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Comparing children＇s Homo sapiens and chimpanzees＇ Pan troglodytes quantity judgments of sequentially presented sets of items

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 419-420,421-428页

作者： Michael J. BERAN julie S. JOHNSON-PYNN Christopher READY Language Research Center Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30302 USA Department of Psychology Berry College Mount Berry GA 30149 USA

We presented a quantity judgment task that involved comparing two sequentially presented sets of items to preschoolers and chimpanzees using nearly identical procedures that excluded verbal instructions to children. Trial difficulty in this task reflected the ratio difference between sets of discrete items where larger ratios （e.g., 0.80 as from comparing 4 to 5） were more difficult than smaller ones （e.g., 0.50 as from comparing 4 to 8）. Children also completed verbal-based tasks probing the relationskip between counting proficiency and performance on the quantity judgment task of sequentially presented identical sized items. Both species＇ performance was best when ratios between comparison sets were small regardless of set size in all types of tasks. Generally, chimpanzees and older children performed better than younger children except at larger ratios. Children＇s counting proficiency was not related to success in choosing the larger of two quantities of identical-sized items. These results indicate that chimpanzees and children share an approximate number sense that is reflected through analog magnitude estimation when comparing quantities [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 419-428, 2011].

关键词： Numerical cognition Quantity judgments Children Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes

Disaster Awareness and Preparedness Among Older Adults in Canada Regarding Floods, Wildfires, and Earthquakes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 198-212页

作者： Evalyna Bogdan Rachel Krueger julie Wright Kyle Woods Shaieree Cottar School of Administrative Studies Disaster and Emergency Management ProgramYork UniversityTorontoOntario M3J 1P3Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada Partners for Action Faculty of EnvironmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Older adults are significantly impacted by natural hazards and disasters that are exacerbated by climate change. Understanding their awareness and preparedness is essential for enhancing disaster resilience. This study investigated the attitudes, actions, and recommendations of older adults regarding natural hazards that pose risks in their geographic area—specifically floods, wildfires, and/or earthquakes in Canada. Methods for this study included survey and focus groups with older adults(n = 161 and n = 10, respectively) and other high-risk groups from across Canada, that are vulnerable to these natural hazards. The main findings from this study are that current awareness and preparedness among older adults is low, though stronger perceptions of risks are associated with risks specific to geographic locations where respondents live. Several barriers, such as hazard vulnerability misperceptions, cost-related reasons, and lack of hazard awareness have resulted in low awareness and preparedness among these populations. The two main recommendations arising from this research are:(1) improve awareness and preparedness with tailor-made emergency preparedness materials for older adults;and(2) adopt community-based approaches to disaster preparedness through existing community groups to strengthen social connections with a focus on locally specific hazards. The findings from this research can be applied to other hazards, including heatwaves and pandemics.

关键词： Canada Community-based disaster risk management Disaster awareness and preparedness Disaster resilience Natural hazards Older adults

Epigenetic mechanisms of liver tumor resistance to immunotherapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第9期13卷 979-1002页

作者： julie Sanceau Angelique Gougelet Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Sorbonne UniversiteInsermUniversite de ParisParis 75006France

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver tumor,which stands fourth in rank of cancer-related deaths *** incidence of HCC is constantly increasing in correlation with the epidemic in diabetes and obesity,arguing for an urgent need for new treatments for this lethal cancer refractory to conventional *** is the paradigm of inflammation-associated cancer,since more than 80% of HCC emerge consecutively to cirrhosis associated with a vast remodeling of liver *** the recent decade,immunomodulatory drugs have been developed and have given impressive results in melanoma and later in several other *** the present review,we will discuss the recent advancements concerning the use of immunotherapies in HCC,in particular those targeting immune checkpoints,used alone or in combination with other anticancers *** will address why these drugs demonstrate unsatisfactory results in a high proportion of liver cancers and the mechanisms of resistance developed by HCC to evade immune response with a focus on the epigeneticrelated mechanisms.

