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Bioenergy Crops as a Promising Alternative to Fossil Fuels in Louisiana: A Geographic Information System (GIS) Perspective

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2022年第4期12卷 57-81页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Zhu h. Ning John B. Namwamba Abena B. Asare-Ansah Edmund C. Merem harriet B. Yeboah Judith Oppong Matilda Anokye Diana B. Frimpong Priscilla M. Loh julia Atayi Rechael N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku Opeyemi I. Oladigbolu Cynthia C. Ogbu Leah W. Njeri Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Canada

Rising greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change, and the world’s focus has shifted to the need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. There has been a rise in the published literature on the utilization of crops for bioenergy production in Louisiana. however, very few scholarly documents have used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the distribution of potential bioenergy crops in Louisiana. This study seeks to fill the void by evaluating the potential of bioenergy crops in Louisiana for energy production using GIS. Given this objective, the agricultural census data for 1999, 2009, 2019, and 2020 obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture were used in the analysis. The quantities of various crops produced in the state were loaded into an attribute table and joined to a shapefile using ArcGIS software. The symbology tool’s graduated option was used to create five maps representing each of the bioenergy crops in Louisiana. The findings of the GIS analysis show that some of the parishes, such as Franklin produced the most bushels of corn (13,795,416), Iberia produced the most tons of sugarcane (1,697,980), East Carroll produced the most bushels of soybean (8,237,991), Tensas harvested the most bales of cotton (80,898) and Avoyelles produced the most bushels of sorghum (630,694). The abundance and availability of crops as raw materials for energy production will translate into lower prices in terms of energy use, making bioenergy crops a promising alternative to fossil fuels. In addition, gasoline price data from 1993-2022 was obtained from U.S. Energy Information Administration. A regression model for the average annual gasoline price over the years was constructed. The results show that the average annual gasoline price variation with respect to years is statistically significant (p 0.05). This suggests that gasoline prices will generally rise despite a price drop over the years. The paper concludes by outlining policy recommendations in the

关键词： Bioenergy Crops Biomass Fossil Fuel Gasoline Geographic Information Sys-tem (GIS) Regression Analysis Louisiana

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以英国FSA营养素度量体系为基础的个体膳食指数在法国的开发和验证

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营养健康新观察 2014年第1期 41-42页

作者： Chantal julia Mathilde Touvier Caroline Mejean Pauline Ducrot Sandrine Peneau Serge hercberg Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot 刘轶群

背景:以食品正面包装的营养标签、广告规范或粮食税为基础的营养素度量体系对于公共健康是一个很有用的工具。然而,它的能耐远超于对产品描述并能够充分地塑造个体膳食有必要更进一步的调查目的:本研究旨在(1)计算个体层面的分值基于英... 详细信息

背景:以食品正面包装的营养标签、广告规范或粮食税为基础的营养素度量体系对于公共健康是一个很有用的工具。然而,它的能耐远超于对产品描述并能够充分地塑造个体膳食有必要更进一步的调查目的:本研究旨在(1)计算个体层面的分值基于英国FSA食物级别的每个食物消耗的营养素度量体系,(2)依据食物组消耗量、营养摄入量以及社会人口和生活方式的改变评估膳食状况评分的正确性。方法:从Nu1riNet-Sante研究(n=4225)中选定法国人群作为代表性样本。采用24小时膳食回顾记录收集膳食数据。社会人口和生活方式的数据采用自我报告形式记录。所有食物消耗量采用FSA营养素度量法描述,并且来自于每个食物消耗的能量摄入量用于计算个体层面的FSA导出的累积分值。遵循法国营养素推荐规范(PNNS-GS)的分数以膳食质量评分作为比较而计算。在食物消耗、营养指标、生活方式和社会人口的变化与累积分的四分位之间的关联性通过ANOVAs和线性回归模型调查。结果:得到有利分值的受试者消耗大量的水果(差异△=156g/d,P<0.001),蔬菜(△=85g/d,P<0.001),以及鱼和少量的零食(△=-72g/d,P<0.001);同时他们也有大量维生素和矿物质的摄入以及少量的饱和脂肪酸的摄入。得到有利分值的受试者很好的遵循了依据PNNS-GS衡量的营养素推荐标准(△=2.13 points,P<0.001)。女性年长的受试者以及高收入的群体更可能得到较高的分值。结论:研究结果表明FSA营养素度量体系对法国人群中个体膳食的概述更加全面可行。NutriNet-Sante研究已被登录于2013-000929-31欧洲临床试验数据库(EudraCT)。

