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Survival and growth of dominant tree seedlings in seasonally tropical dry forests of Yucatan: site and fertilization effects

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 470-479页

作者： Luis Salinas-Peba Víctor Parra-Tabla julio campo Miguel A.Munguía-Rosas Departamento de Ecología Tropical Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánKm.15.5 Carretera Mérida-XmatkuilYucatán 97000México Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.p.70-275México D.F.04510México Departamento de Ecología Humana Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional(CINVESTAV)Km.6 Antigua carretera a ProgresoMérida 97310México

Aims Seasonally tropical dry forests of the Yucatan Peninsula are typically found in sites with nutrient-poor soils because of the recent geologi-cal origin of the *** landscape is dominated by extensive karstic plates that shape environments where vegetation regenera-tion through seed germination may be limited by the availability of suitable *** this study,we documented the survival and growth of seedlings from three dominant tree species(Bursera simaruba,Piscidia piscipula and Lysiloma latisiliquum)in seasonally tropical dry forests in ***,we evaluated the effect of nutrient addition(N and P,separately and in combination)on seedling survival and growth across three sites with differing levels of *** We conducted a nutrient addition experiment,whereby we estab-lished 12 plots of dimensions 10×10 m(100 m^(2))at each site,from which three plots were randomly selected to receive one of four treatments:N addition,P addition,N and P addition and no nutri-ent addition(controls).Prior to treatment application,in each plot,we planted 10 seedlings of each species in October 2010 and sub-sequently conducted surveys of plant growth and survival every 20 days from November 2010 to April *** Findings Overall,nutrient addition increased seedling survival and the mag-nitude of this effect was similar among *** did not observe an additive effect of the N+P treatment on ***,we observed a positive effect of nutrient addition on seedling growth,but this effect was contingent upon site;regarding survival,the effects of N and P on seedling growth were not *** results suggest that seedling recruitment and growth in the three dominant species of trees in Yucatan are limited by nutrient avail-ability but that the magnitude of this effect,particularly on seedling growth,is specific for species and site.

关键词： growth nitrogen nutrient addition phosphorus seedling survival seasonally tropical dry forest

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Effects of Biochar on the Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Sugarcane Residues Applied to Soils

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 869-886页

作者： Thalita Fernanda Abbruzzini Mariana Delgado Oliveira Zenero Pedro Avelino Maia de Andrade Fernando Dini Andreote julio campo Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Department of Soil Science “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Piracicaba Brazil Institute of Ecology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F. Mexico

The sugar and bioethanol industry generate large amounts of filter cake and vinasse, residues that are applied to sugarcane fields as conditioners and organic fertilizers. However, these may be significant sources of greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere. This study assessed the impact of sugarcane straw biochar on the emissions of CO2, CH4and N2O promoted by filter cake and vinasse applied to soil, and its effects on the chemical properties and bacterial communities of a Typic Hapludox and a Quartzipsamment. A laboratory incubation was conducted for 100 days with both soils under five treatments: vinasse and filter cake amendment (FV), plus biochar at 10 (FV + B10), 20 (FV + B20) and 50 (FV + B50) Mg·ha-1, and a control. Soil pH, available P and exchangeable base contents increased with biochar added to sandy soil. Mineral N decreased with biochar addition to both soils. The FV treatment increased CO2 emissions by 5-fold and 2.4-fold in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, FV +B10 increased CO2 emissions by 4% and 6.4% in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to FV. Cumulative N2O emissions in FV were 537% and 125% higher in sandy and clayey soils, respectively, compared to the control. Nevertheless, increasing biochar amendment rates reduced N2O emissions from 24% to 34% in sandy soil, and from 14% to 56% in clayey soil. CH4 emissions were negligible. The effects of filter, vinasse and biochar amendments on soil amelioration were closely related to its buffering capacity. Temporal changes on bacterial community structure were more pronounced in the sandy soil compared to clayey, and indicated that N2O emission mitigation in clayey soil was directly related to biotic mechanisms, while abiotic mechanisms caused by biochar played a more important role in mitigating N2O emissions in sandy soil.

