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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 339-350页

作者： Francielli D’Carlos Cravo Wilder Douglas Santiago Allan da Silva Lunguinho Richard Bispo Barbosa Renan Elan da Silva Oliveira Gabriela Fontes Alvarenga Stephano Daniel Santos Rafaella Hilda Zaniti Souza Ellen Cristina de Souza Katia julia de Almeida Josefina Aparecida de Souza David lee Nelson Maria das Gracas Cardoso Department of Food Science Federal University of LavrasC.P.LavrasMinas GeraisBrazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of LavrasC.P.LavrasMinas GeraisBrazil Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduacao Federal University of Vales de Jequitinhonha and MucuriDiamantinaMGBrazil

The present work sought to characterize the cyanogenic glycoside dhurrin in five sugarcane varieties and to determine its possible relationship with the formation of ethyl carbamate in cachaca. For each variety, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were prepared and submitted to thin layer chromatography. Chromatographic spots were revealed with iodine vapors. The physical and chemical parameters of the spirits produced from the five different varieties of sugar cane and by different production processes were within the legal limits. Although not exceeding the limit for ethyl carbamate, a significant variation in the final concentration of this compound was observed for each sample analyzed. The Rf values for the dhurrin standard and for the sugarcane variety SP 83-2847 were equal, similar to those for SP 80-3280 and CTC 11 and different from the Rf values for the RB 86-7515 and IAC 86-2480 samples.

关键词： Cachaca Ethyl Carbamate Quality Glycosides Cyanide Dhurrin

INDIA/ASIA CONVERGENCE AND HIMALAYAN SHORTENING

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 417-418页

Different attempts have been done to deduce the shortening of the Himalayan belt during the India\|Asia convergence. Dewey et al. (1989) and Le Pichon et al.(1992) calculated an India\|Asia shortening of 2300～2150km and 2800～3000km in the western and eastern syntaxes, respectively, since the late 45Ma. According to seafloor\|spreading reconstruction, a total shortening of 3000～500km was estimated after the initial contact of the two plates at 55～50Ma (Molnar and Tapponier, 1975 ; Molnar et al., 1988 ; Replumaz, 1999). Since 40Ma, the part of shortening only accommodated by the Himalayan belt was estimated around 470km in the western part (Coward and Butler, 1985) and 550 to 630km to the east (Ratsbacher et al., 1994 ; Replumaz, 1999). In contrast, global plate reconstructions suggest that the shortening in the Himalaya is of about 1250～250km (Achache et al., 1984 ; Powell et al., 1988 ; Dewey et al.,1989 ; Klootwijk et al., 1992 ; Matte et al., 1997). This discrepancy between the amount of shortening estimated by balancing the Himalayan belt and by plate reconstruction favour the existence of a greater India buried up to 1000km north of the present\|day Indus suture zone and subducted before Middle Eocene time (Klootwijk et al., 1979 ; Patriat and Achache, 1984).

关键词： Paleomagnetism India\|Asia convergence Himalayan shortenin g continental subduction collision

模拟退火法反演远震P波波速慢度及方位数据求解长谷破火山口地壳速度结构

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世界地震译丛 1996年第5期27卷 66-71页

作者： lee K Steck 康瑞清佟瑞清山东省地震局

模拟退火法系一种非线性整体搜索算法,本文用以反演远震P波波速慢度和方位数据,求解地壳速度结构。综合试验表明,用模拟退火法能够以合理的精度确定P波低速带的空间位置,并能使近70％的目标速度扰动得以再现。实验表明,用少至两个台站... 详细信息

模拟退火法系一种非线性整体搜索算法,本文用以反演远震P波波速慢度和方位数据,求解地壳速度结构。综合试验表明,用模拟退火法能够以合理的精度确定P波低速带的空间位置,并能使近70％的目标速度扰动得以再现。实验表明,用少至两个台站的资料便可得到明显的结果。对长谷火山口的射线方向数据的反演发现,在8km深的再生穹丘构造以下存在一个不对称的低速带,相对背景波速有-25％的变动。这一低速带向东南延伸,深度至少达24km,其波速变动约为-10％。这些特征基本与远震走对的反演结果以及射线方向的正演模拟结果相一致,可能与长谷破火山口残余的岩浆房有关。

关键词：地震远震波速方位数据退火法反演地壳结构

HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR FULL-TOROIDAL TRACTION DRIVE INFINITELY VARIABLE-SPEED TRANSMISSION OF A TRACTOR

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HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR FULL-TOROIDAL TRACTION D...