关键词：膳食行为膳食评分营养素度量体系

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Analysis of Precipitation Trends and Prediction in Selected Cities in the Southeast Louisiana

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 698-727页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi John B. Namwamba Zhu h. Ning Edmund C. Merem Priscilla M. Loh Abena B. Asare-Ansah Jacob B. Annan Ronald Okwemba harriet B. Yeboah Caroline Y. Apraku Janeth Mjema Rechael N. D. Armah Matilda Anokye Lucinda A. Kangwana Judith Oppong julia Atayi Cynthia C. Ogbu Opeyemi I. Oladigbolu Diana B. Frimpong Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge LA USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson MS USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Canada

The impacts of climate change are being felt in Louisiana, in the form of changing weather patterns that have resulted in changes in floods, hurricanes, tornadoes frequencies of occurrence, and magnitudes, among others resulting in, flooding. The variabilities in rainfall in a drainage basin affect water availability and sustainability. This study analyzed the precipitation data of Southeastern Louisiana, United States, for the period 1990 to 2020. Data used in the study was from, Donaldsonville, Galliano, Lafourche, Gonzales, Ascension, Morgan, New Orleans, Audubon, Plaquemine, and Ponchatoula, Tangipahoa, weather stations. These stations were selected because the differences between each of their highest and lowest average annual rainfall data were greater than 20 inches. To investigate climate patterns and trends for the given weather stations in Southeastern Louisiana, precipitation data were analyzed on annual time scales using data collected from the World Bank Group Climate Change Knowledge Portal for Development Practitioners and Policy Makers and the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) of the National Weather Service Prediction Center. The data were further aggregated using annual average blocks of 4 years, and linear and polynomial regression was performed to establish trends. The highest and lowest average annual rainfall data for Donaldsonville, Galliano, Lafourche, Gonzales, Ascension, Morgan, New Orleans, Audubon, Plaquemine, and Ponchatoula, Tangipahoa, weather stations were, 75 and 48, 71 and 44, 73.5 and 52.7, 75 and 46.4, 72 and 41.3, 94 and 55.3, Ponchatoula, and 78.6 and 44, respectively. Plaquemine recorded the highest average annual average rainfall while New Orleans, Audubon station recorded the lowest. The projection of the precipitation in 2030 has been carried out to inform scientists and stakeholders about the approximate quantity of rainfall expected and enable them to make their expected impacts on agriculture, economy, etc. The pr

关键词： Precipitation Linear and Polynomial Regression Extrapolating Models Southeastern Louisiana

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*** for the anatomopathological,functional and surgical characterization of the cornea

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 498-498页

作者： Jean Meunier Mona Dagher julia Talajic Marie-Claude Robert Isabelle Brunette Département d'informatique et de recherche opérationnelle Universitéde MontréalMontréalQCCanada Département Neurosciences CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada Département ophtalmologie Universitéde MontréalMontréalQCCanada Centre Michel-Mathieu Institut d’excellence en ophtalmologiePavillon MaisonneuveHôpital Maisonneuve-RosemontMontréalQCCanada Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie de l'Universitéde Montréal et Centre de Recherche de l'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont CIUSSS-EMontréalCanada hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center CIUSSS-EMontréalCanada

