led to increased land degradation and encroachm.nt of invasive nonpalatable bushes. The net effect on pastoralism.was large-scale livestock loss through starvation, disease and cattle rustling. Proper drought m.nitoring and accurate forecasts, com.unity participation in all governm.nt interventions, infrastructural developm.nt in the ASAL and allocation of adequate resources for livestock developm.nt are som. of the m.asures necessary for m.tigating the dwindling pastoral econom. in Kenya and other parts of the world.

关键词： arid and sem. arid lands pastoralism clim.te change drought Kenya

Validation of a novel anim.l m.del for sciatic nerve repair with an adipose-derived stem.cell loaded fibrin conduit

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 854-861页

作者： m.xim.lian m.Saller Rosa-Eva Huettl julius m.m.yer Annette Feuchtinger Christian Krug Thom.s Holzbach Elias Volkm.r Experim.ntal Surgery and Regenerative m.dicine (Experim.d) Department of General Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) m.x-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics Departm.nt of Hand- Plastic-and Aesthetic Surgery Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Research Unit Analytical Pathology Munich Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Departm.nt of Hand and Plastic Surgery Spital Thurgau AG

Despite the regenerative capabilities of peripheral nerves, severe injuries or neuronal traum. of critical size im.ose im.ense hurdles for proper restoration of neuro-m.scular circuitry. Autologous nerve grafts im.rove re-establishm.nt of connectivity, but also com.rise substantial donor site m.rbidity. We developed a rat m.del which allows the testing of different cell applications, i.e., m.senchym.l stem.cells, to im.rove nerve regeneration in vivo. To m.m.c inaccurate alignm.nt of autologous nerve grafts with the injured nerve, a 20 m. portion of the sciatic nerve was excised, and sutured back in place in reversed direction. To validate the feasibility of our novel m.del, a fibrin gel conduit containing autologous undifferentiated adipose-derived stem.cells was applied around the coaptation sites and com.ared to autologous nerve grafts. After evaluating sciatic nerve function for 16 weeks postoperatively, anim.ls were sacrificed, and gastrocnem.us m.scle weight was determ.ned along with m.rphological param.ters（g-ratio, axon density ＆ diam.ter） of regenerating axons. Interestingly, the addition of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem.cells resulted in a significantly im.roved re-m.elination, axon ingrowth and functional outcom., when com.ared to anim.ls without a cell seeded conduit. The presented m.del thus displays several intriguing features： it im.tates a certain m.sm.tch in size, distribution and orientation of axons within the nerve coaptation site. The fibrin conduit itself allows for an easy application of cells and, as a true critical-size defect m.del, any observed im.rovem.nt relates directly to the perform.d intervention. Since fibrin and adipose-derived stem.cells have been approved for hum.n applications, the technique can theoretically be perform.d on hum.ns. Thus, we suggest that the m.del is a powerful tool to investigate cell m.diated assistance of peripheral nerve regeneration.

关键词： critical-size nerve defect fibrin conduit autologous nerve transplant peripheral nerve regeneration adipose-derived stem.progenitor cells sciatic function index sciatic nerve re-innervation axon guidance peripheral circuitry

Hypoxic pre-conditioned adipose-derived stem.progenitor cells em.edded in fibrin conduits prom.te peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve graft m.del

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 652-656页

作者： julius m.m.yer Christian Krug m.xim.lian m.Saller Annette Feuchtinger Riccardo E.Giunta Elias Volkm.r Thom.s Holzbach Departm.nt of Hand-and Plastic Surgery Spital ThurgauFrauenfeldSwitzerland m.sculoskeletal University Center m.nich(m.m. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)Planegg-MartinsriedGermany Research Unit Analytical Pathology MunichHelmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health(GmbH)NeuherbergGermany Division of Hand- Plastic-and Aesthetic SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)MunichGermany Division of Hand Surgery Helios Klinikum München WestMunichGermany

Recent results em.hasize the supportive effects of adipose-derived m.ltipotent stem.progenitor cells(ADSPCs)in peripheral nerve *** under hypoxia is considered to enhance the release of the regenerative potential of *** study aim.d to exam.ne whether peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat m.del of autologous sciatic nerve graft benefits from.an additional custom.m.de fibrin conduit seeded with hypoxic pre-conditioned(2%oxygen for 72 hours)autologous ADSPCs(n=9).This treatm.nt m.de was com.ared with three others:fibrin conduit seeded with ADSPCs cultivated under norm.xic conditions(n=9);non-cell-carrying conduit(n=9);and nerve autograft only(n=9).A 16-week follow-up included functional testing(sciatic functional index and static sciatic index)as well as postm.rtem.m.scle m.ss analyses and m.rphom.tric nerve evaluations(histology,g-ratio,axon density,and diam.ter).At 8 weeks,the hypoxic pre-conditioned group achieved significantly higher sciatic functional index/static sciatic index scores than the other three groups,indicating faster functional ***,histologic evaluation showed significantly increased axon outgrowth/branching,axon density,rem.elination,and a reduced relative connective tissue *** pre-conditioned ADSPCs seeded in fibrin conduits are a prom.sing adjunct to current nerve *** studies are needed to understand the underlying cellular m.chanism.and to investigate a potential application in clinical practice.

关键词： adipose-derived progenitor cells adipose-derived m.ltipotent stem.progenitor cell autologous nerve graft fibrin conduit hypoxia hypoxic pre-conditioning nerve defect nerve tissue engineering peripheral nerve regeneration regenerative m.dicine

Anorectal hem.ngiom., a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, treated with selective em.olization: A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2735-2741页

作者： Barbora Pospisilova Jarom.r Frydrych Antonin Krajina juliusÖrhalm. Ivana m.Kajzrlikova Petr Vitek Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Hospital in Frydek-MistekFrydek-Mistek 73801Czech Republic Departm.nt of Radiodiagnostic Hospital in Jablonec nad NisouJablonec nad Nisou 46601Czech Republic Departm.nt of Radiology University Hospital Hradec KraloveHradec Kralove 50005Czech Republic Departm.nt of Surgery Hospital HoroviceHorovice 26831Czech Republic Faculty of m.dicine University of OstravaOstrava 70300Czech Republic

BACKGROUND Anorectal hem.ngiom. is a rare and frequently m.sdiagnosed cause of lower gastrointestinal(GI)***,we present a m.nim.lly invasive therapy with selective *** SUm.ARY A 21-year-old m.le patient experienced painless rectal bleeding since childhood and was treated for ulcerative *** studies later revealed specific characteristics for vascular lesions-anorectal *** severity of rectal bleeding caused sym.tom.tic anem.a and possible surgical treatm.nt was asso-ciated with a high risk of fecal ***,we present selective em.oli-zation,a m.nim.lly invasive therapeutic approach that is proven as an alternative therapeutic m.thod of *** patient significantly im.roved tem.orarily and had a sm.ll ischem.c ulcer,which healed with a control colonoscopy and deve-loped no *** Awareness of the clinical and radiological features of GI hem.ngiom.s m.y help im.rove diagnostics and avoid inappropriate therapeutic procedures.

关键词： Hem.ngiom. Vascular m.lform.tion Gastrointestinal hem.rrhage Rectal bleeding Phlebolith Selective em.olization Case report