VHF meteor radar at King Sejong Station,Antarctica

第四届流体传动国际会议

作者： Eui-Han Kim Jae-Cheon lee International Trading & Engineering Corp. C.P.O. Box 2080 Seoul South Korea Faculty of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering Keimyung University 1000 Shindang-clong Dalseo-gu Daegu 704-701 South Korea

This study was carried out to develop an infinitely variable-speed transmission(IVT) for agricultural tractor. A full-toroidal variator mechanism with four discs and six rollers was selected as a device changing speed ratio continuously. In the step of system layout design, the specifications of roller cylinders and end-load cylinder were determined. The planetary gear and the six pairs of gears were designed to establish the maximum vehicle speed of 50km/h. Also the hydraulic clutch, the silent chain, the hydraulic manifold and the electronic controller were developed. Then the instrumentation system, the hydraulic power control system and the control scheme were *** tests in the bench and on the farming field were conducted to validate the performance of the prototype IVT. The speed of the vehicle was continuously changed to follow the speed set by a driver under various operating conditions. With the reduction ratio of the variator from 2. 0 to 1. 0, the settling time was about 0. 52 seconds which was satisfactory value for working with a tractor. It was also proved that the tractor could work with continuously variable-speed under heavy load disturbances of plowing.

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第4期24卷 241-247页

作者： Jeong-Han Kim Geonhwa Jee Changsup lee Yong-Ha Kim Division of Polar Climate Research Korea Polar Research Institute26 Songdomirae-roIncheon 406-840Korea Department of Astronomy and Space Science Chungnam National University79 DaehangnoYuseong-guDaejeon 305-764Korea

Since 2002, we have been observing the mesosphere and lower thermosphere （MLT） region over King Sejong Station （KSS; 62.22°S, 58.78°W）, Antarctica, using various instruments such as the Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager （SATI）, All Sky Camera （ASC） and VHF meteor radar. The meteor radar, installed in March 2007, continuously measures neutral winds in the alti- tude region 70-110 km and neutral temperature near the mesopause 24 h.d-1, regardless of weather conditions. In this study, we present results of an analysis of the neutral wind data for gravity wave activity over the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, where such activity is known to be very high. Also presented is temperature estimation from measurement of the decay times of meteor trails, which is compared with other temperature measurements from SATI and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emis- sion Radiometry （SABER） instrument onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energy and Dynamics （TIMED） satel- lite.

关键词： meteor radar gravity wave mesosphere and lower thermosphere region Antarctica

RADAR OBSERVATION OF PRECIPITATION ASYMMETRIES IN TROPICAL CYCLONES MAKING LANDFALL ON EAST CHINA COAST

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2013年第2期2卷 81-95页

作者： DAN WU KUN ZHAO BEN JONG-DAO JOU WEN-CHAU lee Shanghai Typhoon Institute/China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University Department of Atmospheric Sciences National Taiwan University The National Center for Atmospheric Research

This study explores,for the first time,the asymmetric distribution of precipitation in tropical cyclones(TCs) making landfall along east China coast using reflectivity data collected from coastal Doppler radars at China's Mainland and *** TCs(Saomai,Khanun,Wipha,Matsa,Rananim and Krosa) from 2004 to 2007 are *** temporal and spatial evolution of these TCs’ inner and outer core asymmetric precipitation patterns before and after landfall is *** radius of inner-core region is a function of the size of a TC apart from a fixed radius(100 km) adopted in previous *** six TCs possessed distinct asymmetric precipitation patterns between the inner-and outer-core *** amplitude of asymmetry decreases with the increasing TC intensity and it displays an ascending(descending) trend in the inner(outer) *** the inner-core region,the heavy rainfall with reflectivity factor above 40 d BZ tends to locate at the downshear side before *** cases have precipitation maxima on the downshear left side,in agreement with previous *** TCs approaching land(~ 2 hr before landfall),their precipitation maxima generally shift to the front quadrant of the motion partly due to the interaction of TC with the land *** the outer-core region,the precipitation maxima occur in the front quadrant of the motion in five of the six cases before *** landfall,the precipitation maxima shift from the right-front quadrant clockwisely to the right-rear quadrant of the motion collocated well with the mountainous areas along the coast,which indicates the impact of topography forcing on the precipitation *** study illustrated how the precipitation asymmetry in the inner-and outer-core at different stages of TC landfall is affected by storm motion,vertical wind shear and topography.