Background:The purpose of this infrastructure is to provide to the Network researchers a database and diverse related tools for the anatomical and functional analysis of the normal,pathological and surgical ***:This database is composed of normal and pathological individuals,totaling more than 36,000 *** includes anatomical and functional imaging data,physiological optics data,psychometric and clinical data(medical history,surgical parameters,acuteness,etc.).Various corneal topography tools were added,giving the database a unique character:tools for analyzing individual maps,average map tools for the study and comparison of populations,3D modeling and visualization tools,statistical tools,*** are also screening tools for detecting various corneal conditions(LASIK,PRK,RK,keratoconus)and for secure data exchange between ***:Several studies were made in recent years thanks to this common *** example,this database has provided important information regarding the evolution of the 3D shape of the normal cornea with age and ametropia and has confirmed the mirror symmetry of corneas for the right and the left eyes(enantiomorphism).The different stages of Fuchs’dystrophy were also characterized to provide essential knowledge for surgery of the posterior layer of the *** database also allowed studying the anatomy of the wounds and the shape of the cornea before and after a transfixing transplant or an endothelial transplant(DSAEK and DSEK).The data on the characterization of experimentally transplanted corneas with corneal equivalents generated by tissue engineering and the recent addition of clinical data on the replacement of a diseased cornea with a synthetic corneal equivalent(keratoprosthesis)also resulted in several *** recently,the database has allowed to develop innovative algorithms to determine the optimal shape of an implant according to the clinical parameters of the *** the other

关键词： Cornea corneal topography atlas keratoprosthesis transplant biometrics

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Flood Mapping in Mozambique Using Copernicus Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2022年第3期12卷 80-105页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Edmund C. Merem John B. Namwamba Abena B. Asare-Ansah Jacob B. Annan Zhu h. Ning Rechael N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku harriet B. Yeboah julia Atayi Matilda Anokye Diana B. Frimpong Ronald Okwemba Olipa S. Mwakimi Judith Oppong Brilliant M. Petja Janeth Mjema Priscilla M. Loh Lucinda A. Kangwana Valentine Jeruto Leah Wangari Njeri Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A & M College 102 Fisher Hall Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University 101 Capitol Center Jackson Mississippi USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dares Salam Dares Salam Tanzania Water Research Commission (WRC) Private Bag X03 Gezina South Africa

Over the last two decades, Mozambique has experienced tremendous tropical cyclonic activities causing many flooding activities accompanied by disastrous human casualties. Studies that integrate remote sensing, elevation data and coupled with demographic analysis in Mozambique are very limited. This study seeks to fill the void by employing satellite data to map inundation caused by Tropical Cyclones in Mozambique. In pursuit of this objective, Sentinel-2 satellite data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS)’s Earth Explorer free Online Data Services imagery website covering the months of March 20, 2019, March 25, 2019, and April 16, 2019 for two cities, Maputo and Beira in Mozambique. The images were geometrically corrected to remove, haze, scan lines and speckles, and then referenced to Mozambique ground-based Geographic: Lat/Lon coordinate system and WGS 84 Datum. Data from twelve spectral bands of Sentinel-2 satellite, covering the visible and near infrared sections of the electromagnetic spectrum, were further used in the analysis. In addition, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) within the study area was computed using the green and near infrared bands to highlight water bodies of Sentinel-2 detectors. To project and model the population of Mozambique and see the impact of cyclones on the country, demographic data covering 1980 to 2017 was obtained from the World Bank website. The Exponential Smoothing (ETS) method was adopted to forecast the population of Mozambique. Results from NDWI analysis showed that the NDWI is higher for flood areas and lower for non-flooded ones. The ETS algorithm results indicate that the population of Mozambique would nearly double by 2047. human population along the coastal zone in the country is also on the rise exponentially. The paper concludes by outlining policy recommendations in the form of uniform distribution of economic activities across the country and prohibition of inland migration to the coas