关键词： Filter Cake Fingerprinting Nitrous Oxide Pyrolysis Carbon Soil Fertility Vinasse

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Three co-located resistance genes confer resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in wheat variety Borlaug 100

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 490-497页

作者： Bowei Ye Ravi P.Singh Chan Yuan Demei Liu Mandeep S.Randhawa julio Huerta-Espino Sridhar Bhavani Evans Lagudah Caixia Lan College of Plant Science&Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Apdo.Postal 6-64106600 Mexico D.F.Mexico Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXining 810008QinghaiChina campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Apdo.Postal 1056230ChapingoEdo.de MexicoMexico CSIRO Agriculture&Food GPO Box 1600CanberraACT 2601Australia

Leaf rust(LR) and stripe rust(YR) are important diseases in wheat producing areas worldwide and cause severe yield losses under favorable environmental conditions when susceptible varieties are grown. We determined the genetic basis of resistance to LR and YR in variety Borlaug 100 by developing and phenotyping a population of 198 F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross with the susceptible parent Apav#1. LR and YR phenotyping were conducted for 4 and 3 seasons, respectively, at CIMMYT research stations in Mexico under artificial epidemics. Mendelian segregation analyses indicated that 3–5 LR and 2 YR genes conferred resistance in Borlaug 100. Lr46/Yr29(1 BL), Yr17(2 AS) and Yr30(3 BS) were present in the resistant parent and segregated in the RIL population based on characterization by molecular markers linked to these genes. When present alone, Lr46/Yr29 caused average 13% and 16% reductions in LR and YR severities, respectively, in RILs. Similarly, Yr17 and Yr30 reduced YR severities by 57% and 11%, respectively. The Yr30 and the Yr17 translocation were also associated with 27% and 14% reductions, respectively, in LR severity, indicating that the 3 BS and 2 AS chromosomal regions likely carry new slow rusting LR resistance genes, temporarily designated as Lr B1 and Lr B2, respectively. Additive effects of Yr30*Yr17, Yr29*Yr17 and Yr29*Yr30 on YR and LR were significant and reduced YR severities by 56%,55%, and 45%, respectively, and LR severities by 34%, 40%, and 45%, respectively. Furthermore, interaction between the three genes was also significant, with mean reductions of 70% for YR and 54% for LR severities. Borlaug 100, or any one of the 21 lines with variable agronomic traits but carrying all three colocated resistance loci, can be used as resistance sources in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Co-located resistance loci Common wheat Gene interaction Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis Triticum aestivum

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Technical aspects of uniportal VATS lung major resections with bronchovascular reconstruction

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中华胸部外科电子杂志 2021年第4期8卷 209-217页

作者： julio Sesma Sergio Bolufer Carlos Galvez Francisco Lirio Juan JoséMafé Jone Miren Del campo Sergio Maroto Leyre Sebastian Marta Ortega Luis Jorge Cerezal Department of Thoracic Surgery Hospital General Universitario AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Lung major resections involving bronchovascular reconstruction pose a surgical challenge due to their technical complexity and *** traditional techniques to perform vascular or bronchial reconstructions through multiportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)approach can be applied also by uniportal VATS ***,specific tools have already been developed in order to facilitate these procedures through uniportal VATS approach increasing comfort and workspace through the single port *** procedures must be performed just in very highly uniportal VATS trained teams and it is recommended that teams who perform these techniques previously have completed the advanced learning curve for lung major resections through uniportal VATS *** aim of this paper is to describe the major key points for performing most frequent bronchovascular reconstructions through uniportal VATS approach in a safe and feasible *** technique is step by step described in order to safely perform most common uniportal VATS left/right side lung major bronchovascular resections and *** tip and tricks are detailed in order to facilitate vascular control,bronchovascular reconstructions and unexpected bleeding control through uniportal VATS approach.