关键词： landfalling tropical cyclone asymmetric precipitation distribution East China

Enhancer variants reveal a conserved transcription factor network governed by PU.1 during osteoclast differentiation

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Bone Research 2018年第1期6卷 83-94页

作者： Heather A.Carey Blake E.Hildreth III Jennifer A.Geisler Mara C.Nickel Jennifer Cabrera Sankha Ghosh Yue Jiang Jing Yan James lee Sandeep Makam Nicholas A.Young Giancarlo R.Valiente Wael N.Jarjour Kun Huang Thomas J.Rosol Ramiro E.Toribio julia F.Charles Michael C.Ostrowski Sudarshana M.Sharma Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina Division of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Division of Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Genome-wide association studies(GWASs) have been instrumental in understanding complex phenotypic traits. However, they have rarely been used to understand lineage-specific pathways and functions that contribute to the trait. In this study, by integrating lineage-specific enhancers from mesenchymal and myeloid compartments with bone mineral density loci, we were able to segregate osteoblast-and osteoclast(OC)-specific functions. Specifically, in OCs, a PU.1-dependent transcription factor(TF)network was revealed. Deletion of PU.1 in OCs in mice resulted in severe osteopetrosis. Functional genomic analysis indicated PU.1 and MITF orchestrated a TF network essential for OC differentiation. Several of these TFs were regulated by cooperative binding of PU.1 with BRD4 to form superenhancers. Further, PU.1 is essential for conformational changes in the superenhancer region of Nfatc1. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining GWASs with genome-wide binding studies and model organisms could decipher lineage-specific pathways contributing to complex disease states.

关键词： Genome-wide GWASs MITF

2014北京车展：威航Black Bess限量版

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企业家（内刊） 2014年第5期 94-95页

作者： lee

在2014北京车展上，布加迪带来了旗下最新的第5款威航传奇限量版--Black Bess传奇限量版，新车与其它传奇限量版车型一样，仅限量生产3台。此次布加迪推出的传奇限量版车型是为了纪念经典的布加迪Type18车型，它是布加迪在一战前最为重... 详细信息

在2014北京车展上，布加迪带来了旗下最新的第5款威航传奇限量版--Black Bess传奇限量版，新车与其它传奇限量版车型一样，仅限量生产3台。此次布加迪推出的传奇限量版车型是为了纪念经典的布加迪Type18车型，它是布加迪在一战前最为重要的代表车型之一。Type18搭载直列四缸5．0升发动机，最大功率超过100马力，最高时速160km／h，相比同一时代的其他汽车，这个速度可谓相当惊人。

关键词：北京车展限量版 Black 限量生产最大功率传奇车型发动机

Observed Solar Cycle Variation of the Stratospheric QBO Generated in the Mesosphere and Amplified by Upward Propagating Waves

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2018年第1期8卷 63-83页

作者： Hans G. Mayr Frank T. Huang Jae N. lee Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel USA Emeritus NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt USA Emeritus University of Maryland Baltimore County USA University of Maryland Baltimore USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt USA

With an analysis of zonal wind observations over 40 years, Salby and Callaghan [1] showed that the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 20 km is modulated by 11-year solar cycle (SC) variations from about 12 to 20 m/s (Figure 2). The observations are reproduced qualitatively in a study with the 3D Numerical Spectral Model, which shows that the SC effect of the stratospheric QBO is produced by dynamical downward coupling originating in the mesosphere. In this modeling study, the SC period is taken to be 10 years, and a realistic heat source is applied varying exponentially with altitude: 0.2%, surface;2%, 50 km;20%, 100 km and above. The numerical results show that the variable solar radiation in the mesosphere around 65 km generates a hemispheric symmetric Equatorial Annual Oscillation (EAO), which is modulated by relatively large SC variations. Under the influence of wave mean flow interactions, the EAO propagates into the lower atmosphere and is the dynamical source or pacemaker for the large SC modulation of the QBO. The numerical results show that the upward propagating small-scale gravity waves from the troposphere amplify the SC modulations of the QBO and EAO in the stratosphere, part of the SC mechanism. The zonal winds of the equatorial QBO and EAO produce through the meridional circulation measurable SC variations in the temperature of the stratosphere and troposphere at high latitudes. Analysis of NCEP temperature and zonal wind data (1958 to 2006) provides observational evidence of the EAO with SC variations around 11 years.

关键词： Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) Observed Solar Cycle Variations Modeling Study Equatorial Annual Oscillation (EAO) Dynamical Downward Coupling Wave Mean-Flow Interactions Non-Linear Interactions