关键词： Tropical Cyclones Floods Remote Sensing NDWI Exponential Smoothing (ETS) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Sentinel-2 Satellite Mozambique

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冠状动脉旁路移植术前对环氧化酶-1抑制性的评估：血小板聚集率与患者自测的对比研究

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麻醉与镇痛 2011年第3期7卷 32-38页

作者： Niels Rahe-Meyer, MD, PhD Michael Winterhalter, M4 julia hartmann Albert Pattison hartmut hecker Andreas Calatzis, MD Cristina Solomon, MD 曹晖(译) Department of Anesthesiology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany hart Biologicals Hartlepool UK University hospital Munich Munich Germany Institute for Biometry Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany University hospital Munich Munich Germany Department of hemostasis and Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Munich Munich Germany 不详

背景抗血小板治疗导致的血小板功能减退可产生围手术期出血，数项对手术前5日内摄入阿司匹林的影响研究结果不一，有的认为摄入阿司匹林会增加围手术期输血量，而有的认为并无显著影响。本项研究的目的在于对比患者自身报告服药情况与... 详细信息

背景抗血小板治疗导致的血小板功能减退可产生围手术期出血，数项对手术前5日内摄入阿司匹林的影响研究结果不一，有的认为摄入阿司匹林会增加围手术期输血量，而有的认为并无显著影响。本项研究的目的在于对比患者自身报告服药情况与血小板功能测定两种方法评估阿司匹林摄入对围手术期输血需求的影响。方法在一项前瞻性研究中，对100例行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者，术前5日阿司匹林的摄入进行标准化问卷调查。另外，使用Multiplate血小板功能分析仪测定花生四烯酸介导的全血血小板聚集率。结果23例手术前5日内服用阿司匹林的患者中有11例血小板聚集功能异常，77例手术前未服用阿司匹林的患者中有9例血小板功能异常。服用与未服用阿司匹林的患者相比，手术后24小时内胸管引流量及红细胞输注量无显著差别。手术前血小板聚集功能异常的患者（〈51U）所需的血小板输注量（1．1U）显著高于血小板聚集功能正常的患者（0．3U，P=0．001）。结论本研究结果显示全血花生四烯酸诱导血小板聚集率对于血小板相关的凝血功能异常及血小板输注量的预测优于患者自身报告阿司匹林的摄入情况。

关键词：冠状动脉旁路移植术血小板聚集率手术前环氧化酶-1 患者血小板聚集功能异常评估血小板功能分析仪

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Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第6期87卷 1-235页

作者： Kevin D.hyde Chada Norphanphoun Vanessa P.Abreu Anna Bazzicalupo K.W.Thilini Chethana Marco Clericuzio Monika C.Dayarathne Asha J.Dissanayake Anusha h.Ekanayaka Mao-Qiang he Sinang hongsanan Shi-Ke huang Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Anuruddha Karunarathna Sirinapa Konta Ivana Kusan hyun Lee Junfu Li Chuan-Gen Lin Ning-Guo Liu Yong-Zhong Lu Zong-Long Luo Ishara S.Manawasinghe Ausana Mapook Rekhani h.Perera Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Igor Siedlecki Adriene Mayra Soares Danushka S.Tennakoon Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Yuan-Pin Xiao Jing Yang Xiang-Yu Zeng Faten A.Abdel-Aziz Wen-Jing Li Indunil C.Senanayake Qiu-Ju Shang Dinushani A.Daranagama Nimali Ide Silva Kasun M.Thambugala Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Ali h.Bahkali Mary L.Berbee Saranyaphat Boonmee D.Jayarama Bhat Timur S.Bulgakov Bart Buyck Erio Camporesi Rafael F.Castaneda-Ruiz Putarak Chomnunti Minkwan Doilom Francesco Dovana Tatiana B.Gibertoni Margita Jadan Rajesh Jeewon E.B.Gareth Jones Ji-Chuan Kang Samantha C.Karunarathna Young Woon Lim Jian-Kui Liu Zuo-Yi Liu helio Longoni Plautz Jr Saisamorn Lumyong Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Neven Matocec Eric h.C.McKenzie Armin Mesic Daniel Miller julia Pawłowska Olinto L.Pereira Itthayakorn Promputtha Andrea I.Romero Leif Ryvarden hong-Yan Su Satinee Suetrong Zdenko Tkalcec Alfredo Vizzini Ting-Chi Wen Komsit Wisitrassameewong Marta Wrzosek Jian-Chu Xu Qi Zhao Rui-Lin Zhao Peter E.Mortimer Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani”Via Roma 18Forlı`Italy Centre of Mountain Ecosystem Studies Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences Dali UniversityDali 671003YunnanPeople’s Republic of China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Botany University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohag 82524Egypt Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34123 Al-KhodOman Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduit 80837Mauritius Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Faculty of BiologyBiological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of Warsaw_Zwirki i Wigury 10102-089 WarsawPoland Departamento de Micologia Centro de BiocienciasUniversidade Federal de PernambucoAv.da Engenharia s/nRecifePernambuco 50760-600Brazil Dipartimento