关键词： Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) uniportal angioplasty bronchoplasty lung cancer sleeve bronchovascular reconstruction

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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第3期6卷 210-224页

作者： Sridhar BHAVANI David PHODSON julio HUERTA-ESPINO Mandeep SRANDHAWA Ravi PSINGH International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco56237Mexico campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Chapingo56230Mexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ICRAF CampusNairobi00100Kenya

Races belonging to the Ug99(TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa,Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat *** rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times.A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat *** TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in *** research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance genes and gene combinations for use in *** multiple adult plant resistance(APR) genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of *** gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes,complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

关键词： adult plant resistance black rust race-specific resistance Triticum aestivum

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CIMMYT小麦品种Borlaug 100条锈病和叶锈病成株抗性基因发掘

CIMMYT小麦品种Borlaug 100条锈病和叶锈病成株抗性基因发掘

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第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者：叶博伟 Ravi Singh julio Huerta-Espino 兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP

小麦条锈病和叶锈病是世界上小麦生产国的重要病害。其病原菌分布广,流行快,变异频、引起产量损失大。发掘新的条锈病和叶锈病抗源,培育具有广谱、持久抗性小麦新品种,是育种家的主要育种目标之一。本研究利用来自国际玉米小麦改良中心(... 详细信息

小麦条锈病和叶锈病是世界上小麦生产国的重要病害。其病原菌分布广,流行快,变异频、引起产量损失大。发掘新的条锈病和叶锈病抗源,培育具有广谱、持久抗性小麦新品种,是育种家的主要育种目标之一。本研究利用来自国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的感病品系Apav#1与抗病品种Borlaug 100杂交获得198个F6代重组自交系,该群体在墨西哥分别对条锈病和叶锈病进行两年三点的田间表型鉴定。利用传统遗传学方法对该群体分析显示,叶锈病抗性受3-5个基因所调控,条锈病抗性由2个成株抗性基因控制。利用已知成株抗性基因的有效分子标记分别对亲本和整个群体进行基因型检测,发掘该群体含有已知抗条锈病基因Yr17、Yr29和Yr30,抗叶锈病基因为Lr46。多因素方差分析显示,当抗条锈病基因Yr17、Yr29和Yr30单独存在时,分别平均降低条锈病严重度42%,14%和9%,当RIL同时聚合两个基因如Yr29Yr30,Yr29Yr17,Yr30Yr17时,显著降低严重度33%,40%和42%,当三个基因同时存在一个家系时,其病害严重度在3个环境下均值为3%(近免疫抗性水平),与两个基因组合均达到极显著差异;叶锈病抗性基因Lr46存在时,降低叶锈病严重度14%。本研究共计获得15个家系同时聚合3个条锈病基因和1个叶锈病基因供育种家培育持久小麦抗病品种为中间材料。

关键词：小麦条锈病叶锈病成株抗性基因

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普通小麦成株抗叶锈病和条锈病的全基因组定位

普通小麦成株抗叶锈病和条锈病的全基因组定位

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第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者：袁婵 Ravi Singh julio Huerta-Espino 兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP

小麦叶锈病和条锈病分别是由气传真菌Puccinia triticina (Pt)和*** (Pst)引起的两种常见病害,显著影响着全球小麦总产量。培育抗性小麦品种是控制这两种病害的最有效、经济途径之一。由国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的普通小麦品系... 详细信息

小麦叶锈病和条锈病分别是由气传真菌Puccinia triticina (Pt)和*** (Pst)引起的两种常见病害,显著影响着全球小麦总产量。培育抗性小麦品种是控制这两种病害的最有效、经济途径之一。由国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的普通小麦品系ATTILA/3BCN2//BAV92/3/KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE (简称ABKWD)在苗期感病,而成株期严重度接近于0。我们利用ABKWD与锈病高感品系APAV#1杂交,构建含有142个家系构成的F重组自交系(RIL)群体,在2016年到2018年期间,该群体分别在墨西哥的Obregon基地进行三年叶锈病田间表型鉴定,而条锈病则在墨西哥的Toluca和肯尼亚基地分别进行三年成株抗性鉴定。利用genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)和成株抗性基因已知分子标记对该群体进行基因型分析,共计获得4298个多态性分子标记并用于遗传连锁图谱构建。利用IciMapping 4.1共计终检测到3个叶锈病抗性位点,即***-1BL、***-3DS和***7BL;5个条锈病抗性位点***-1BL、***-2AL、***-4BL、***-5AL和***-7DS。其中,***-1BL和***-1BL两个位点位于同一位置,可能与已报道的成株抗性基因Lr46/Yr29一样。紧密连锁标记cs7BLNLRR验证了***-7BL很可能是已报道的成株抗性基因Lr68。通过与已定名基因或QTL的比较,推测***-3DS、***-2AL、***-4BL、***-5AL和***-7DS可能是5个新的抗性QTL,其相关的侧翼标记部分可应用于小麦抗锈病分子育种中。