关键词： Liver cancer Immunotherapies Epigenetics Resistance Hepatocellular carcinoma

Morphological structure and optical properties of the wings of Morphidae

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Insect Science 2006年第2期13卷 145-158页

作者： SERGE BERTHIER ERIC CHARRON julie BOULENGUEZ Institut des Nanosciences de Pads UMR CNRS-Universite Pierre et Made Curie Pads France

The morphological structure and optical properties of the wings of 14 species of Morphidae have been investigated. Most of the scales of the iridescent species of Morphidae （Lepidoptera） present a very particular structure. The ground scales, responsible for the major part of the optical properties, are covered by a very regular set of longitudinal ridges. The ridges themselves are constituted by a superposition of lamellae that act locally as a multilayered structure. This very specific morphology leads to both interferences and diffraction effects. The first one is responsible of the brilliant blue coloration of the males, while the second one diffracts this colored light at a very large angle. These two phenomena give to the butterfly a very effective long-range communication system. The morphological characteristics of the scales of the various species are presented in detail. Two types of optical measurement were performed on the iridescent wings of 14 different species of Morphidae： spectroscopic measurements under various incidences and gonioscopic measurements for a given incidence angle and wavelength. The first allows a determination of the index of refraction of the cuticular material. The second leads to the drawing of spatial diffraction maps. It shows that most of the reflected light is diffracted laterally over a very large angle （90° 〈 0 〈 120°, according to the different species） and that this repartition depends of the polarization of incident light. As predicted by previous calculations, the dissymmetric structure of the ridge is responsible for the separation of the polarization modes in the various diffraction orders.

关键词： Iridescence morphidae optical properties photonic cristals physical colors,scales structures

Tribological behaviour of fused deposition modelling printed short carbon fibre reinforced nylon composites with surface textures under dry and water lubricated conditions

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Friction 2022年第12期10卷 2045-2058页

作者： Ming LUO Siyu HUANG Ziyan MAN julie M.CAIRNEY Li CHANG School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

Fused deposition modelling(FDM)printed short carbon fibre reinforced nylon(SCFRN)composites were *** friction and wear behaviour of printed materials were systematically investigated under both dry sliding and water lubricated *** results showed that with short fibre enhancements,the printed SCFRN achieved a lower friction coefficient and higher wear resistance than nylon under all tested ***,under water lubricated conditions,the printed SCFRN exhibited a low,stable friction coefficient due to the cooling and lubricating effects of ***,the specific wear rate of the printed specimens could be higher than that obtained under dry sliding conditions,especially when the load was relatively *** square textured surface was designed and created in the printing process to improve materials’tribological *** was found that with the textured surface,the wear resistance of the printed SCFRN was improved under dry sliding conditions,which could be explained by the debris collection or cleaning effect of surface ***,such a cleaning effect was less noticeable under lubricated conditions,as the liquid could clean the surface *** the other hand,surface textures could increase the surface area exposed to water,causing surface softening due to the higher water absorption *** a result,the samples having surface textures showed higher wear rates under lubricated *** work has provided new insights into designing wear resistant polymer materials using three-dimensional(3D)printing technologies,subjected to different sliding conditions.

关键词： fused deposition modelling(FDM) short carbon fibre reinforced nylon(SCFRN)composites transfer film friction and wear

Current management of fecal incontinence:Choosing amongst treatment options to optimize outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9216-9230页

作者： julie Ann M Van Koughnett Steven D Wexner Departmen of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic Florida Weston FL 33331 United States

