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Bulk Density in Jack Bean’s Development Grown in Cerrado Oxisol

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1349-1360页

作者： Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva juliana terezinha sasso paludo Tonny José Araújo da Silva Salomao Lima Guimaraes Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of Mato GrossoRondonópolisBrazil

The use of cover plants promotes the recycling of nutrients and the increase in organic mass, and minimizes the effects of erosion. The objective was to evaluate the effect of bulk density in the development of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) in Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis-MT, in the period from June to September 2013. Oxisol was used from a Cerrado reserve area, collected at 0 - 0.20 m depth. The experimental design was completely randomized, corresponding to bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg·m-3), and five replications. The experimental plot consisted of three PVC rings (polyvinyl chloride) with 150 mm internal diameter, 300 mm total height, where the upper and lower rings of pots were filled with 1.0 Mg·m-3 density soil and intermediaries according to bulk density treatments. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, when significant, to regression analysis, both with a 5% probability, using SISVAR software. At 60 days after germination, number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of leaves, stem dry mass, dry mass of roots, dry mass of nodules, number of nodules and chlorophyll index (SPAD index) were evaluated. The increase in bulk density negatively influences the development of jack bean, showing little efficiency as a decompacting plant in Cerrado Oxisol.

关键词： Canavalia ensiformis Bulk Density Cover Crops

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Reproductive Components of Safflower Genotypes Submitted of Bulk Density Levels in the Brazilian Cerrado

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 2069-2082页

作者： juliana terezinha sasso paludo Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva Tonny José Araújo da Silva Maurício Dutra Zanotto William Fenner Marcio Koetz Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology—ICAT Federal University of Mato Grosso—UFMT Cuiabá Brazil Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Botucatu Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP Botucatu Brazil Faculty of Agronomy and Zootechnic-FAAZ Post Graduating in Tropical Agriculture Federal University of Mato Grosso—UFMT Cuiabá Brazil

Nutrient absorption in crops can decline and their development can be hindered by increased bulk density. This study aimed at assessing the manner in which bulk density levels affect the reproductive structures of the safflower genotypes in the Brazilian Cerrado. The completely randomized design was adopted with four replications for the experiment, which was conducted in a greenhouse using Oxisol collected from 0.0 to 0.2 m depth from the region supporting Cerrado vegetation. The treatments included ten safflower genotypes (PI 237538, PI 248385, PI 250196, PI 301049, PI 305173, PI 305205, PI 306520, PI 306603, PI 560202 and PI 613366) and five bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg·m-3). Evaluations were done at 90 days after emergence, in terms of the number, diameter and dry mass of the heads. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance. The means were grouped using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The diameter and dry mass of the chapters were influenced by the mean bulk density of 1.10 Mg·m-3. A notable interaction was evident between the safflower genotypes and bulk density levels for the diameter and dry mass of the head alone, revealing the high degree of genetic variability that environmental changes induce among the genotypes. The PI 250196, PI 301049, PI 305173 and PI 305205 genotypes exhibited greater stability to the bulk density variations compared with the others. Mean bulk density of 1.2 Mg·m-3 was found to impair the development of the reproductive components of the safflower genotypes.

关键词： Carthamus tinctorius L. Bulk Density Oleaginous Crop Safflower Genotypes Physical Attributes of Soil

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Development of Safflower Subjected to Nitrogen Rates in Cerrado Soil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2136-2143页

作者： Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva juliana terezinha sasso paludo Jackelinne Valéria Rodrigues Sousa Helon Hébano de Freitas Sousa Tonny José Araújo da Silva Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Federal University of MatoGrosso Rondonópolis Brazil

In a context in which the nitrogen fertilizer recommendations in the literature for safflower crop show up conflicting, it was aimed by the present study to evaluate the development of safflower when subjected to nitrogen rates in an Oxisol collected under Cerrado vegetation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots filled with Oxisol collected in area under Cerrado vegetation in the layer from 0.0 to 0.20 m. Each experimental unit was represented by a plastic pot of 5 dm-3, the experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of six nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 mg°dm-3) and six repetitions. It were assessed plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, number of heads, dry mass of shoot and dry mass of root. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, when significant, to regression analysis, both at 5% probability by SISVAR program. Nitrogen rates positively influence the development of safflower, and the one that best promotes this development is between 160 and 190 mg°dm-3.

关键词： Cathamus tintorius L. Biodiesel Alternative Nitrogen

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