关键词：小麦叶锈病条锈病成株抗性 QTL

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硬粒小麦Planeta叶锈病成株抗性位点的发掘

硬粒小麦Planeta叶锈病成株抗性位点的发掘

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第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者：李志康 Ravi Singh julio Huerta-Espino 兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP

小麦叶锈病是由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)引起的一种真菌性病害,是硬粒小麦的主要病害之一。利用成株抗性基因培育持久抗性品种是控制叶锈病的重要措施之一。发掘硬粒小麦叶锈病成株抗性基因,对选育持久抗叶锈病的硬粒小麦至关重... 详细信息

小麦叶锈病是由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)引起的一种真菌性病害,是硬粒小麦的主要病害之一。利用成株抗性基因培育持久抗性品种是控制叶锈病的重要措施之一。发掘硬粒小麦叶锈病成株抗性基因,对选育持久抗叶锈病的硬粒小麦至关重要。国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的硬粒小麦品种Planeta在苗期表现为感病,成株期严重度在10%以内,为典型的叶锈病成株抗性品种。利用Planeta与感病品种Atil C2000杂交,获得195个Fs重组近交系(RILs)群体。该群体分别于2006、2007和2016年在墨西哥Ciudad Obregon进行田间表型鉴定。使用Illumina ischosen 90K单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP)对该群体及亲本进行基因分析,共获得4373个多态性标记用于遗传作图。利用完完备区间作图法分别在1BC、2BL、4BS和6BL染色体上检测到4个显著的数量性状位点、(QTL),分别命名为***-1BC,***-2BL,***-4BS,***-6BL,可解释的表型变异分别为4.5%-6.5%,16.2%-24.2%,7.0%-9.2%和15.9%-21.4%。其中位于1BL染色体上位点可能为已知抗性基因Lr46,其它三个位点可能是新位点。这四个抗性位点均来自抗病亲本Planeta,其连锁分子标记有待于进一步转化成KASP标记并验证其有效性,最终供育种家应用。

关键词：硬粒小麦叶锈病成株抗性 QTL

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43个中国小麦品种(系)抗叶锈性研究(英文)

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植物病理学报 2006年第6期36卷 539-549页

作者：赵环环 R.P.Singh Huerta-Espino julio4 杨作民孙其信中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院北京100094 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIM-MYT) campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP

选用12个墨西哥叶锈菌生理小种对43个中国小麦品种(系)所携带的抗叶锈病基因进行了推导,在25个品种(系)中推导出6个抗叶锈基因Lr1,Lr10,Lr13,Lr14a,Lr16和Lr26,9个品种(系)对本试验所使有的12个叶锈菌生理小种都表现感病反应,另有9个品... 详细信息

选用12个墨西哥叶锈菌生理小种对43个中国小麦品种(系)所携带的抗叶锈病基因进行了推导,在25个品种(系)中推导出6个抗叶锈基因Lr1,Lr10,Lr13,Lr14a,Lr16和Lr26,9个品种(系)对本试验所使有的12个叶锈菌生理小种都表现感病反应,另有9个品种(系)携带未知的抗叶锈基因。在墨西哥2个地点进行的田间成株期抗叶锈性试验表明,12个品种(系)表现慢叶锈性,在将来的抗病育种中有一定的应用价值。

关键词：小麦叶锈菌叶锈病成株期抗性慢锈性

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