The severity of fecal incontinence widely varies and can have dramatic devastating impacts on a person’s *** incontinence is common,though it is often underreported by *** addition to standard treatment options,new treatments have been developed during the past decade to attempt to effectively treat fecal incontinence with minimal ***-operative treatments include dietary modifications,medications,and biofeedback *** used surgical treatments include repair(sphincteroplasty),stimulation(sacral nerve stimulation or posterior tibial nerve stimulation),replacement(artificial bowel sphincter or muscle transposition)and diversion(stoma formation).Newer augmentation treatments such as radiofrequency energy delivery and injectable materials,are minimally invasive tools that may be good options before proceeding to surgery in some patients with mild fecal *** general,more invasive surgical treatments are now reserved for moderate to severe fecal *** and quality of life related outcomes,as well as potential complications of the treatment must be considered and the treatment of fecal incontinence must be individualized to the *** indications,techniques,and outcomes profiles for the various treatments of fecal incontinence are discussed in *** the most effective treatment for the individual patient is essential to achieve optimal outcomes in the treatment of fecal incontinence.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Treatment Sacral nerve stimulation Sphincteroplasty Artificial bowel Sphincter Biofeedback

Monotonic Diamond and DDFV Type Finite-Volume Schemes for 2D Elliptic Problems

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Communications in Computational Physics 2023年第7期34卷 456-502页

作者： Xavier Blanc Francois Hermeline Emmanuel Labourasse julie Patela UniversitéParis Cité Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSLaboratoire Jacques-Louis LionsF-75013 ParisFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEA DAM DIFLaboratoire en Informatique Haute Performance pour le Calcul et la Simulation91297 ArpajonFrance

The DDFV(Discrete Duality Finite Volume)method is a finite volume scheme mainly dedicated to diffusion problems,with some outstanding *** scheme has been found to be one of the most accurate finite volume methods for diffusion *** the present paper,we propose a new monotonic extension of DDFV,which can handle discontinuous tensorial diffusion ***,we compare its performance to a diamond type method with an original interpolation method relying on polynomial *** is achieved by adapting the method of Gao et al[A finite volume element scheme with a monotonicity correction for anisotropic diffusion problems on general quadrilateral meshes]to our *** a technique does not require the positiveness of the secondary *** show that the two new methods are second-order accurate and are indeed monotonic on some challenging benchmarks as a Fokker-Planck problem.

关键词： Finite volume method anisotropic diffusion monotonic method DDFV scheme

Central role of the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 transcription factor in seed development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第5期61卷 564-580页

作者： Leonardo Jo julie M.Pelletier John J.Harada Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavis USA

Seed development is a complex period of the flowering plant life *** fertilization,the three main regions of the seed,embryo,endosperm and seed coat,undergo a series of developmental processes that result in the production of a mature seed that is developmentally arrested,desiccated,and metabolically *** processes are highly coordinated,both temporally and spatially,to ensure the proper growth and development of the *** transcription factor,LEAFY COTYLEDON1(LEC1),is a central regulator that controls several aspects of embryo and endosperm development,including embryo morphogenesis,photosynthesis,and storage reserve ***,LEC1 regulates distinct sets of genes at different stages of seed *** its critical importance for seed development,an understanding of the mechanisms underlying LECi's multifunctionality is only beginning to be *** studies describe the roles of specific transcription factors and the hormones,gibberellic acid and abscisic acid,in controlling the activity and transcriptional specificity of LEC1 across seed ***,studies indicate that LEC1 acts as a pioneer transcript!on factor to promote epigenetic reprogramming during *** this review,we discuss the mechanisms that enable LEC1 to serve as a central regulator of seed development.

关键词： Seed development flowering plant seed development

Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed:current perspectives,risks and future prospects

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 463-489页

作者： Ailbhe McGurrin julie Maguire Brijesh K.Tiwari Marco Garcia-Vaquero Section of Food and Nutrition School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublin 4BelfieldIreland TEAGASC Food Research CentreDublin 15AshtownIreland Bantry Marine Research Station Ltd BantryCo.CorkP75 AX07GearhiesIreland

With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this *** of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome,reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce ***,seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo,with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis(attributed to the bromoform content of this species).From the literature analysis in this study,levels of up to 99%reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed,although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal *** review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives,as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these *** effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed,as well as the future challenges when considering the largescale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.

关键词： Asparagopsis Bromoform Methanogenesis Phlorotannin Saponin Tannin