This is the sixth in a series of papers where we bring collaborating mycologists together to produce a set of notes of several taxa of *** this study we introduce a new family Fuscostagonosporaceae in *** also introduce the new ascomycete genera Acericola,Castellaniomyces,Dictyosporina and Longitudinalis and new species Acericola italica,Alternariaster trigonosporus,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Angustimassarina coryli,Astrocystis bambusicola,Castellaniomyces rosae,Chaetothyrina artocarpi,Chlamydotubeufia krabiensis,Colletotrichum lauri,Collodiscula chiangraiensis,Curvularia palmicola,Cytospora mali-sylvestris,Dictyocheirospora cheirospora,Dictyosporina ferruginea,Dothiora coronillae,Dothiora spartii,Dyfrolomyces phetchaburiensis,Epicoccum cedri,Epicoccum pruni,Fasciatispora calami,Fuscostagonospora cytisi,Grandibotrys hyalinus,hermatomyces nabanheensis,hongkongmyces thailandica,hysterium rhizophorae,Jahnula guttulaspora,Kirschsteiniothelia rostrata,Koorchalomella salmonispora,Longitudinalis nabanheensis,Lophium zalerioides,Magnibotryascoma mali,Meliola clerodendri-infortunati,Microthyrium chinense,Neodidymelliopsis moricola,Neophaeocryptopus spartii,Nigrograna thymi,Ophiocordyceps cossidarum,Ophiocordyceps issidarum,Ophiosimulans plantaginis,Otidea pruinosa,Otidea stipitata,Paucispora kunmingense,Phaeoisaria microspora,Pleurothecium floriforme,Poaceascoma halophila,Periconia aquatica,Periconia submersa,Phaeosphaeria acaciae,Phaeopoacea muriformis,Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis,Ramgea ozimecii,Sardiniella celtidis,Seimatosporium italicum,Setoseptoria scirpi,Torula gaodangensis and Vamsapriya *** also provide an amended account of Rhytidhysteron to include apothecial ascomata and a J?*** type species of Ascotrichella hawksworthii(Xylariales genera incertae sedis),Biciliopsis leptogiicola(Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis),Brooksia tropicalis(Micropeltidaceae),Bryochiton monascus(Teratosphaeriaceae),Bryomyces scapaniae(Pseud

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Mucoromycota Phylogeny Taxonomy

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GREENhOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： Sarah BUCKINGhAM Cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITh Vera EORY David R.ChADWICK Christina K.BAXTER Joanna M.CLOY Shaun CONNOLLY Emily C.COOLEDGE Nicholas J.COWAN julia DREWER Colm DUFFY Naomi JFOX Asma JEBARI Becky JENKINS Dominika J.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN Graham A.MCAULIFFE Steven J.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAhERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RIChARDS Rainer ROEhE Jo SMITh Kate SMITh Taro TAKAhAShI Rachel E.ThORMAN John WILLIAMS Jeremy WILTShIRE Robert M.REES Scotland’s Rural College EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland Centre for Ecology and hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The James hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. however,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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采用迭代重建技术的超低剂量CT行肺癌筛查:将辐射剂量降低至常规胸片水平

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国际医学放射学杂志 2016年第6期 712-712页

作者： h.Adrian L.julia E.Lukas B.Yanik L.Lars B.Barbara 沈俊林 Department of Diagnostic Interventional and Paediatric RadiologyUniversity Hospital Inselspital Bern

摘要目的探讨超低剂量CT检查中肺结节的检出率。方法本体模研究中,共232个大小不等的结节(115个实性结节、117个磨玻璃结节)以60种排列方式随机分布在肺体

关键词：肺癌筛查低剂量常规胸片 CT

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Transcriptional Activation and Production of Tryptophan-Derived Secondary Metabolites in Arabidopsis Roots Contributes to the Defense against the Fungal Vascular Pathogen Verticillium Iongisporum

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1389-1402页

作者： Tim Iven Stefanie Konig Seema Singh Susanna A. Braus-Stromeyer Matthias Bischoff Lutz F. Tietze Gerhard h. Braus Volker Lipka Ivo Feussner Wolfgang Droge-Laser Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Julius-von-Sachs-lnstitut Pharmazeutische Biologie Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2 97082 Wurzburg Germany Georg-August-Universitat Albrecht-von-Haller-lnstitut fur Pflanzenwissenschaften Biochemie der Pflanze Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11 37077 GottingenGermany Georg-August-Universitat Institut for Mikrobiologie und Genetik Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Genetik Grisebachstr. 8 37077 Gottingen Germany Georg-August-Universitat Institut for Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie AG Tietze Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Gottingen Germany Georg-August-Universitat Schwann-Schleiden-Forschungszentrum for Molekulare Zellbiologie Abteilung Zellbiologie der Pflanze Julia-Lermontowa-Weg3 37077 Gottingen Germany

The soil-borne fungal pathogen Verticillium Iongisporum causes vascular disease on Brassicaceae host plants such as oilseed rape. The fungus colonizes the root xylem and moves upwards to the foliage where disease symptoms become visible. Using Arabidopsis as a model for early gene induction, we performed root transcriptome analyses in re- sponse to hyphal growth immediately after spore germination and during penetration of the root cortex, respectively. Infected roots showed a rapid reprogramming of gene expression such as activation of transcription factors, stress-, and defense-related genes. here, we focused on the highly coordinated gene induction resulting in the production of tryp- tophan-derived secondary metabolites. Previous studies in leaves showed that enzymes encoded by CYP81F2 and PEN2 （PENETRATION2） execute the formation of antifungal indole glucosinolate （IGS） metabolites. In Verticillium-infected roots, we found transcriptional activation of CYP81F2 and the PEN2 homolog PEL 1 （PEN2-LIKE1）, but no increase in antifungal IGS breakdown products. In contrast, indole-3-carboxylic acid （13CA） and the phytoalexin camalexin accumulated in infected roots but only camalexin inhibited Verticillium growth in vitro. Whereas genetic disruption of the individual metabolic pathways leading to either camalexin or CYP81F2-dependent IGS metabolites did not alter Verticillium-induced disease symptoms, a cyp79b2 cyp79b3 mutant impaired in both branches resulted in significantly enhanced susceptibility. hence, our data provide an insight into root-specific early defenses and suggest tryptophan-derived metabolites as active anti- fungal compounds against a vascular pathogen.

关键词： Verticillium Iongisporum Arabidopsis root transcriptome camalexin indole glucosinolates.

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